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Volume 66, Issue 9
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[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 751
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1527K) -
Shin-ya YOKOYAMA1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 752-762
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEfficient utilization of biomass and organic wastes is expected, because a considerable amount of such wastes is being diposed of by anaerobic digestion, incineration or land filling. However, these processes show no promise of being net energy producer at present time.
Under such circumstances, liquefaction process, that is, liquid fuel production by ther-mochemical conversion, has been attracting attention as one of new technologies. In this report, the present status and technical problems for the liquefaction of biomass and organic waste such as sewage sludge are discussed. From the viewpoint of energy balance, this process can be con-sidered as a net energy producer leading to the reduction of operational cost, though further research will be needed for commercialization.View full abstractDownload PDF (2068K) -
Takashi MATSUOKA1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 763-769
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper describes principal methods of separating oxygen from air. Discussion focuses on (1) Cryogenic process, (2) Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process and (3) Membrane process. Other developing technologies such as the chemical absorption process using molten alkali salts and the liquid membrane process are also briefly discussed.
The cryogenic process is the best way to produce high purity oxygen at a rate of over 5, 000m3/h while the PSA process is suitable for producing oxygen of relatively high purity up to 5, 000m
3/h at the moment. The use of gaseous oxygen supplies by PSA plants is expanding while the liquid oxygen market is shrinking.
Polymeric membranes are used for medical purposes and also oxygen-enriched air production for efficient combustion. The method using molten salts absorption and the liquid membrane method are still under development but are expected to significantly reduce power consumption for high purity oxygen separation in the near future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1801K) -
Muneyoshi YAMADA, Atsushi SAITO, Toshiyuki OBARA, Jian-Wei YAN, Tohru ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 770-777
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrotreatment of SRC-II heavy distillate was investigated over presulfided CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst at 390°C, 10MPa both in H2 flow and in 5%H2S/H2 flow. Elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and column chromatography were used for characterization of pro-duct oils. It was observed that hydrotreatment over presulfided catalyst decreased both nitrogen and sulfur contents. It was also found that gas phase addition of H2S promoted HDN reaction and inhibited HDS reaction. In order to clarify the promoting effect of H2S on HDN reaction, product oils were separated into base components by column chromatography and investigated in detail. Hydrotreatment in H2S/H2 flow removed 80% of base component of reactant. Compar-ing with the reaction in H2 flow, removal of strong base was especially promoted in the presence of H2S/H2 and removal of very weak base was conversely inhibited. 1H-NMR results of strong base component showed that hydrogen aromaticity of feed markedly decreased in H2 S/H2 flow but no difference was observed between Ha in H2 flow and that in H2S/H2 flow. Pro-moting effect of H2S on HDN reaction was thus ascribed to a improvement of catalytic cracking ability for C-N bond.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Keizo OGINO, Masahiko ABE, Shinichi KAWANO, Kioyuki SHIMIZU, Hidemasa ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 778-784
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify swelling effect on liquefaction of coals, swelling ratios, liquefaction yield, heats of wetting, and water contents of coals with various carbon contents have been studied in methanol, tetralin, and mixtures of them.
The swelling ratios of Yallourn coal in all solvents we used were increased up to 60 minutes, and then became a consatant. The more coal swelled in the same solvent, the higher conversion of liquefaction became. The conversions of liquefaction of all dry coals were larger in mixtures of methanol and tetralin (1: 1 by weight) than in tetralin alone. Moreover, the conversion of liquefaction of wet Yallourn coal was also larger in the mixtures of methanol and tetralin than in tetralin alone. This may be contributed that, water molecules which exist in pore parts of Yallourn coal are replaced with methanol molecules; these methanol molecules increase penetration of tetralin into pore parts of it; as a result, the swelling ratio of Yallourn coal is considerably increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Nobuo KIDO, Shinzo HIRASAWA1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 785-790
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPulverized coal combustion experiments of seven imported coals from Australia, Canada, China and South Africa have been carried out to estimate their com-bustibilities. The unburned carbon in flyash, the conversion ratio of fuel nitrogen to NO and the NO reduction by staging were estimated to ascertain the impact of coal properties. A down-fired 20cm ID tunnel furnace was used in this study. The experimental results as follows;
1) Because the fuel ratio (=fixed carbon/volatile matter) is closely related with weight percent of unburned carbon in flyash, it can be an important index in predicting unburned carbon in the coal-fired boiler.
2) The formation of NO is considerably influenced by not only the coal nitrogen content but the fuel ratio.
3) The percentage of NO reduction by staging is decreased with increasing the fuel ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
Hideo HOSODA, Akira DEGUCHI, Hiromi TAKEUCHI, Masakatsu MIURA, Satoru ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 791-797
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop a new process for heat recovery from oily sludge without any environmental pollution, the combustion experiments of low grade oily sludge having a 3, 500kcal/kg of calorific value were performed using a fluidized bed combustor with a 0.3m square area and a 3.25m height. The combustor was equipped with an air distributor of the pipe-slit type for the continuous discharge of combustion residues such as iron rust and pebbles from the bottom.
The use of the above-mentioned air distributor and the continuous feeding of fluidizing particles enabled a continuous and stable operation without the piling of the combustion resides in the bed. Then, the sludge could be completely burned at a bed temperature of above 750°C and a residual oxygen concentration of over 5%. The simultaneous removal tests sulfur-dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) were also carried out by means of limestone and/or coral reef rock feeding in the bed. The HCl removal efficiency increased apparently with the value of a Ca/ (S+Cl2) mole ratio, whereas SO2 removal efficiency was slightly affected by a mole ratio that ranged from 2 to 6. The removal efficiencies of SO 2 and HCl were 85% and 55%, respec-tively, at a mole ratio of 3 for coral reef rock.View full abstractDownload PDF (2022K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 9 Pages 798-805
Published: September 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (982K)
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