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Volume 66, Issue 6
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[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 397-398
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (318K) -
Takashi SUZUKI1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 399-410
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynfuel qualities produced from SASOL F-T synthesis and Mobil MTG processes are evaluated in consideration of refining plants adopted in these processes. In addition, other synfuel processes under development are discussed.
In SASOL, F-T straight run products are converted to gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel having the same qualities as petroleum ones. Combination of the coal gasification with F-T syn-thesis processes and the improvement of the refining complex are investigated.
Two types of MTG processes, one has a fixed bed reactor and the other has a fluidized one, have been developed. Both of them selectively produce gasoline in good quality.Solution of following technical objectives such as cost down of catalyst, increasing catalyst life and decreasing durene formation, however are strongly desired to enhance the economical feasibility.
STG processes are also investigated. Two staged STG process is especially concerned for production gasoline in high yield and good quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (1379K) -
Nobuyuki YATSUYANAGI1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 411-417
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe current status and future prospects of rocket propellants paralleling the development of rocket engines are described.
The use of a combination of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen (LO2/LH2) as a rocket propellant yields the highest performance and represents state of the art rocket technology as indicated by the main engine of the U. S. space shuttle.
Japan has succeeded in development of the LE-5 engine for use as the second stage of the H-I launcher and has been developing the LE-7 engine with a thrust of 100 tonf for use as the first stage of the H-II launcher. Also, Europe has been developing the HM-60 engine, which will produce much the same thrust as the LE-7, for use with the ARIANE-5 launcher.
Currently, the development of LO2/LH2 engines has been a key to attain the potential of activities in space. While, in near future, a dual fuel engine combining LO2/LH2 and LO2/ hydrocarbon engine will be realized for use with single-stage-to-orbit vehicles, and LNG (methane) and LPG (propane) will be used as fuels for rocket and ramjet engines.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
Kenji HASHIMOTO, Kouichi MIURA, Ji-Jun XU1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 418-426
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEighteen kinds of varying rank coals were gasified with steam at 1185°Cby use of a rapid heating method to clarify the factors which control the gasification reactivity of the coals. With the aid of the gasification data of demineralized coals, the gasification rate of lower rank coals were found to be, in part, catalyzed by coal mineral matters. The reactivity of higher rank coals and the demineralized coals were well correlated with both the pore surface area and the crystallite size of carbon. This was supposed because the increase of crystallite size results in the decrease in the pore surface area and the number of active sites. Furthermore, the gasification rate increased with the amount of oxygen trapped by the char, which was measured by flash desorption method. This showed that the amount of oxygen trapped is intimately related to the reactivity even at the high temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
Kiyoshi FUDA, Mitsuhiko KIMURA, Norimitsu MIYAMOTO, Toshiaki MATSUNAGA1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 427-432
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCatalytic activity of Ni-intercalated montmorillonite clay and some other Ni loaded oxides were studied for methanation of low-temperature volatile matter of the Shinyubari coal. Among these catalysts, Ni-montmorillonite exhibited the highest activity in methanation of the low temperature volatile matter below 600 t with a conversion of 95% on the carbon basis.
It was found that the catalytic activity of Ni metal changed by using different support materials. The order of the methanation activity was determined as: montmorillonite>zeolite (MS-5A) <TiO2<α-Al2O3<MgO>SiO2≅γ-Al2O3.
The structure of Ni-montmorillonite catalyst was investigated by the TG, XRD and FT/IR methods, which revealed that the metallic Ni was highly dispersed on the surface and the interlamellar surface of montmorillonite.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Hydroliquefaction Coprocessing of Taiheiyo Coal and Yallourn CoalIkuo SAITO, Yoshitaka YAMAMOTO, Yoshiki SATO, Kazutoshi IMUTA1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 433-440
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydroliquefaction of Taiheiyo coal and Yallourn coal in the presence of tar-sand bitumen (Athabasca, Cold Lake, Morichall) has been studied using batch autoclave under the various conditions to investigate the reactivity of coal and the relationship between reaction conditions and coal conversions.
The results obtained here can be summarized as follows,
1) Coals were significantly converted into THE solubles and hexane solubles using tarsand bitumen as a solvent.
2) Conversion were not so much affected by the species of bitumen.
3) In the case of Taiheiyo coal, maximum conversion was achieved at 430°C, and for Yallourn coal, its conversion decreased above 400°C.
4) At 420°C in reaction temperature, conversions were unaffected by reaction time within 2h.
5) Improvement of the coal conversion in coprocessing depended on coal, namely, in the case of Taiheiyo coal, coprocessing gave much more hexane solubles than coal liquefaction, but in the case of Yallourn coal, the conversion was not improved. These results are ascribed to the different reactivity of coals.
It should be noted that the coal conversion obtained from coprocessing were comparable to those obtained from liquefaction in tetralin which is well known as a good hydrogen donor solvent.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Mikio MIYAKE, Takuji OOSAKI, Masakatsu NOMURA1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 441-447
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of additives, such as 18-crown-6 and potassium iodide, on improv-ed reductive alkylation of coal were investigated, where coal anion was prepared by molten potassium metal under refluxing tetrahydrofuran. Extent of anionization was affected by the ad-ditives at 0.5 h of anionization period, while little influence was observed at 2 h. Addition of 18-crown-6 to the solvent accelerated the reaction at 0.5 h. Ethylated Yubari coal, thus obtained, contained about 6 ethyl groups per 100 carbon atoms, 69wt% of which was solubilized in benzene. On the other hand, addition of potassium iodide decelerated the reaction. These obser-vations may result from acceleration and deceleration of formation of solvated electrons by the respective additives. Structural parameters of benzene soluble materials form the ethylated coals and results of reductive alkylation of diphenyl ether indicate that presence of the crown ether enhance the alkylation reaction at aromatic nuclei whereas presence of the potassium iodide cause relatively preferential ether cleavage.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Koyo MURAKAMI1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 448-458
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemistry of coal tar aromatics has been connecting between coal mining, metallurgy and chemistry.
Basic Processes such as distillation, crystallisation, extraction with a chemical reaction, catalytic and thermal polymerisation, catalytic polycondensation. oxidation, substitution, pyrolysis and carbonisation are useful processes for the production of aromatic chemicals, thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as the intermediates for the production of dyestuffs, phamacueticals, pesticides, cosmetics, materials for building and construction, electric and electronic industry and also carbon products for rubber products and pigments. The above processes are explained from the standpoint of historical meaning of coal chemistry and also its future is mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (2761K) -
[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 459-468
Published: June 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2459K)
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