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Volume 59, Issue 10
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[in Japanese]1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 789-790
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (355K) -
Hiroo TOMINAGA1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 791-802
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the demands for heavy fuel oil in power stations and some factories will be replaced by atomic power or coal, the residual oils are to be alloted to more noble uses such as transportation fuels and chemicals.The technologies should be developed in the context of the product markets as well as of the characteristics of the residual oils.It is emphasized that the correlation between the reactivity and structure of the residual oils should be elucidated as far as possible.Some experimental works along with the above are introduced and the kinetics and mechanisms of hydrocarbon pyrolysis and catalytic hydro-denitrification are discussed for better understanding of and hence virtual progress in the upgrading process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1765K) -
Toshiaki MURATA1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 803-821
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFirst of all, the present writer has described several Coal Cleaning Technics, dividing into two methods, which substantially mean de-ashing and desulfurization (See Table 2 and Table 4.).
As to de-ashing, he has explained from the genealogy of minerals in coal (See Table 1.), and explained from the forms of sulfur in coal about desulfurization (See Table 6.).
Concerning the Oil Agglomeration Process by the present writer et al.(See Fig.2 and Fig.3), he has added the remarkable basic data (See Fig.6, Table 3, Fig.8 and Photo.1-6.).
Secondly, he has described the pre-treatment technics of brown coal, in connection with the coalification reaction of synthetic coal and the improvement reaction of low coal-ranks coal (See Fig.12 and Fig.13).
Lastly, in relation to the characterization of coal, he has suggested the use of coal-bands (for example Fig.5 and Fig.14) which substantially mean empirical formulae, and the use of the calorific values formulae of Table 7 which reflect the structure of coal (for example Fig.1), because the unitary indication of Cwt % is insufficient in the case of the investiga-tion of coals all over the world, especially of China and Australia coals contained many heterogeneous coals, namely China Jurassic Period coals, Australia Permian Period coals and so on (See Table 7, Fig.5 and Fig.14.).
What is more important, can judge by the formulae of Table 7, the qualitative differ-ences which can be regarded as the differences of isomers of chemical compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (2988K) -
Takeshi SAKAI, Masahiro SAITO1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 822-832
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCombustion behaviour and characteristics of a COM (Coal-Oil Mixture) droplet were investigated experimentally.A single COM droplet was suspended at the end of a fine Pt-Pt·Rh thermocouple and ignited spontaneously (selfignition).
The results showed that the combustion of COM differed from that of volatile fuels.The burning process was classified into the following two steps: (1) the gasification combus-tion of volatile matter, and (2) the solid combustion of residual carbon.
The duration time of solid combustion was several times as long as that of gasifica-tion and it occupied a major part of the over-all combustion process.
It was found that the coefficient of over-all burnig rate for a COM droplet was about one half to one third that of heavy fueloils.From the results, it is estimated that the combus-tionperformance of COM spray will be reduced, compared with the actual heavy fuel oil combustion, when the same size droplets are burned.View full abstractDownload PDF (2480K) -
Toshimasa HIRAMA, Tomio ADACHI, Minoru TOMITA, Katsuhiko TAKAMTSU, Tad ...1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 833-840
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAxial concentration profiles of NH3 and NOx were measured in a two-stage fluidized-bed combustor and effects of NH3 injection into the combustor at various positions were experimentally evaluated for Nox reduction.
The values of NOx emission from the first-stage bed was shown to decrease with decreasing the primary air ratio, while NH3 emission increased up to 3 to 5 times that of NOx at the primary air ratio of 0.7.In the first-stage freeboard NH3 decomposed very rapidly and only apart of NH3 remained available for subsequent NOx reduction.
NOx emission increased by NH3 injection at any position where the residual oxygen concentration is appreciable.Although a fair extent of NOx reduction was observed when conciderable amount of NH3 was injected into the second-stage freeboard, the contribution of NH3 to NOx reduction was generally small.
In conclusion, it was indicated for reducing NOx emission that the first-stage freeboard should be long enough to decompose NH3 completely before it enters the second-stage and that the concentration of oxygen contacting NH3 should be minimized by means of partial feed of secondary air.View full abstractDownload PDF (1100K) -
Isamu MINAMISAWA, Nobuyuki OKUI, Takehiko YAMADA, Kinji HAMAMURA, Sada ...1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 841-848
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSASP is a special caking pitch which has been producted from asphalt by the heat with high temperature steam.
In order to confirm the effects of ASP on the carbonization, as the briquette binder, a few researches were conducted.In this paper, these results of research and operation on the industrial scale are described.
1) There are two methods for using ASP.
One is blending ASP and non-coking coal without briquetting to ordinary prepared coal.
2) The other is socalled briquetting method and the briquette is made from the mixture consisting of ASP, tar, non-coking coal and coking coal.
In this case ASP is available not only as briquette binder, but also as the substance to improve the coking effects of non-coking coal on carbonization.
3) These methods for using ASP have been in operation on the industrial scale since 1975 and the blending ratio of non-coking coal was 23-25% by weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (1053K) -
Junkichiro DAI1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 849-860
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, the author attempts to employ three coordinates in representing the theoretical study of hydrocarbon fuel combustion phenomena.
We compare method“A”, in which supplied air is represented by a function of burn-ing rate, with method“B”, which is normal.
The carbon present in the combustion products is not considered in this report.
Therefore, it can be illustrated that theoretical air, combustion efficiency and concentra-tion of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the wet or dry products are expressed as the characteristic surface with burning rate and fuel composition.
It is found that surfaces intersect usually at a particular curve.
The equations of these curves may be obtained by equating the equation of any two surfaces.
By varying the excess air ratio or fuel composition, this curve is removed and the surface is formed.These results suggest the beneficial use for low quality fuel and suitable control of air flow rate with improvement in performance.
The maximum difference among the constituents content actually obtained by dry emission and theoretical wet products, is acquired by equating partial differential with respect to one variable on the equations.
Practically, each performance factors may be found from the results of the gas analy-sis for dry emission.
However, since these treatments are too complicated it seems that, an easier method of evaluation can be established by utilizing the series of alignment charts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1461K) -
Hiroshi UCHIDA, Waichiro IDZUTSU, Yoshimichi TSURU, Tatsuya KAWADA, Da ...1980 Volume 59 Issue 10 Pages 861-869
Published: October 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLiquid redox desulfurization using a packed regeneration column instead of a bubbling regeneration column has been studied in Takahax process.The measurements of desulfurization have been made on a laboratory apparatus for 2.3Nm3/hr coal gas and two pilot plants for 500 and 2, 500Nm3/hr coal gas.The experimental results indicated that the packed regeneration column has more excellent performance than the usual bubbling regeneration column.Accordingly, in the liquid redox desulfurization process using the packed regeneration column, it is possible to produce treated gas of very high purity even at a large quantity of H2S.Furthermore, the solution-flow rate exerts in influences on H2S removal coefficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1222K)
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