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Volume 58, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Kazumori KOYAMA1979 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 257-263
Published: April 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPetroleum coke is a by-product of gasoline from heavy residual oil by thermal cracking, and is used as raw material for carbon products.
The demand of the petroleum coke had been increasing steadily with the rise of its price up to 1974 at the time of “Oil Shock”; however, demand has been decreasing since then as an effect of economic recession. It is forecast that production of petroleum coke will increase regardless of the demand due to world-wide trend of demand for lighter fraction of the petroleum products and of supply of heavier crude.
Calcined coke is used as graphite electrode as well as Soderberg anode and prebaked anode for aluminium refining, and has a constant demand. However rapid increase by volume of demand can not be expected.
It will be of urgent importance to develop new usage as overproduction is anticipated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Takayoshi KIMURA, Kazuyoshi MORITA, Eiichi KIKUCHI, Yoshiro MORITA1979 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 264-272
Published: April 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSteam reforming of eight different residual oils was studied using a fluidized bed of dolomite at 900°C and atmospheric pressure. To elucidate the relationship between the chemical constituent of residual oils and their reactivity in steam reforming, each residual oil was separated into four costituents (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) by solvent extractions using anhydrous alumina column. Furthermore, a structural investigation was done on each constituent by way of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chemical structures were expressed in terms of number of carbon atoms with different nature and their distribution which were derived from proton distribution, elemental analyses and molecular weight data. In spite of a wide variety in the structure of feed oils, the gas yield increased proportionally as the content of saturates plus aromatics in the feed oils increased, showing that heavy fractions, resins and asphaltenes were hardly converted to gaseous products. It was shown by additional experiments using a flow system that the reactivity with steam of carbon deposited from saturates and aromatics was higher than that of deposited carbon: from resins and asphaltenes. Moreover, the reactivity of deposited carbon from a residual oil was found to be of the same magnitude with that of the carbon deposited from its saturate and aromatic fractions. It was concluded that steam reforming of residual oils mainly proceeded via highly reactive carbon deposited from their saturates and aromatics as an intermediate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Effects of Pressure on PyrolysisMitsunori MAKINO, Yuzo TODA, Tsutomu KATO, Hitohisa KATO, Mitsuo KOBAY ...1979 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 273-277
Published: April 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to make clear the effect of pressure on pyrolysis of coal, formation rates of gaseous products were measured using an anthracite as a sample under various pressures of 1-50atm, changing both the superficial velocity of inert gas and the height of coal bed. The sample was heated up to 900°C at a constant heating rate of 3.3°C/min.
No significant pressure effects on gaseous products were observed, while both the coal bed height and the superficial velocity of inert gas greatly influenced the rate of secondary methane formation above 600°C. It was found that the rate of secondary methane formation is proportional, both to the coal bed height and the reciprocal of superficial velocity.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Yoshiaki MIURA1979 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 278-292
Published: April 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe well-known GOST systems for classification of coking coal are used by each coal mine, but there are many deficiencies regarding their application to examine the interchangeability of coals.
Therefore, the unified classification system for USSR coals is presently being studied. Two methods for the unified classification are proposed, depending on discrepancies in classification parameters used; one is the system based on processing properties of coal (volatile matter, y index, etc.), the other is based on genetic properties of coal (maceral content, etc.).
Moreover, proposals by Dnepropetrovsk-groups and reports on classification trials for low-volatile non- or weakly-coking coals are mentioned in this report. At the end of the report, the characteristics and technological significance of classification parameters, which are the key points of coal classification, are reviewed and summarized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1838K) -
[in Japanese]1979 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 293-298
Published: April 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (891K) -
Tsuyoshi OGAWA1979 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 299-306
Published: April 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies on identification of kind of oils, their similarity and presumption of day elapsed were made by means of adsorption liquid chromatography. The chromatography analysis was carried out with the active silicagels. The experimental results were as follows:
(1) The accuracy of analytical values obtained was within ±1wt% of the average.
(2) Analytical data were obtained about the 51 kind of imported crude oils.
(3) The ratio of saturated/aromatic contents (Sa/Ar ratio) had enabled identifica tion of kind of oils.
(4) The elapsed day could be estimated by the increments of asphalt resin contents.
(5) The analytical results made it possible to presume the similarity of sample oils.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K)
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