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Volume 66, Issue 2
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[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 93
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1527K) -
Hiroshi ISHIKAWA1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 94-106
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo Japanese electric power utilities, Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (CGCC) power generation is located as the major electric source following the nuclear power generation early in 21 century. We have evaluated CGCC possesses the various excellent characteristics from the following point of view:
(1) Highly efficient and scale up
(2) Flexibility of feed stock
(3) Low environmental pollution
(4) Load following
In the situation, we actively cooperates with the Government and are carrying out the R&D projects on coal gasification, hot gas clean-up, gas turbine and total system as the priority projects.
This paper describes the outline of the each technology and the main results we have already conducted as follows:
(1) System technology Overall evaluation of 8 type entrained CGCC plant and the selection of the optimal plant
(2) Gasification technology R & D status of two stage pressurized entrained bed gasifier which has been selected as the process development unit of 200 t/d pilot plant
(3) Hot gas clean-up technologyR & D status of dust removal system of porous filter type and desulfurization system of honeycomb fixed bed type
(4) Gas turbine component technology Outline of the test facility under construction and R&D status of ceramic combustor and vaneView full abstractDownload PDF (4223K) -
Sulfate Sulfur and Pyritic SulfurTatsuo KIMURA1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 107-113
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSulfate sulfur and pyritic sulfur in coals are widely analyzed by ISO method. However, it is not adequate for the analyses of many coal samples because of its time-consuming. Therefore, X-ray fluorescence is applied to the determinations of these two sulfur forms to develop the rapid analytical methods. Sulfate sulfur is extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid from coal, precipitated as barium sulfate and determined by measuring the sulfur Kα intensity of barium sulfate collected on membrane filter. Pyritic iron is extracted with dilute nitric acid from the residual coal after the extraction of sulfate sulfur, precipitated as hydroxide or carbamate and determined by measuring the iron Kα intensity of the precipitate collected on membrane filter. Pyritic sulfur is determined by calculating the amount of sulfur associated with pyritic iron. It is noteworthy that reagents of heavy metal compounds are never used for pyritic sulfur analysis by X-ray fluorescence. Accordingly any attention is not necessary to the treatment of toxic waste water containing heavy metal elements except barium.
Experiments were carried out with 23 coal samples of various ranks from lignite to anthracite by both X-ray fluorescence and ISO method. Any significant difference is not found between the two methods for both analytical results of sulfate sulfur and pyritic sulfur. The sensitivity limit of X-ray fluorescence method is lower than that of ISO method for each form of sulfur.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Effects of Coal NatureChaoran DENG, Hiroshi MORITOMI, Yuzo SANADA, Tadatoshi CHIBA1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 114-120
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an extension of our previous work, similar experiments were conducted on the effect of coal nature on change of apparent viscosity of coal/tetralin slurry during liquefaction under 10.1 MPa hydrogen atmosphere and at heating and cooling rates mainly of 10 K /min. So far were employed six different coals with the size of-100 mesh and carbon content ranging from 65.8 to 86.6. For some coals a sharp peak, similar to the previous case for Akabira coal, was observed in the viscosity-time curve during heating. The peak height was well correlated with the weight ratio of quinoline soluble-benzene insoluble (QS-BI) fraction to benzene insoluble (BI) fraction. The peaks were found to appear when the ratio exceeded about 40 wt%. However, for Miike coal/tetralin slurry, no peak was detected despite of its ratio [QS-BI] / [BI] being 73wt% while the peak did appear when tetralin was replaced by indan, suggesting the viscosity change to depend not only on the ratio but also on the solubility of QS-BI fraction to solvent. Thus, the peak height was related to the difference between solubility parameters of QS-BI fraction and solvent. The result showed that the peak ap-pearedfor combinations of coal and solvent with the difference greater than 2 (cal/cm3) 1/2.View full abstractDownload PDF (681K) -
Yang Duk PARK, Sao MOCHIDA1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 121-127
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSRC was co-carbonized with hydropyrene (CHP) using a tube bomb under pressurized nitrogen gas (5kg/cm2G) to prepare needle-like coke. Although the carbonization of SRC made mosaic coke under atmospheric as well as pressurized nitrogen gas, the co-carbonization at 500 °C for 3hr with a mixing ratio of 40 to 60 wt% CHP enhanced the development of anisotropic texture and increased the size of optical texture. Co-carbonization of CHP with SRC enabled us to increase significantly the coke yield of CHP.
