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Volume 65, Issue 8
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 627-628
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (351K) -
Hiroshi KAMINOSONO1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 629-637
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes an outline of fuel cells which are currently under development as the Moonlight Project of Japan. Fuel cells of phosphoric acid type, of molten carbonate type and of solid electrolyte type are all explained for the following items.
(1) Principles and characteristics of each fuel cell
(2) Components and systems of fuel cells
(3) Present state of research and development
(4) Reform of fuel
(5) Future R & D plan and application fieldsView full abstractDownload PDF (1293K) -
Yoshio ADACHI, Kazuyoshi KAWAZU, Seiji ARITA1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 638-642
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the solvolysis coal liquefaction, the heavy material like SRC (Solvent Refined Coal) is accumulated in the recycle solvent. In this time, we studied the effect of the polar end groups in the SRC on the solvolysis liquefaction. We synothesised the O- methylated SRC using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and used it as a solvent on the sol-volysis liquefaction. The extraction chromatography was performed for the pyridine soluble of solvolysis liquefied product with hexane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran (THE) and pyridine as a eluete and the molecular weight distribution of each fraction was measured by the gel permeation chromatography. The following results were obtained by comparing with using the original SRC as a solvent on the solvolysis coal liquefaction.
1) The yields of the gas and the distillate oil are higher on the solvolysis liquefaction because the volatile matter in the SRC increased by the O-methylation.
2) The liquefaction ability as a solvent become higher as regards to the solubilization of coal in THF or pyridine.
3) The polymerization of the SRC on the solvolysis liquefaction is restrained by protec-ting the polar end group of the SRC.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Polycyclic Hydroaromatic Hydrocarbon SolventYoshinari INUKAI, Yoshio ADACHI, Masao SHIBATA, Seiji ARITA1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 643-652
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolvolysis liquefaction of subbituminous coal by short contact time at high temperature has been investigated using polycyclic hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, the main components of hydrogenated anthracene oil (H-AO), as solvents to determine the effective components of H-AU for liquefaction.
Hydroaromatics were better solvents for liquefaction than the corresponding aromatics and yielded benzene-and quinoline-soluble fractions of coal in up to about 80% and 95%, respectively by solvolysis at 450°C for 10 min. Liquefaction reached sufficient levels with di- or tetrahydroaromatics. Overhydrogenation of solvent was not effective for liquefaction and is believed to be a waste of hydrogen.
The hydroaromatics with naphthenic ring structure were hydrogen-donor species to coal; they were converted to the corresponding aromatics in the analyses of the solvolysis products. The liquefaction abilities of hydroaromatics increased in theorder of di-, tri-, and tetracyclic hydroaromatics. Tetrahydrofluoranthene and hydropyrenes were better solvents for liquefaction than any other hydroaromatics examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1304K) -
Hiroshi NAGAISHI, Yuzo SANADA1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 653-659
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevolatilization of Yallourn coal with selenium and selenium dioxide were examined under nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 653 to 873 K using thermogravimetric method. The H2, CH4 and CO released from coal were analyzed in the temperature range. It has been shown that selenium and selenium dioxide catalysts accel-erate the volatilization reaction above 723 K. Particularly, the CO evolution was promoted at 773 K and the amount of CO released from coal with the catalysts was about 8 or 12 times as much as without the catalysts. Furthermore, the CO/CH4 volumetric ratio over the both catalysts was larger than that in the absence of the catalysts, namely the catalysts accelerated CO evolution selectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Syuntaro KOYAMA, Mituhiro MATUO, Hiroshi MIYADERA1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 660-669
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPulverized coal was gasified in the presence of oxygen in an electric-ally-heated entrainedtype reactor to determine optimum gasification conditions. Carbon conversion, product gas yield and properties of char were monitored as oxygen-coal ratio (2) and temperature were varied individually.
At constant temperature, the carbon conversion increased monotonically with λ0, but the yield of H2 and CO produced by char gasification first increased to a maximum value, and then decreased since more carbon was burned with oxygen and less was gasified with H2O and CO2. For fixed oxygen-coal ratio, the carbon conversion and the production rate of H2 and CO increased initially with reaction temperature, then leveled-off or decleined as the porosity and the surface area of char decreased. The temperature at which these maxima were detected appeared to be related to the ash melting point.
