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Volume 49, Issue 3
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[in Japanese]1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 115
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (232K) -
Takeo Sato1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 116-122
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMinistry of International Trade and Industry announced last December the allowable sulfur content of fuel in 1973 and 1978 for the pollution control in the industrial zone. In order to meet with this condition, Japanese oil companies are to increase the import of low sulfur crudes and heavy oil as well as to install more hydrodesulfurization plants of heavy oils. According to the Government projects the necessary capacity of hydrodesulfurization of heavy oil will be 650, 000 BSD in 1973, while at present it is 65, 000 BSD and will and 45, 000 BSD in May, 1970. In addition, the indirect desulfurization plants have a capacity of 220, 000 BSD at present. The ratio of low sulfur crudes to the total amount was 12% in 1968, which will be required to attain to about 20% in 1973. As for desulfurization of crude oil, low sulfur crudes are effective and cheap.Low sulfur crude accounts for more than 40% of the world's grand total of crude output. However, Japan must not expect to increase the import judging from its distribution status. Thus, in order to increase low sulfur oils Japan will have to rely upon desulfurization of heavy oil, which is costly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
Kei Tajiri1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 123-130
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring these years the Japanese refiners have been built the topped crude desulfurizers or vacuum gas oil desulfurizers to cope with the requirement of low sulfur fuel oil production of around 1.7wt.% sulfur content. At present those refining companies are endeavoring to find the optimum operation schemes of these desulfurizers by improvement of operating condition including the hard wares.
Reviewing the results of the actual operations, we must investigate the next process scheme to satisfy the more sever sulfur level requirement of the fuel oil which is expected less than 1.5wt.% in the near future.
In spite of the strong recommendation for lowering the sulfur level of fuel oil by the Government, the tendency of sulfur reduction is not so progressive as the expected schedule mainly due to the following reasons. The operation of any type of desulfurizer, TC HDS or VGO HDS, is not economically justified as far as the price level of fuel oil is maintained as the same and the most of the consumers would not like to use the lower sulfur fuel oil of expensive price or use the high pour point fuel oil from Minas crude, if the some sort of acceptable regulation is not applied to such usage. Based on the above facts, the reorganization among MITI, refiners and consumers has been investigated recently for finding the effective solution of the sulfur dioxide air pollution.
It is mentioned here that the fuel oil desulfurization is not only one effective procedure to cope with the air pollution because even if we can reduce the sulfur level of fuel oil to less than 1wt.%, at the same time, numbers of factories which are fuel oil consumers, will be increased up to more than double specially at the densly populated area.
Of course the every effect for the reduction of the operation cost of desulfurizer should be tried. However, the change of product patterns of fuels will be necessitated and accordingly the necessity of gaseous fuel burning at the major cities will be expected. Then the new process for producing more gaseous fuel even from the heavier fraction of such an asphalt will be required in the near future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1184K) -
Mikio Kojima1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 131-138
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to rationalize the transportation means to cope with the increasing in petroleum demand of Japan in future, it is hard to realize it only by the existing transportation means. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the pipe line transportation has emerged as a new one in substitution or supplementation of the existing transportation system.
Here, we can state the problems and the ways to solve the defficulties in which the introducting of pipe line is to be expected, using by the report of “the Survey of the Rationalization of Internal Oil Flow in Japan”, issued by the Bureau of Mines, Ministry of International Trade and Industry in June 1969.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
Kazuo Hoshiai, Tomoatsu Usuku1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 139-146
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently there are many reports on the production of biological protein from petroleum. We referred here to the feedstock, process, safety of product etc. for the production of biological protein especially from liquid n-paraffin.View full abstractDownload PDF (990K) -
A New Transalkylation Process of Aromatics Developed by ToraySeiya Otani, Shiro Matsuoka, Masaki Sato1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 147-150
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToray has conducted research and development works in petrochemical field for many years.
One of the results thus obtained is “TATORAY” process-Transalkylation of Aromatics by Toray. This process is applicable in several fields, and the application to the raw meterials for nylon and polyester synthetic fibers may be of particular importance.
Distinguished features of “TATORAY” process are summarized as follows:
(1) Product molar ratio of benzene and xylene is adjustable in accordance with demand. This is the result of adequate selection of catalyst, feed stock, and operating condition. It is also noted that overall aromatic yield is maintained ovdr 97% in “TATORAY”.
(2) Consumption of H2 is very low since “TATORAY” reaction is carried out without appreciable side reactions such as aromatic ring loss. This is an advantage to areas where H2 price is relatively high.
(3) The quality of benzene and xylene produced is extremely high. Especially, for production of these xylenes, low content of ethylenezene (less than 2%) and high content of p- and o-xylenes are of great advantage, since it gives higher separation efficiency and yield, thus givinghigher value for the xylene.
(4) Operating condition is much milder than conventional hydrodealkylation process.View full abstractDownload PDF (438K) -
Yukio Igarashi1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 151-158
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConventional p-Xylene separation process is comprised of fractionation to separate ethylbenzene, o-Xylene and crystallization for p-Xylene. It requires multistage crystal separation and no pure m-Xylene is obtainable. To increase the p-Xylene yield, high temperature isomerization is used.
Japan Gas Chemical Co.(JGCC) process will be summarized as bollows: m-Xylene is completely separated from the feed mixture by HF-BF3 extraction and resulting raffinate which contains no m-Xylene is fractionally distilled to give ethybenzene, p-Xylene and o-Xylene.
Desired quantity of m-Xylene is isomerized by HF-BF3 at low temperature to convert it to o- and p-Xylene with least production of ethylbenzene and other by-products. The first commercial plant of 100, 000T capacity started in Desember 1968 at Mizushima, Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1285K) -
1970 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 163-166
Published: March 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (510K)
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