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Volume 54, Issue 8
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[in Japanese]1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 635-636
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1647K) -
Kusuyata Tanaka1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 637-643
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClassical methods to find energy losses in a plant are heat balance and availability balance.
These methods have respectively their defects. In this paper, a modified availability balance is introduced.
By availability balance, ideal process is reversible one, and energy losses at an unit operation are indicated by irreversibility occured in the operation. It might be possible to operate a plant reversibly, as anideal limit. But there exist processes which can not be operated, in technical sense, reversibly, even as a limit. Combustion by power plant is taken as example. It may be possible to get power by fuel cell, by which combustion is not taken place. But fuel cell is very expensive, and it is impossible to apply it for large power plant. So, at steam plant, it is more reasonable than usual availability balance, to use vaailability balance under such restriction that it is impossible to get power from fuel without passing process of combustion. This way of thinking can be applied also for processes other than combustion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K) -
Tohru Watanabe1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 644-652
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aluminium industry in Japan has faced the most serious problems since the oil crisis, especially by the steeply rising cost of electric power and carbon materials. Although smelters of our country hold fine techniques in the world with respect to pot operation and pot life, the shortage in resources has upset these predominances. Greater efforts, therefore, should be directed to energy conservation, material economization and labour saving.
This report describes the recent topics on anode materials for aluminium smelting, such as coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, pitch coke and petroleum coke. Solvent refined coal, which is a possible new source for anode material, is also introduced. Recent reports on Soderberg paste are reviewed in terms of the modification of binder, the role of fine coke in formulation and the effect of carbon black as an additive. Influences of uneven baking temperature of prebake anodes in a ring furnace upon the electrolytic operations are also reviewed. Various properties required for cathode carbon block and deterioration phenomena of carbon lining of the pots are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Takeshi Saito1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 653-660
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lead-free gasoline was begun to distribute from February, 1975 in our country following to U. S. A. Two pump system was accepted with unleaded regular and leaded premium gasoline to prevent valve seat recessions of used cars until further notice. In this paper the need of lead-free gasoline for 1975 automobile emision legislation and some problems from this acceptance are discussed. The catalyzer deactivation by trace lead from the contaminations, motor octane number of high aromatic fuel and road octane reguirement increase, and the fnfluence of fuel composition on the exhaust emission are described and the future “ideal” fuel is considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
Motoo Kimura1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 661-676
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the relation between composition of motor gasoline, especially aromatic and olefin contents, and air-pollutants in automotive emission, that is carbon mono-oxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides, polynuclear aromatics, aldehyde, phenol, sulfur oxides and so on.
It is summaried as follows.
Though compositions of motor gasolines are changed more or less, air pollutants from automotive emission and their photochemical reactivety are scarcely changed. By use of emission control device, the effect of composition of gasoline is very small.
Summary of lead phase-out plan of motor gasoline, which is carring into at present, is described. It is shown that composition of gasoline is scarecely changed by lead phase out of motor gasoline.View full abstractDownload PDF (1767K) -
Mikio Morita, Kunio Hirosawa1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 677-683
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrocracking of destructive chemical disintegration extracts under hydrogen pressure of Hokkaido coals has been studied at the reaction temperature of 425°C, the hydrogen pressure of about 200kg/cm2, and the reaction time of 1 hr., using 1l rotary type autoclave and a massive quantity of zinc chloride catalyst.
Hokkaido coals' extracts could be easily and effectively hydrocracked into low boiling distillable fraction at the above reaction condition.
By the differance of extracts obtained from differant coals and at the differant extraction temperatures notable feature or relation could not be found in gaseous and liquid products.
But it was very feature that in-230°C fraction aromatics were contained in a great quantity and olefines were negligible and that in gaseous product iso-butane was in a large quantity comparable with n-butane.
Further, the components in-150°C fraction and aromatics in 150-230°C fraction were analysed gas-chromatographycally.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
Masami Takayasu, Kyoichi Kanzaki, Yoshiaki An-nen, Yoshiro Morita1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 684-689
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the reduction of NO with NH3, Cu, V, Cr, Fe, Mo, Cu-Cr oxide catalysts supported on γ-alumina show high activities even in the presence of O2, SO2 and H2O.
Effects of O2 and SO2 are investigated in detail in the presence of Cu or Cr-alumina catalyst. The promotive action of O2 for the reduction of NO with NH3 is observed at lower temperature (200-300°C), but unobserved at higher temperature (400°C). Then NO2 is slightly formed by the oxidation of NO or NH3, but is not formed when SO2 is present.
SO2 poisons the active center of NO reduction with NH3 and reduces considerably the amount of adsorbed NO and NH3 on the Cu-alumina catalyst. Further, SO2 poisons the active center of NO or NH3 oxidation. At higher temperature (400°C), it is considered that the Cu-Alumina catalyst is made gradually sulfate by adsorbed SO2 in the system of NO-NH3-O2-SO2.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
1975 Volume 54 Issue 8 Pages 698-701
Published: August 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (531K)
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