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Volume 63, Issue 9
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 735
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (209K) -
Mitsuo TAGUCHI1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 736-747
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapan relies on crude oil imports for most of its energy require-ments. For such a nation, efforts to lower its dependence on oil as much as possible is an important project closely related to socio-conomic development.
Nuclear power has a number of advantages, including great effects as a replace-ment for oil, some features of a “semi-fomestic” energy source, and high economic efficiency.
For this reason, it has been considered the most important alternative energy source and has played a leading role in providing Japan's energy security.
For the future, the nation and public utilities are firmly determined to carry out additional nuclear power projects, while making further efforts to improve the safety, reliability, and economy of nuclear facilities continuously and stimulate the local economies surrounding nuclear plants jointly with area residents.View full abstractDownload PDF (1694K) -
GPC. Separation of Solvent-fractionation Products from Reductive Methylation ProductsTsutomu KATO, Hiroyuki MIYAKE, Fumihiro KOUNUSHI, Hiroshi TSUKASHIMA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 748-762
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn cases of carring out investigation on the solubilization mechanism of coals, and of also making highly utilization of soluble products of coals as fuel and chemicals, it is desirable for us to obtain more detailed information about soluble product from coal.
Structural parameters and others of six solvent-fractionation products which were fractionated by GPC, were examined and compared.
Asphaltenes prepared from methylated Yubari and Taiheiyo coals contained components of number average molecular weight having 20400 and 32600, respectively.
As to Taiheiyo coal, solvent-fractionation products differed markedly with regard to their molecular weights (MW. range, 390-47600), but HS (nexane sol.), CS (Cyclohexane sol.), ES (Ethanol sol.), AS (Acetone sol.), EAS (Ethyl acetate sol.), and DS (Dioxane sol.) nevertheless resembled closely one another in structural unit weight, M (Us), and CS, ES, AS, EAS, and DS in the degree of condensation in aromatic ring, Hau/Ca.
In general CS, AS, EAS, and DS of Taiheiyo coal consisted of 1-2 aromatic ring with aliphatic side chain carbons, whereas those of Yubari coal, 2-3 aromatic rings with 5-9 aliphatic side chain carbons.
Moreover structural characteristics of each solvent-fractionation product were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1529K) -
Hiroshi NAGAISHI, Hiroshi MORITOMI, Yuzo SANADA, Tadatoshi CHIBA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 763-767
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of selenium and red-mud/selenium catalysts were examined on liquefaction of Taiheiyo coal mainly under hydrogen pressure of 10.1 MPa at 723K. It has been shown that in naphthalene/hydrogen system both selenium and red-mud/selenium catalysts give higher yields of pyridine solubles and benzen solubles by enhancing hydrogen transfer from gas phase to liquids than those obtained in tetralin/ hydrogen system without catalysts. In addition, the activity of selenium as a catalyst and as a mutual promoter of red-mud is higher than that of sulfur.
Experiments were also made on liquefaction of Big Brown lignite using selenium dioxide catalyst to compare the selectivity of the catalyst with those of conventional liquefaction catalysts. These catalysts are classfied roughly into two types. One is the type which promotes the production of asphaltenes and oils, while another enhances that of water and gases. The selenium dioxide catalyst belongs to the former.
It is thus concluded that selenium and selenium dioxide are effective on hydro-genation reaction of solvent during initial stage of coal liquefaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (544K) -
Ikuo SAITO, Kazutoshi IMUTA, Toshio YAMAKAWA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 768-774
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrotreating of a blend of 25 percent SRC (derived from Miike Coal) and 75 percent Creosote Oil has been studied using batch autoclave under the various conditions. The result obtained here can be summarized as follows
1) HI and BI conversions increase with an increase in reaction temperature, time and hydrogen initial pressure. Polymerization reaction of products, observed in the hydrotreating of SRC without solvent, is not observed in this study.
2) Sulfur removal is from 65 to 90 percent and Nitrogen removal is from 10 to 28 percent.
3) Yield of light fraction can be increased by using hydrogen donor solvent.
4) Ni/Mo/Al2O3 catalyst is the most effective for hydrogenation of this filtrate, but Co/Mo/Al2O3 is better for sulfur removal.View full abstractDownload PDF (795K) -
Hisatsugu IZUHARA, Akira KITAHARA, Seiji NISHIDA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 775-780
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deposition of carbon on the chamber wall brings many prob-lems to the coke oven operation. In the present paper the amounts of carbon deposi-tion of 24 coals and petroleum pitches were determined by the weight increase of alumina ball in the secondary pyrolitic furnace above the coking furnace with 300g coal charge. The factor affecting the carbon deposition was studied and the following results were obtained.
(1) The amounts of carbon deposition of coals and petroleum pitches could not be explained by quantity of volatile matter alone, but proportional to the multi-plied products of that and quality parameter as indicated by carbon contents in volatile matter except CO and CO2.
(2) The main source of carbon deposition in volatile matter was considered to be tar, but partially formed from hydrocarbon gas.
(3) When coal and petroleum pitch was blended, a similar value of carbon depo-sition was obtained with that calculated from each coal and petroleum pitch.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Atsushi INABA, Keiji MIKI, Yoshiki SATO, Toshio YAMAKAWA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 781-789
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaiheiyo-coal was liquefied in a tubular reactor at 350°C-425°C under 14.8 MPa of hydrogen pressure without catalyst. The residence time of coal slurry in the isothermal section of reactor was 2-47 minutes.
At 350°C, the amount of gaseous products was independent on the reaction time and 80 wt% of them was carbondioxide. At higher temperature than 350°C, the pro-duction of methane severely increased with the reaction time. Under these experi-mental conditions, Taiheiyo-coal converted rapidly to the pyridine soluble matter even at low temperature. But extracts of Taiheiyo-coal were hardly hydrocracked to vac-uum distilled oil.
On the whole, the experimental results showed that the products of liquefaction at the short residence time were mainly SRC and small amount of gaseous products. The characteristics of SRC, however, did not changed in these experimental condi-tionsView full abstractDownload PDF (939K) -
Takebumi KURODA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 790-799
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe city gas calorie conversion from conventional city gas (5, 000 kcal/Nm3) to natural gas (11, 000kcal/Nm3) of which dominant source is LNG has been progressing since 1972 by Tokyo Gas Company in order to keep stable gas distribution. It has already completed to 80% and is scheduled at last around Tsurumi factory in which COG is produced. Although the COG occupied only 2% of company's total gas sales, it was to be converted to SNG from the viewpoint of keeping variety for raw material and distribution base.
COG-SNG plant, the first commercial scale plant in the world, consists of purifi-cation process in which oxygen, diolefin and organic sulphur compounds in the feed-stock COG are eliminated and low temperature steam reforming process in which purified COG, LPG and/or off-gas are methanised upon Ni based catalyst. The char-acteristic of this plant is in purification process developed by Hitachi Co. together with Tokyo Gas Company.View full abstractDownload PDF (1372K) -
Yoshiaki MIURA1984 Volume 63 Issue 9 Pages 800-810
Published: September 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe caking property of coal, the most critical factor in the met-allurgical coke making, is reviewed while the difference between caking and coking properties is clarified and caking coal is defined. Then, the transformation process from coal to coke is explained with respect to the behavior of coal particles during heating and the plastic behavior (350 to 500°C) and the resolidification-contraction behavior (500 to 1000°C) of the slack layer. Further, a description is given to the transformation of petrograhic components of coal into the coke texture (optical ani-sotropic texture) and researches on the dynamics of carbonization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1963K)
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