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Volume 66, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 169
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1447K) -
Minoru FUJITA1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 170-182
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTar sand oil is one of valuable hydrocarbon resources with approximate 1.57 trillion bbl of reserve found in Canada.
Two mining methods, viz. open pit mining and insitu recovery method, are currently commercialized and the latter will predominate in future. Two companies, Syncrude and Suncor, are now commercially producing synthetic crude oil from tar sand oil in Canada, but their liquid product yield is relatively low because of rather high coke yield. AOSTRA is studying various upgrading processes.
In Japan, Research Association for Petroleum Alternatives Development (RAPAD) was organized under the sponsorship of MITI and this association has been engaged in development of upgrading technology of tar sand oil for the past 8 years, starting from 1980 with excellent results. Problems and countermeasures in production of tar sand oil and their import to Japan are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2445K) -
Yoshiro MORITA, Guosun JI, Itaru SAKAI, Masahiko MATSUKATA, Eiichi KIK ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 183-188
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSteam gasification of several kinds of oil shales was investigated under the conditions of 750-950°C and atmospheric pressure using a fluidized bed reactor. Oil shale was supplied to the reactor in a batch-wise manner after the reactor was heated to a desired temperature. When compared with pyrolysis, the effect of steam was manifested at the temperatures above 850°C to give fuel or synthesis gas. The produced gas was consisted of H2, CO, CO2, and C1-C5 hydrocarbons. The initial stage of the reaction seems to be a rapid pyrolysis of oil shale, which is followed by the slow reaction taking place between steam and coke deposited on the shale. Total gas yield hardly depended on the feeding rate of steam, while the fraction of H2 and CO2 increased with increasing feed rate of steam due to the contribution of the water-gas shift reaction. Total gas yield was markedly increased by use of potassium carbonate as a catalyst. It is considered that oil vapor released from oil shale in the initial pyrolysis and, moreover, the deposited coke are gasified by the action of the catalyst. Potassium carbonate catalyst supported on alumina catalyzed gasification more effectively than supported directly on the oil shale itself. The product gas from the catalytic gasification was more abundant with H2 compared with uncatalyzed gasification.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K) -
Yasuo OHTSUKA, Zheng-Yu WANG, Akira TOMITA1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 189-195
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe removal of mineral matter from four coals was attempted by using caustic digestion followed by acid washing. A mild treatment at 460 K was found enough to remove most minerals without losing heating value of coal. X-ray diffraction measurements of low temperature-and high temperature-ashes of both raw and treated coals revealed the chemical form of minerals which were difficult to be removed. The reduction of Si and Al content was proportional to the ash reduction, but the removal of Fe and Ca components strongly depended on the type of minerals. The degree of desulfurization was also determined. It was found that pyritic sulfur was easily removed but other type of sulfur seemed to be almost unaffected by the present treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
Masahiro SHISHIDO, Hiroshi INOMATA, Kunio ARAI, Shozaburo SAITO1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 196-203
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSupercritical gas extraction of Taiheiyo coal has been investigated using toluene, toluene-tetralin mixtures, toluene-quinoline mixtures, and water as solvents with semi-batch type apparatus.
Regardless of the solvents used, extraction yield and conversion increased with an increase in extraction pressure and reached a maximum at about 20MPa. For toluene, a maximum in extraction yield occurred at a temperature around 350°C, and a nearly linear relation was observed between the conversions and temperature in the range of 330 to 380°C.
Extraction of coal gave three products: coal extract, tar, and gas. Small amounts of tetralin or quinoline added to the toluene solvent increased coal extract yield remarkably but conversion only increased slightly. Water gave a higher proportion of gas whereas toluene gave more tar. It was found that the distribution of these products could be controlled by changing the solvent species.
