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Successor
Volume 55, Issue 8
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 647
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (261K) -
Takashi Ono1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 648-655
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe year 1975 was a noteworthy year for Japan's energy policy in the sense that new general lines of energy policy were laid down by two important governmental organs concerned with energy policy.
Firstly, the General Energy Council, an advisory body to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), made a recommendation on government energy policies to the Minister on August 15, 1975 in a report entitled “Energy Stabilization Policy for the Coming Decade -A Choice for Stable Supply”. Secondly, the Ministerial Council on General Energy Policy, established in April 1975 with the Prime Minister and other important ministers, as members adopted a decision on the “Basic Direction of General Energy Policy”. In the Ministerial Council's decision is virtually reflected the essence of the report by the General Energy Council, and thus these together will guide the formulation and implementation of the country's energy policies in the coming decade.View full abstractDownload PDF (1376K) -
Japan Overseas Coal Development Co. Ltd.1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 656-665
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to decrease the dependence on petroleum and to proceed with the various decentralization of energy resources, the necessity of intentional promotion of developing and importing of overseas excessive coal resources has increased.
Then, as a part of feasibility studies, we have made the gathering of general information, the study of mining operation, proposed development plans of coal mines and its feasibilities in four countries of Australia, U. S. A., South Africa and India, to grasp the present conditions and proposed plans in future, and to survey the sources of overseas non-coking coal for import to Japan.
All of the areas where we have surveyed this time have high potential as non-coking coal fields, so it is effective and indispensable to continue the detailed studies and to employ our skillful coal mining technique in the development and import of those resources.View full abstractDownload PDF (1447K) -
Yorikazu Sonoda1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 666-675
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethane fermentation is caused by so-called methane bacteria which decompose organic matter mainly into methane and carbon dioxide. This anaerobic process has been well applied to the treatment of the sludge in sewage treatment works since early nineteen hundreds, and gradually to the treatment of various kinds of industrial waste water.
In Japan, shortly after the second war, this technique was utilized for the treatment of some industrial wastes, such as alcohol distillers waste water, where the outcoming methane has been served as part of the fuel at the plants.
Recently, researches for the methane fermentation of urban wastes or livestock wastes are vigorously promoting in various countries, aiming at the development of an alternative source of energy supply rather than of a mere treating method of wastes, reflecting the petroleum crisis.
Japan also has launched its research project regarding exploration of a new fuel production system from urban wastes by combination of methane fermentation and pyrolysis process, where a designing a demonstration plant 100t wastes per day is under way.
This research project is being promoted as one of the National R&D Programs (Large-Scale Project) by Ministry of International Trade and Industry.View full abstractDownload PDF (1790K) -
Coal and Petroleum-Derived Liquid and Solid FeedstocksShozo Nakaguchi1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 676-693
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSyngas and hydrogen will play increasingly important roles in the “hydrocarbon economy” for the several decades to come, bridging available resources and the optional energy forms that are acceptable to the Nation.
Gasification processes are classified ioto six categorie according to the patterns in supplying the required heat for reaction ; (1) autothermic, (2) cyclic, (3) multi-(finidized) beds, (4) externally heated, (5) chemically bridged (steam-iron versios), and (6) combined steam reforming/ (hydro-) cracking processes. of course, the classificatio is just arbitrary and most of the actual processes are combination of some of these approaches.
Delineation of the specific features and perspective on the future implications of each approaches are presented. The author is optimistic about the technical development in view of the present status of arts in gasification research and supporting technorogy. He urges that long-ranged deliberations on the optimal course to incorporate new hydrocarbon technologies into the societal framework will furnish the key to the future national security and welfare.
He suggests that the techniical and economical feasibility of syngas process options would be easily worked out by means of simulation studies. This is vital to augument the Nation's efforts towards the second-generation hydrocarbon conversion technology.View full abstractDownload PDF (2699K) -
Masami Takayasu, Kyoichi Kanzaki, Yoshiro Morita1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 694-703
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSulfur dioxide and nitric oxide were eliminated almost perfectly in the early stage on CuO-alumina catalyst containing 7wt% of Cu. The catalyst changed to sulfate as the result of the reaction with sulfur dioxide, which was favorable for the reaction of nitric oxide with ammonia. The degree of desulfurization decreased gradually with the formation of the sulfate.
The sulfate was regenerated to oxide with methane or propylene without deactivation. The activities for removal of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide did not changed by the repetition of reaction-regeneration procedure.
On the other hand, the activities were reduced to a great extent when the catalyst was treated with hydrogen. So, methane or propylene were preferable to hydrogen as a regeneration gas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1369K) -
Yasuhiro Yamada, Hidemasa Honda, Kenji Fukuda, Shoichi Oi1976 Volume 55 Issue 8 Pages 704-711
Published: August 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen pitch material was heat-treated at 350-450°C, carbonaceous mesophase spherules formed in the pitch. Mesophase spherules separated from the pitch as quinoline insoluble matter. The separated spherules were so-called meso-carbon microbeads (MC). Chemical reactivities of the MC were investigated from nitration, amination, chlorination and Friedle-Crafts reaction.
The following results are obtained.
1) Nitration or chlorination of the MC occures easily, and aminated MC is yielded nearly quantitavely by reduction of the nitsated MC.
2) Molecular weight of the MC based on a nitrogen atom in the nitrated MC is 100-170, this value shows that nitro group reacts not only with hydrocarbon existed the surface of the MC, but also with internal hydrocarbon.
3) Optically anisotropic nature of the MC do not change with reactions of nitration, amination or chlorination, but the MC is transfered optically isotropic one by Friedle-Crafts reaction.
4) From above mentioned results, it is recognized that molecules constructing the MC change easily these molecular structure with chemical reaction even if molecules are stacked in alignment in the MC.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K)
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