The carbonization of CHP under pressure yeilded a pitch-like materials, which contained needle-like crystals in the major isotropic matrix. The chemical constituents in the pitch derived from hydropyrene were analyzed by means of solvent extraction, gel-permeation chromatography and field desorption mass spectroscopy to reveal the chemical changes during co-carbonization.
The increase of the coke yield from CHP is ascribed to the some dehydrogenative condensation of CHP, into trimers and tetramers of pyrene units by SRC constituents. Their roles in the co-carbonization are discussed from views of the carbonization reactivity and physical properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (6168K) -
Toshimitsu SUZUKI, Mitsuo YASUHISA, Toshihiro ANDO, Yoshihisa WATANABE1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 128-133
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catalytic activities of group IVb organometallic compounds for the hydroliquefaction of Wandoan coal were compared.
Among the group IVb organometallic compounds tetrabutyl-stannane exhibited the highest catalytic activity followed by tetrabutylgermane and tetraphenyllead. Organosilcon compounds, however, did not show any catalytic activity.
Effect of hydrogen partial pressure and the amount of catalyst on the liquefaction yield were more pronouncedly observed for less active Ge and Pb based catalyst.
From the change in the product distribution against reaction time, n-Bu 4 Ge based catalyst seems to promote direct paths from coal to preasphaltene, asphaltene, and oil fractions, rather than step wise process such as;
Coal→Preasphaltene→Asphaltene
Germanium oxide exhibited poor catalytic activity on the hydroliquefaction of the coal.
Well dispersed state of metallic Ge or Pb derived from organometallic compounds could be responsible for the higher catalytic activities of organometallic based catalyst.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Takaaki SHIMOHARA, Isao MOCHIDA1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 134-142
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCalcium and magnesium ions in Morwell brown coal were found to be almost completely removed by the extraction at room temperature for lh with aq. 1M ammonium acetate or aq. 0.1M acetic acid. Although the removal of ferric ions was rather limited, the improved carbonization properties of the coal in the co-carbonization with A240 or HA240 were comparable with those of the same coal treated with 1N hydrochloric acid.
Such a weakly acidic or neutral solution is suitable for the practical process, since neither corrosion or carrier-over of unfavourable anions takes place, although amounts of ammonium ions were included in the treated coal.
Such treatment removed the divalent cations from higher ranking coals to a variable extent, improving their carbonization properties, although their whole ash content was hardly diminished.
Complexation of acetic anion and better wettability of such a organic acid against the hydrophobic surface of coals may be a reason for the effective extraction of cations in the coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (2667K) -
Junkichiro DAI1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 143-148
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConsidering the state quantities for combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel, which are expressed utilizing the results of the gas analysis for dry emission, the state quantities cannot be determined only by measuring ingredients concentration with regard to carbon present. If we solve an simultaneous equation of many unknown for ingredients concentration formula, the fuel composition index remain not only in the mole fraction of carbon dioxide and carbon present but also in excess air ratio for normal method with carbon present in the combustion products. Fortunately, this problem can be solved by a manageable technique which uses fuel index φ0, simplifying the procedure without carbon present in the combustion products. This technical note is the series of nomograms which are formed by giving the φ0.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K) -
Keiji MIKI, Yoshiki SATO, Kazutoshi IMUTA, Yoshio YAMADA, Minoru SHIRA ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 149-155
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrotreatment of coal derived liquid, obtained from the hydroextraction of Taiheiyo coal at 450&, was performed using a fixed bed reactor with Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst at 375-450& under 150kgcm2 G of hydrogen pressure.
The SRC conversion increased by raising reaction temperature from 36. 8% (375&) to 83. 6% (450 &), indicating a slightly higher conversion than that from the experiment using Co-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst
The 13C-nmr and GC analyses of hydrotreated oil exhibited that an appropriate amount of cycloalkanes, i. e. decalin and bicyclohexyl derivatives, was produced from hydrogenation of aromatic ring. The results suggest higher hydrogenation activity of Ni-Mo /Al2O3 compared with that of Co-Mo/Al2O3.Denitrogenation in the distilled oil and SRC was not completed even at a higher reaction temperature, but oxygen atom in the SRC was removed above 400&.
The 13C-CP/MAS-nmr of carbonaceous deposit on the catalyst recovered after the hydroextrac-tion reaction at 400 and 375&showed the signals that were assigned to aromatic methyl and aromatic carbons binding to oxygen and nitrogen. The observation suggests that O and N containing materials were selectively absorved on the catalyst surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (604K) -
[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 156-162
Published: February 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1008K)
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