The coal extract was rich in volatile matter and was a pitch-like material having a softening point of about 100°C. The extracted material (coal extract and tar) was pyridine soluble matter and consisted of almost only asphaltene (>90wt%). The molecular structure of the coal extract became more condensed with increasing temperature, pressure and extraction time. The extraction mechanism could be explained using a two-component structure model.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Tomio OHYANAGI, Seiji MATSUMOTO1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 204-209
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this work is to provide information about combustion characteristics of a small piece of wood exposed to high temperature air stream. The experiments have been carried out by using four kind of woods with different densities. Ignition times and burning times of wood samples were measured by varying the shape, size and the moisture content of them. The air temperature was varied from 530 to 875°C, and the air velocity from 0.9 to 7.2m/s, and the moisture content from 0 to 57%. The results indicated that the ignition time was extremely influenced by the temperature, the velocity and the moisture content. The effect of the velocity and the sample weight on the burning time was remarkable, and the temperature had little influence.(τi+τb) /W versus water content was a near linear function.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Shigeaki KASAOKA, Eiji SASAOKA, Masato INARI, Norimasa SADA1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 210-223
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dovelopment of high-temperature desulfurizing absorbent-typedenitrification catalysts for the simultaneous removal of H25 and NH3 were investigate to contribute to the abatement of SQx·Ox emission in the multi-step fluidized bed coal combustion and coal gasification combined cycle electric powerplants.
The desulfurizing absorbent-type denitrification catalysts prepared, were composed of multi-components (active catalyst for NH3 decomposition, desulfurizing absorbent for H2S, and sup-portmaterial). Fe was used as a catalyst for decomposition of NH3 to H2 and N2, BaO andCaO as absorbents forH2S, and Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and MgO as supports. Inlet reaction gases were mixtures of various composition of H2S (0, 600ppm), COS (0, 500Ppm), SO2 (0, 500ppm), NH3 (0, 500ppm), HCN (0, 500ppm), NO (0, 500ppm), H2 (0, 2.5%), CO (0-10%), CO2 (0-5%), H2O (0-10%) and N2 balanced. The experiments were carried out using a flow type packed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at700-950°C.
The main results obtained are as follows:
1) The catalysts containingBaO have considerably higher reactivity with H2S than the catalysts containingCaO.
2) BaO andCaO form the compound-metal oxides with Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2, except MgO.
3) In a series of catalysts containing the same kinds of desulfurizing absorbent and support, the catalysts where absorbent/support mole ratio is nearly equal to the composition of the compound-metal oxide, give the highest activity for NH3 decomposition, respectively.
4) ExcessBaO freed from the compound-metal oxides give higher reactivity withH2S, but the coexistence of support is required for both the elevation of catalytic activity for NH3 decomposition and the regeneration stability ofcatalysts.
5) 5wt%Fe/ [BaO (70mol%)-Al2O3 (30mol%)] is the most preferable catalyst for not only the simultaneous removal H2S (COS) and NH3, but the regeneration stability of catalysts.
6) The suitable regeneration procedure is to oxidize BaSformed to BaSO4 with H2O (8.5%)-O2 (18.5%)-N2 at 800°C, and then to convert BaSO4 to BaO (BaCO3) with H2 (5%)-CO2 (33.3%)-H2O (33.3%)-N2 at 800°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
Harumi KAGA, Kunihiro KITANO, Shohei TAKEDA1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 224-230
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaiheiyo coal was pyrolyzed in a fluidized-bed using nitrogen gas at temperature of 600 to 900°C. The tar was investigated by GPC and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. Tar yield at continuous feed of coal was reduced to about 60% of that at batch condition. In addition, 15 to 30% reductions in tar yield were observed at the presence of solid particles (ash, silica sand, char or coal). In the presence'of solid, increased thermolysis led to decomposition of aliphatic substituents, which resulted in both gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbons and smaller shorter quantity of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. Consequently tar yield and its molecular weight distribution were lower and its aromaticity was higher compared with pyrolysis in the absence of solid particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 231-238
Published: March 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1196K)
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