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Volume 68, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 177
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (206K) -
The Fuel Society of Japan Synthetic Fuel Division1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 178-189
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing by use of energy in the world, and the scientific theory suggests that addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere will alter the global climate.
So, We made the investigation on the greenhouse effect on the earth by carbon dioxide, and summarized the countermeasures offered by the members of the committee.View full abstractDownload PDF (1681K) -
Takashi IBUSUKI1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 190-199
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are considered to contribute to depletion of stratospheric ozone and the amount of CFCs production/consumption will be reduced according to Montreal Protocol this year.
Here, the following current scientific knowledges concerning this global air pollution problem are reviewed.
1) Formation of stratospheric ozone layer, especially some key chemical reactions in the stratosphere
2) Chemical reactions of CFCs in the stratosphere
3) Behavior of CFCs in the troposphere
4) Trend of total ozone concentration, deduced from observed data for ca. 30 years
5) Model calculations on the future ozone trend
6) Countermeasures for reduction of CFCsView full abstractDownload PDF (1254K) -
Tsumugu TOTSUKA1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 200-209
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent situations of forest damage in the United States and in Europe were outlined. From the data it was indicated that foliar injury or inhibition of growth of plants were detected by the exposure to acid rain below pH 3.0. Effects of acid rain on forest ecosystems were summarized as follows: (1) Depositions of air pollutants on forest floors were much larger in coniferous forests than in broadleaved forests, (2) Base cation leaching from leaf surface and soil layers were increased by acid rain below pH 4.(3) Extractions of exchangeable Al from soil were increased below 5 in soil pH in acidic brown forest soil, where the deposition of SO4-S of 100gS/m2 land area will decrease to 5 in soil pH. It was estimated that the mentioned amount of SO4-S deposition will attain in 30 years in cryptomeria forests and in 40 years in Quercus forests in Tokyo. However, several possibilities to induce forest decline have been proposed by resent works in U. S. and in Europe, where principal pathways to cause forest decline are still unclarified. Perspectives of future needs of countermeasures in our country were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1271K) -
Kunihiko NISHIOKA, Shuuhei YOSHIDA1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 210-217
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the evaluation of the swelling pressure upon the coke oven wall during carbonization, it is necessary to make precise estimation of generated swelling pressure under the softening state of coal.
Swelling pressure of softened coals was measured by a modified Audibert-Arnu dilatometer under different packing densities and heating rates for five kinds of coals with different coalification ranks. By the use of experimentally determined two parameters (M and V), the swelling pressure (P, kg/cm2) can be expressed as follows:
P=94.4 (M-0.3) 1.23· (V-1) 1.26
Swelling pressures of coals in different coal pretreatment processes were calculated by the equation. For a coal pretreatment process accompanied with high bulk density, a reduction of caking property of the charged coal is necessary due to the high swelling pressure generated.View full abstractDownload PDF (936K) -
Kiyoshi MASHIMO, Toshitaka YAZAWA, Tohru WAINAI1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 218-225
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChinese Tatung coal ground by human strength was divided into materials with various grain sizes by a separation procedure using sieves. The influence of grain sizes on straight-chain alkanes and straight-chain fatty acids in pyridine-solubles obtained from the materials was examined by referring to the yields and the constituent distributions of those compounds. In addition, humic substance of pyridine-insoluble residue obtained after the pyridine extraction was treated with hydrochloric acid, the influence of the sizes on the treatment was also discussed from the changes of ash contents before and after the treatments, and the yields and the distributions of straight-chain fatty acids derived from the deashed humins.
The conclusions are as follows.
1. The amounts and the constituent distributions of alkanes and free straight-chain fatty acids in materials differ from one another, so it is thought that the proportion of macerals existing in each material varies for the difference of hardness of macerals.
2. In the materials, the amount of inorganic substances other than metallic cations associated with fatty acids increases with the decrease of the grain sizes.
3. The carbon number distributions of aliphatic structure moiety in straight-chain fatty acids associated with metallic cations are little affected by the grain sizes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1016K) -
Hiroki SADAMORI, Seiichi ITO, Hiroshi JINNO1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 226-235
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKinetic studies of methane in a microreactor were carried out to clarify the reaction mechanism of a diffusive catalytic combustion burner for city gas using a combustion catalyst composed of porous alumina fibers impregnated with rhodium. Fresh catalysts, H2S treated catalysts and life test catalysts were all tested in oxidation, steam reforming and cracking reactions under conditions similar to those of the burner. The results show that there are two kinds of oxidation mechanisms: one is complete oxidation under high oxygen pressure in which oxygen is dissociatively adsorbed over rhodium, the other is partial oxidation under a lower oxygen pressure in which highly active oxygen interacts with rhodium to produce CO and H2. The partial oxidation is assumed to be the predominant methane reaction within the burner because of its high rate. Since any steam reforming reaction was perfectly poisoned by sulfur and a carbon-producing cracking reaction was not observed, these two reactions are assumed to be unimportant in the burner.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
Hideo FUTAMI, Ryoichi HASHIMOTO, Hiroshi UCHIDA1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 236-243
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a new catalyst for steam reforming plant using tubular reactor and also developed a new method for reaction analysis using simulation model of the reactor, which is needed for designing a reforming furnace.
The new catalyst consists of Ruthenium as active metal and Ag2O, La2O3 as promoters supported on α-Al2O3 as carrier. In the bench scale test, this catalyst was found that it had high activity at low temperature and the property to suppress carbon deposition even though the steam ratio was as much as 2. 0 (H2O-mol/C-mol), when LPG (C4H10) was fed to the reactor as feedstock.
On the pilot scale plant with a reactor of 4-inches diameter, we found that olefins which was produced by catalytic cracking of LPG were detected on the new catalyst much less than on the conventional Ni-catalysts, while methane was detected much more. We have also made sure that the durability of the new catalyst were satisfactory through the long term operation for more than 2400 hours.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K) -
Isao MOCHIDA, Atsushi YUFU, Kinya SAKANISHI, Xing Zhe ZHAO, Osamu OKUM ...1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 244-248
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acid pretreatment to remove ash minerals in ionic forms from coal liquid vacuum residues was examined under reflux conditions with 10% MeOH/1N HCl solution. The acid treatment improved the solubilities of the asphaltene and preasphaltene fractions in the residues, increasing the oil and asphaltene fractions, respectively, although the difference between the two residues (produced at shorter and longer reaction times) was not so significant, indicating that metal ions, which remain in the asphaltene and preasphaltene, may be hardly removed at the primary liquefacti4on stage, even though physical deashing methods such as gravity and floatation separations are applied.
The acid-treated fractions were depolymerized to smaller molecules by releasing oxygen-containing groups through the removal of metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ which bridge the macromolecule chains through the oxygen-containing groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 249-256
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1091K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 259
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (249K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 260-261
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (373K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 262
Published: March 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (151K)
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