Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 79
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.79

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Oil Resources in Mainland China

Akinobu Tsumura

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 80-88
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.80

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Although some oil and gas fields had been known in China since long ago, it had not been expected that China would become a major oil producing country because it consists mostly of metamorphic rocks and continental sediment formations in geology. After the revolution, over fifty oil and gas fields have been discovered in 16 continental sedimental basins. Major oil fields are Karamai and Lengho in Northwest and Tachin and Shenri in North and Central East. After discevery of Tachin oil field, production of crude oil climbed rapidly up to 25 million tons in 1971.
Oil reserves in the land is estimated at one to three billion tons. In addition to this, vast oil resources are expected in Gulf of Pohai and East Chima Sea.

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Determination of Phosphorus in Coal and Coke (I)

Studies on the Direct Method by the Wet Oxidation Technique

Toshimi Fujimori, Tomoyoshi Takesue, Kaoru Ishikawa

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 89-100
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.89

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In this paper we describe an experimental studies on the direct determination of phosphorus in coal and coke by the wet oxidation technique, shown in ISO/TC 27-493 E. Informations obtained from our experiments are as follows:
1) A significant correlation was observed between the times required for sample digestion and the ranks of coalification of samples. It means that higher rank coals need longer digestion times.
2) The precision and accuracy of the wet oxidation method bear comparison with that of indirect methods.
3) The required time for wet oxidation method is 1 to 4 hours and is more rapid than that of the indirect methods.
4) The conditions for development of colour shown in ISO/TC 27-493 E should be improved as follows:
Conditions for colour development ISO/TC 27-493 E Improved condition
Quantity of 5 N sodium hydroxide 7. 5ml 10ml
Quantity of 5 N sulphuric acid: 8. 5ml 10ml
Quantity of 1 % ammonium molibdate: 5ml 8ml
Quantity 0.3 % hydrazine sulphate: 5ml 5ml
Standing time in boiling water: 12min. 18ml
These improvements are effective to broaden the stable range of the colour developed.

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Determination of Phosphorus in Coal and Coke (II)

Studies on the Direct Method by the Oxygen Flask Technique

Toshimi Fujimori, Yoshiyuki Tsuru, Kaoru Ishikawa

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 101-107
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.101

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In this paper we describe an experimental studies on the direct determination of phosphorus in coal and coke by the oxygen flask technique, presented by W. J. S. Pringle et al.
The following informations were obtained from our experiments.
1) It is desirable to improve the apparatus used in this method as follows:
Apparatus to be improved Original report Improved
A filter paper packing Eschka mixture and coal 3×3cm 3×4cm
Platinum carrier gauze of 36mesh expand sheet with holes of 1 mm diameter
2) This method is suitable for the pourpose of routine process control because it has the following advantages, though it gives sometimes lower analytical values than that of the other methods for high phosphorus samples.
a) The simple and cheap apparatus are employed.
b) The procedures are relatively simple and need shorter time than that of the other methods.
c) No acid fume yields during the decomposition of sample unlike the wet oxidation method.
d) The combustion temperature reaches about 1, 200°C, and is sufficient for sample decomposition.
e) The repeatability of this method is slightly inferior to that of the wet oxidation method, but is almost same or slightly better than that of indirect methods.

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Determination of Phosphorus in Coal and Coke (III)

Behavior of Phosphorus in Coal during Incineration

Toshimi Fujimori, Nobuo Ikebe, Kaoru Ishikawa

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 108-112
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.108

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The authors have studied on the direct determination of phosphorus in coal and coke in the first and second reports, and found that some differences were observed between the analytical results obtained by the direct methods and that of the indirect method. It suggest that some losses of the phosphorus contents in coals may by caused during the incineration, asmentioned previously by A. K. Moitra et al. We attempted, therefore, to trace the behavior of the phosphorus in coal during the incinefation, and obtained the following informations;
1) About five to eleven percent of the phosphorus in original coals are lost during the incineration of the samples.
2) The indirect method is not so accurate that the direct methods such as wet oxidation method are recommended for a close examination of total phosphorus in coals.
3) The calculated value or oxygen in coal should be corrected by deducting the loss of phosphorus during incineration, though the maximum absolute value of the correction is estimated as about 0.01%.

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Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Water Injection on Diesel Engine

Junkichiro Dai, Sadaichi Ozaki, Yoshitada Uchiyama, Kin-ichi Motohashi

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 113-120
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.113

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In order to control nitrogen oxides by exhaust gas recirculation (i. e. EGR) and water injection in intake air, we have tested how much reduction is possible by using the precombustion chamber type diesel engine.
The engine was operated at five different speeds and its corresponding five loads, in addition, we attemped to employ 21 mode of 1971 Federal Emission Test Procedure and 13 mode of 1970 California Emission Test Procedure.
The nitric oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured with NDIR and NDUV.
Figs. 3, 10, and 12, show the effects of EGR rate and operating conditions on NO concentration.
The decrease in NO concentration with increase in EGR rate is larger at 3/4 load.
The CO concentration and exhaust smoke increases rapidly with increase in EGR rate at heavy loads as shown in Figs. 4, 7, and 11.
Fig. 9 illustrates that the water injection is one of the beneficial technique for this purpose.
Therefore, it can be said, that EGR and water injection are available methods for reduction of NO_x.

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[title in Japanese]

1973 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 124-129
Published: February 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.124

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