From the results of these experiments, it was concluded that processes operating at a high value of oxygen-coal ratio and a low value of oxygencoal ratio in a different zone in a reactor which enable the suitable temperature for char gasification must be considered so that both high carbon conversion and the high production rate of H2 and CO are attained in entrainment gasification.View full abstractDownload PDF (1282K) -
Effect of CaO Addition on Ash Fusion BehaviorMitsuho HIRATO, Yoshihiko NINOMIYA, Rei SATO1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 670-676
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh temperature behavior of mixtures of ash exhibiting a wide range of melting temperature and CaO additive under both oxidizing (Air) and reducing (CO/CO2) atmospheres has been investigated by RS M 8801 and by X-ray diffraction method.
(1) Hemispherical temperature of ash with CaO decreased with the increased addition of CaO until CaO content reached about 30wt% and the minimum value of hemispherical temperature was ranged of 1250 to 1350°C under oxidizing atmospheres. Above 40wt% of CaO, the hemispherical temperature went above that of original ash.
(2) The U shaped trend of the hemispherical temperature was also observed under reducing atmospheres. The minimum hemispherical temperature under reducing atmospheres was about loot lower than that under oxidizing atmospheres. The percent of CaO corres-ponding to the minimum hemispherical temperature was as low as 10wt%. All the hemispherical temperatures obtained at about 30wt% addition of CaO are found in a range of 1200 to 1350°C.
(3) Depending on CaO content, the principal compounds detected were anorthite, gehle-nite, pseudowolla stonite, and rankinite. The minimum hemispherical temperatures of the mixtures of ash and CaO additive were almost equal to the lowest temperature eutectic points in the Ca0-Al2O3-SiO2 phase diagram.View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K) -
Hiroyuki HIROHA, Toshinori KOJIMA, Takehiko FURUSAWA1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 677-683
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fluidized bed combustor of coal can be considered as a multifunctional process which performs functions of in situ controls of sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide emissions as well as a function of combustion. However the symbiotic realization of these functions in a compact chamber has proved a difficult task so far, since the design parameters influencing the emission control of pollutant and the combustion efficiency do involve complicated interactions.
In the present study, the coal combustion with in situ sulphur retention was conducted using an experimental fluidized bed under the conditions of single and two stage combustion, and the performances of the three functions were measured under the relatively wide range of stoichiometric ratio of primary air choosing Ca/S ratio as a parameter. Furthermore, the effects of the injection height of secondary air on the performances were tested and the concentration profiles of SO2, H2S, NO and NH3 in the freeboard were measured under the condition of staged air firing. The most important result obtained was that the increased retention of sulphur dioxide as well as the reduced emission of nitric oxide was observed with the increased height of secondary air injection at the relatively low stoichiometric ratio of primary air. Thus the possibility of the symbiotic realization of simultaneous emission controls of sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide was experimentally demonstrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
Kaoru SHIBATA, Seiji ARITA1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 684-689
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ESR spectra of Miike and Taiheiyo coals in various organic solvents were measured under an adiabatic rapid passage condition in the temperature range of 50°C to 350°C. A parameter, R, was defined by a ratio of out-of-phase and in-phase spectral amplitudes, and the ratios for these coal-solvent mixtures were estimated in this temperature range. R for coal in a good solvent decreased abruptly with increasing temperature. Because of the constant modulation frequency, the decrease of R is considered to be due to the decrease of T1. The drastic decrease of T1 may be concluded to be caused due to dissolution and/or swelling of coal on the basis of the molecular mobility dependence of T1 and the solubilization ability of the solvent.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
Koji KOREMATSU, Takashi SAIKA, Tatsuo AMITANI, Masashi GABE, Sanyo TAK ...1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 690-694
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quenching distance which is defined as the maximum reference width of the channel as far as the flame cannot pass through it is need to design the explosion-proof equipments. As a practical aspect it is interesting to estimate the quenching distance for various mixtures by the available data of them. This paper describes the estimation method by the quenching Peclet number. And it is confirmed that this method is available for rough estimation.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 695-702
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2123K)
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