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Volume 49, Issue 12
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[in Japanese]1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 867
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (212K) -
Yoshihide Yoshimura, Yukio Fujiwara, Shinichi Takamori, Hiroaki Yamamo ...1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 868-873
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present report, the experimental results are summarized as follows.
1. It is reported by a number of workers that there are some different sort of relationships between the ash content of coal and of its grindability (Hardgrove Grindability Index). Seeing that this complexity of the relationships can be attributed to the specific gravity of coal changing together with its ash content, the authors have attempted to investigate the effect of specific gravity of coal upon the grindability. As the result, the effect of specific gravity of coal upon its grindability is neglected reasonably.
2. In the standard method of test for grindability of coal by the Hardgrove Method, 50 grams of sample of coal shall be charged accurately. In accordance of our experimental results, change of weight (or volume) of charged sample has no influence upon the value of Hardgrove Index. Then, we shall not find important meaning in charging of sample of just 50 grams.View full abstractDownload PDF (701K) -
Chikao Yokokawa, Hideo Yoshimoto, Yoshifusa Kamitani1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 874-880
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCellulose, lignin and Torf were artificially coalified in water at 200∼300°C for∼48 hours. The artificial coals obtained were examined in their ESR spectra. Variations of spin concentration, g-value, line width and saturation effect in the course of artificial coalification were observed. It was found that these materials produce spin centres easily even at temperature as low as 200°C and the number of spin centre increases with the advance of coalification. The apparent activation energy of the spin forming process was calculated as 28 kcal/mole. The characteristics of the spin centre, suggested by g-value, line width and saturation effect, change with the advance of coalification, however, the direction of the change is similar to that observed for natural coals.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
Jiro Nitadori, Kozo Sakurai, Kiyoshi Koseki, Haruji Kobayashi1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 881-888
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApplicability of Calorific Value (m. a. f.) was considered to the classification of Japanese coals of high volatile content as in “International classification of hard coal by type” and in“ASTM classification of coals by rank”.
Relations between moisture-holding capacity, carbon centent, calorific value and fixed carbon were studied.
Calorific value (m. a. f.), next to carbon (m. a. f.) and carbon (d. a. f.), was found to be a sufficient classification index for these coals.
But fixed carbon (d. a. f.) was not a sufficient index, because of the irregularity that the relations of fixed carbon (d. a. f.) both to carbon (d. a. f.) and to calorific value (d. a. f.) were centrary within the coals from Johan coal field to those from other coal fields.
From the study of the relation between moisture-holding capacity (ash free) and calorific value (m. a. f.), a transition point on coal rank was found at 4.1 per cent moisture-holding capacity (ash free) and 7780 cal/g (m. a. f.).View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Yasumasa Yamashita, Koji Ouchi1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 890-897
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrue and practical specific heat of coals (C% 70∼93) were measured continuously with adiabastic method. Practical specific heat includes heat of chemical reaction, heat of vaporization and heat of phase transition. The error of the measurments did not exceed over ±5 per cent. True specific heat increases with measuring temperature for individual coal and decreases as the rank of coal approaches to the graphite. The relation between true and practical specific heat shows that coal of C% 70 has exothermic reaction at the higher temperature range than 250°C. Especially, it shows maximum values at about 380 and 600°C. Coals of C% 75∼85 have exothermic reaction at 400∼500°C and at the higher temperature range than 600°C, and endothermic reaction at about 550∼600°C. Coal of C% 93 shows exothermic reaction at about 680°C and endothermic one at the higher temperature than 650°C. The mechanisms of reactions occuring at each temperature region were estimated from the decomposed gases and was examined if it is reasonable or not from the view point of the results obtained in this measurment.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K) -
Infrared Spectra (4) (Heat Treated Coal)Yoshihiro Osawa, Jung Wei Shih, Tetsunosuke Tsunoda1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 898-907
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe infrared spectra of the heat treated coals, prepared by heating 7 different ranks of Japanese coal at temperatures of 200∼500°C were measured by KBr method. Spectra changes began mostly at the temperature range of 300∼400°C; the lower the rank of the original coal is, the earlier the changes began.
In general, increasing the heat treatment temperature resulted in increasing the optical densities of the absorption bands at 3030, 1600 and 870∼750 cm-1 with some reversals beyond the temperature of 450°C, and decreasing those at 2920, 1450 and 1380 cm-1.
From the informations obtained, some inferences were drawn as that there should be significant differences in structure and behavior of the condensed aromatic ring amongdifferent ranks of coal; the absorption band at 1600 cm-1 had a close connection with aromatic carbon content at least for the heat treated coals, and that the natural coalification might develop at temperatures lower than 450°C.
The structural assignment for the 1260 cm-1 band remained controversial. Also worthy of note was the rectilinear correlation between the optical density of the 3030 cm-1 band and the arithmetical sum of those of the bands at 870, 820 and 750 cm-1.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
Hydrogenolysis and Hydrogen Distribution of the Reaction ProductsYousuke Maekawa, Sigeru Ueda, Yoshihisa Hasegawa, Shinichi Yokoyama, E ...1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 908-916
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of studies are being conducted by the authors from April 1970. Coal is converted to solvent soluble matter by hydrogenolysis under pressure and the chemical reaction in the coal samples in the course of hydrogenolysis is followed. At the same time structural analysis of low molecular reaction products which are solvent soluble are conducted in an attempt to clarify or otherwise elucidate the chemical structure of the sample coal as a whole.
