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Volume 67, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 363
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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Shunji SATO1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 364-373
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe theory of inorganic origin of petroleum was proposed mainly by chemists who could synthesize hydrocarbons in laboratorys. However, since biological markers which can be formed only by living organisms were discovered incrude oils, the theory of organic origin had recieved much support from many workers.
The direct origin from living organisms and proto petroleum origin in the theory of organic origin declined already because it was difficult to explane the primarymigration of the above origins. As a result, the theory of kerogen origin was raised rapidly. The kerogen is insoluble organic matter by soluvents, and contains over about 90 percent in sedimentary organic matter. Moreover, the kerogen generates hydrocarbons by the thermal distillation.
Petroleum source rocks and reservoir rocks are entitled for muddy rocks having abundant organic matter, and for sand stones or carbonates having high porosity and permeability, respectively.
Commercial oils were genetates by the thermal transformation of the ketogen in source rockes, migrated, and accumulated in reservoir rocks. A mechanism of the primary migration of oils from kerogen is explaned by the oil phase or gas phase transport.
Recently, immature oils were found in many fields. In this paper, possibility of the origin of immature oils is discussed, but the detailed study of this problem is required in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 374-375
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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Keizo FUJII1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 375-381
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe coal-bearing formations in the world are concentrated on three periods;
1) Late Carboniferous-Permian
2) Late Triassic-Jurassic
3) Late Cretaceous-Middle Miocene
The Carboniferous coal-bearing formations are found mainly in Europe and in eastern regions of North America, but the Permian coal-bearing formations are concentrated in Africa and Australia. The Triassic coal-bearing formations are concentrated in almost entirely in Asia. The Cretaceous coal-bearing formations are concentrated in western part of North America and the Pacific coast region. The Cenozoic coal-bearing formations are ubiquitous, but they have not been developed enough exept in North America.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Shunji SATO1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 382-387
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe world's oil found in the marine sediments of the sedimentary basin. The oil trends are usually in the area of most intimate association of source and reservoir facies.
Petroleum is found from most geologic ages and a world-wide area, but it is increasingly abundant in younger sediments than the Jurassic and in Middle East and Gulf of Mexico areas.
Since an increase in continental margins and restricted basins occurred when the continents split during the Jurassic, older oil fields are increasingly destroyed and the rate of sediment formation has changed over geologic time.
As a result, giant oil fields are distributed in Middle East and Gulf of Mexico where would be located in the shallow sea areas during the Jurassic-Cretaceous.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Kikuko HAYAMIZU, Masaru YANAGISAWA, Osamu YAMAMOTO1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 388-395
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the aromatic carbon ratio, fa, for coal liquids by using the quantitative 13C NMR method, it is important to add relaxation reagents to accelerate slow spin-lattice relaxation of the quatenary carbons and to use the gated 1H decoupling method to suppress NOE. Using the model compounds of coal liquids, the measuring conditions are determined to obtain reliable values from the quantitative analysis of 13C NMR.
The results obtained from the mixture of the model compounds were applied to the hydrogenated anthracene oil. Experimentally, the optimum measuring conditions of the quantitative analysis for the hydrogenated anthracene oil were determined for different concentrations of the solutions. A quantitative method to distinguish carbon types is also discussed and applied to the hydrogenated anthracene oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (870K) -
Tsukasa CHIKATA, Keiichi HAYAKAWA1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 396-404
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of gas-slurry ratio (G/L) on coal liquefaction reaction and on the gas-liquid equilibrium in the liquefaction reactor were studied using a small bench scale flow unit. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) Oil yields were increased with the increase of the G/L or/and the hydrogen partial pressure. From these results, equation (1) was obtained.
Y=A√PH2..(1)
where Y: oil yield [wt%, daf coal]
PH2: hydrogen partial pressure [kg/cm2]
G/L: gas/slurry ratio [l/l]
A, B, C: constants
(2) The increase of the G/L promotes the solvent vaporization, therefore it is evaluated that the effect of the increase of G/L on oil yields is caused by the increase of the residence time of the heavy fraction such as unreacted coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Hiroyuki MITSUFUJI, Tatsuro ARIYAMA1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 405-412
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new production process for Coal-Water-Mixture (CWM) has been suc-cessfully developed. It is characterized by high productivity per mill volume, and controllability of particle size distribution using a stirred ball mill and a roll mill. From the operation of a 300kg/hr plant, the following characteristics have been confirmed:
(1) The particle size distribution can be controlled by mixing different-sized balls in the stir-red ball mill.
(2) The power requirement of the stirred ball mill is 40-60kWhr/t·coal. This is com-parable to a conventional tube mill.
(3) The coarsest particles can be effectively eliminated by using the roll mill, instead of using a screen.
(4) The measurements of the rheograms and settling tests done over a six week period show-ed that the CWM produced by this process had good slurriability and stability.
In addition, We determined that the Davcra Cell Coal Cleaning process can be applied to CWM preparation. Further investigation showed that a Davcra Cell characterized by formation of fine air bubbles proved to be efficient in the cleaning of fine coal particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K) -
Isao MOCHIDA, Atsushi YUFU, Kinya SAKANISHI, Xing Zhe ZHAO, Osamu OKUM ...1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 413-417
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thermal stabilities of two coal liquid vacuum residues produced from Morwell brown coal under the conditions of 430°C-20min and-60min (abbreviated as CLVR-M1 and-M2, respectively) were studied to compare their structure and composition. CLVR-M1 lost its HI-BS and BI-THFS fractions from 65 to 40%, gaining more THFI fraction (15→38%) by the heattreatment at 300°C for 10h under nitrogen flow. In contrast, CLVR-M2 gained both of HS and THFI fractions from 11 to 17% and from 11 to 21%, respectively, by the same treatment. The heattreatment under pressure of nitrogen at 300°C or with tetrahydrofluoranthene (4HFL) at 450°C increased the HS fraction of both CLVRs with decreas-ing their THFI fraction, although the extent of depolymerization was larger for CLVR-M2 than that for CLVR-M1.
Such thermal stabilities reflect their structure. CLVR-M1 contained more amounts of heavier fractions than CLVR-M2. The lighter fractions (HS and HI-BS) of the former residue carried more alkyl groups to initiate radical reactions and less naphthenic rings for the hydrogen donation. The BI-THFS fraction of CLVR-M1 carried more oxygen-containing groups.
Such structural characteristic may be reasons of its higher polycondensation-reactivity and more difficulty for the hydrogen transferring depolymerization.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 418-429
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 430-434
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 438
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (122K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 439
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (140K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 440
Published: June 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (143K)
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