This is our first report and discussions were made on the product distribution, reaction kinetics, the hydrogen distribution in the reaction products concerning the hydrogenolytic reaction conducted and the following conclusions were obtained .
(1) An inner vessel was used in the rotating autoclave with an inner content of 5l. It was considered here that the reaction proceedes at an approximate chemical reaction controlling state.
(2) Whereas we have considered that in the consecutive reaction of hydrocracking A→O2→O1 however as a result of our present work it was revealled that pyridine soluble matter at room temperature of the reaction products plays a role in the reaction, in other words the consecutive reaction should be expressed as
Py-1→A→O2→O1
(3) The main reaction in the hydrogenolysis was the destruction of bridges between unit structures. It was also conjectured that the main part of the bridge structure between the structural units was not CH2 groups α to two rings . This was based on the hydrogen distribution changes in the course of the reaction by high resolution NMR spectroscopy.
(4) A slight saturation of the aromatic rings at the remote end in the Py→A reaction was present.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Preparation of Regenerated Humic Acids by Oxidation of Bituminous Coals with Nitric AcidSeiji Arita, Toshiharu Miki, Hiroshi Noda, Koichi Tanihara, Masanao Na ...1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 917-924
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain regenerated humic acids from bituminous coals, six kinds of coals-Takamatsu (C: 75.7%), Onoura (C: 80.1%), Miike (C: 82.3%), Hashima (C: 85.0%), Shin-omine (C: 87.1%) and Nishikawachi (C: 89.5%) were oxidized with nitric acid under various conditions. In the case of Miike coal, a maximal yield of humic acid (based on original coal) was obtained at the oxidation time about 14 hours with 1 normal nitric acid and about 6 hours with 2 normal nitric acid at 100°C. On the oxidation of bituminous coals with 2 normal nitric acid in 5 hours at 100°C, the yield of humic acids depended upon the rank of coals. Under these conditions coal containing about 84% carbon gave a maximal yield of humic acid. To prepare humic acids in good yiels from coals of the higher rank, it was necessary to employ the more drastic oxidation conditions.
Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents, neutralization equivalent weights and cadmium ion uptakes of humic acids that regenerated from bituminous coals were determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (984K) -
Kiyoshi Nakamura, Masao Kitamura1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 925-931
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn our country there have been recently found many localities where the crop plants revealed the symptoms of the deficiency in special elements beside three manureal elements.
According to the investigation of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Presume area of deficient in special elements was found 500, 000 hectares in the total, the area, deficient in magnesium, was found the largest, 240, 000 hectares in total, and it was followed by those, deficient in boron or silicium respectively in the order. These presume areas have been expected to increase their number after the more precise investigation.
In relation to the amelioration of these soils, various materials have been proposed to be applied, but they have had always more or less defects in their quality. In order to get rid of these defects the author made studies, here reported, on various factors and conditions, by which several fertilizer were prepared. As to this preparation a special consideration was paid in supplying the special elements from the domestic resources, of no utility.
It is the major objective of this research to promote the development of new markets for coal minerals in the domestic coal (Montmorillonite-chlorite=Na-K-Ca-Mg-Al-Si-O-OH-H2O=ASTM card No.12-231, Halloysite hydrated=Al2Si2O5 (OH) 4·2H2O=ASTM card No.9-451, Kaolinite=Al2Si2O5 (OH) 4=ASTM card No.14-164) and serpentine (Deweylite= (Mg, Fe) 3 (Si, Al) 3O7 (OH) 4·4H2O=ASTM card No.13-532, serpentine=Mg3Si2O5 (OH) 4=ASTM card No.9-444, Aluminian serpentine=Mg-Al-Si-Al-O-OH=ASTM card No.12-583) in Japan and to advance its use in the existing markets.
Many different research projects have been undertaken to accomplish these aims.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
On the Constitution of the Petroleum Ether Soluble Portion of Pyridine Extract of Sumiyoshi CoalSusumu Yokoyama, Yoshihiko Yamamoto, Gen Takeya1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 932-941
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemical constitution of the petroleum ether soluble portion extracted from the pyridine extract of Sumiyoshi coal was studied by infra-red, ultra-violet and high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. First, the petroleum ether extract was fractionated by liquid chromatography and separated into Fractions I to V. As a result of superimposing the separate spectroscopic analyses, it was shown that Fraction I consists of saturated hydrocarbons and Fraction II to V were aromatic compounds.
The average molecular structure of each fraction was estimatted by elementary analysis, molecular weight and hydrogen distribution. As for the structural analysis of saturated hydrocarbon (Fraction I), the contents of the respective types of carbon grouping namely CH3, CH2, CH were estimated from the NMR analysis and elementary analysis. The numbers of naphthene rings were calculated based on their contents. The structural parameters of aromatic fractions of Fraction II to V were estimated by Williams' method which was originally applied to the structral analysis of petroleum fraction.
The result of the structural analyses was as follows: the average molecular structure of Fraction I was naphthene with 4 to 5 rings, and Fraction II, III and V was alkyl benzene, alkyl naphthalene, and alkyl anthracene or alkyl phenanthrene derivatives respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1353K) -
1970 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 946-950
Published: December 20, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (644K)
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