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Volume 70, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 105
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (202K) -
Takao KASHIWAGI1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 108-116
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlobal warming and energy security concerns have been causing increasing expectations to be posed on energy conservation . Although energy conservation after the oil shock has centered on the improvement of thermal insulation and development of new energy-conserving machines, the present age calls for the promotion of systematic energy conservation. About 65% of the total energy consumed in Japan being discarded while still unexploited, the construction of energy systems for rational utilization of unexploited energy is severely needed . Particularly in downtown urban areas, where non-industrial demand for heat has been growing dramatically, highefficiency utilization systems are increasingly needed for not only high-temperature waste heats from garbage incineration or electric power plants, but also low-temperature heat sources such as rivers, sewage, electric power substations and subways.
In this article, the background for rational unexploited energy utilization is presented. Subsequently, representative system components such as heat pump and heat storage technologies are addressed and their main technological development requirements are clarified. Finally, the concept of cascaded energy utilization is presented as the ultimate energy-conservation system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1120K) -
Kazuyuki MOTOHASHI1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 117-124
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to increase efficiency in utilizing unused energy such as heat from incinerators and subways, it is necessary to develop technology in the field of recovering, storing and carrying thermal energy.
From this viewpoint, MITI is planning national R & D project on high-efficiency system for transforming and supplying thermal energy, deep underground thermal storage technology, improvements in the temperature-boosting technique and so on.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
Tadao YANASE1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 125-132
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistrict heat & cooling systems (DHC) in most European countries provide considerable heat requirements for air conditioning and water heating by using waste heat with large scale of pipeline networks.
However, diversities of heat resources and their supply systems in each countries lead to their own systems with careful consideration on their energy situation and geographical features.
The two types of DHC are given as follows,
(1) the system in which low temperature heat sources such as sea water, sewage and hot waste heat from power plant are used for heat pump.
.....Norway, Sweden and former West Germany
(2) the one in which high temperature heat sources such as waste heat from refuse incinerators and power plants are employed.
.....France, Finland and former West GermanyView full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
Haruo YAMADA1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 133-139
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSewage treatment water has not been heretofore utilized in spite of it's occurrence in large amounts in our daily lives.
One of the prominent features of sewage treatment water, is the favorable temperature factor because of mild climatic level throughout the year.
Three years ago, a heat pump using sewage treatment water was introduced for air conditioning of the superintenant's office at Ochiai sewage treatment plant in Metropolitan Tokyo.
Tests proved this system could save energy without trouble.
Though many of the sewage treatment plants dispose of extensive water, sewage water is readily avalable for district cooling & heating.
This report lists the advantages of application for district cooling & heating in the future in reference to the Ochiai sewage treatment plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Yasuhiko MATSUMOTO1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 140-146
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently the utilization of the waste heat of incinerating garbage has gained attention from the point of view of saving energy. And there is a tendency to utilize this waste heat positively.
Especially in cold regions, waste heat is utilized effectively and distinctivery. Many problems have been overcome and improvements have been made from valuable but expensive experience. However, such problems as the variable heating load, decrease in the amount of garbage, obstruction in weather conditions, prevention from freezing, and so on must be solved here after. Steady progress is being made in the use of waste heat.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
Masato KOMIYA1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 147-152
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTokyo Electric Power Company: TEPCO) has practised the method of utilizing thermal energy discharged in substations and underground cable transmission lines for making hot water and air-conditioning with Heat Pump System, which has been effective and efficient.
TEPCO has started the practice in Ginza Branch in 1964, and recently it supplies the thermal energy not only for TEPCO's own office buildings but also for the buildings adjacent to a substaion or cable-transmission lines: that is so called” District Heating Cooling: DHC).
This paper shows the present situation of the system and explains the points which should be improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Presentation of the System in Building 21 A, Okawabata River City Apartment HouseTakashi YAMADA1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA river water heat utilization system has been introduced to Building 21 A, Okawabata River City. This is a super-highrise apartment building constructed by the Housing and Urban Development Corporation at 1-chome Tsukuda, a development area on the banks of the Sumida River. This system supplies hot water by a gas absorptive heat pump, the heat sources being the water of the Sumida River for the low temperature and city gas for the driving heat.
Compared with conventional gas boiler systems, this system provides a 43% reduction in primary energy. In practical use, however, considering the additional burning when the supply water temperature becomed low and the drop of COP caused by scaled heat exchanger tubes, reduction of moderate approx. 40, 000Nm3/year in terms of gas volume is expected.
As the heat selling project for this area is 5Gcal/hour or less in capacity, the Heat Supply Law will not be applied and it will be operated as project incidental to the city gas project by the Tokyo Gas Company. Small-sized heat supply projects as this are named “spot heat supply” by the company. The success or failure of spot heat supply (=small-sized heat supply) depends mainly on the cut down of the equipment cost and personnel cost.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Tsutomu NOZAKI1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 159-167
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSmelting reduction processes are focussed rapidly by the decrease of cokes production caused by decrement of coke oven furnaces and problems of pollution and warmness by CO2 generation. Supporting technologies against shortness of cokes production are pulverized coal injection technique, new formed coke process and oxygen blowing through blast furnace tuyeres. Beyond these technologies, smelting reduction process is characterized by direct utilization of crude coal. This report will describe the targets and problems surrounding the smelting reduction processes, and will explain the state of the arts of the development of various smelting reduction processes, namely, Elred, CBF, Hlsmelt AISI Direct Steelmaking method, Plasmasmelt, Corex and DIOS processes.
Limitation of CO2 generation is also the big problem in the various industries. In Japan, the ratio of CO2 generation by ironmaking and steelmaking plants is approximately 13%. Kawasaki Steel Corp has been succeeded in the developing the CO gas purification in off gas which comes from combined blowing converter. Purified CO gas is utilized as resources of C1 chemistry and as aggitation gas of converter instead of Ar gas.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Masayoshi SADAKATA, Masahiro SAITO, Minoru SUTO, Youta NAKA, Hideo NAR ...1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 168-175
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCombustion characteristics of dried sewage sludge was investigated by using a vertical laminar flow furnace. The reaction rate were compared with that of coal. The combustion process of sewage sludge proceeded in two steps-the primary preheating and the following volatile matter combustion. The oxygen concentration had no effecs on ignition delay and burn-out time. The fractional conversion of the sludge including high polymer as a cohesion glue increased with increasing the particle size at the same residence time. On the contrary, the particle size had no influence on fractional conversion of the sludge including slacklime as a cohesion glue. It was found that a surface reaction model was applicable to sludge with high polymer whilst a volume reaction model (first-order reaction model) was applicable to coal and sludge with slacklime respectively. The combustion rate of sludge increased rapidly over Tg=1200°C where the activation energy also increased from 8.6kcal/mol to 48.5kcal/mol. The over-all combustion rates of sludge were nearly equal or larger than those of coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
Shigeru FUTAMURA, Seiya KOYANAGI, Yoshio KAMIYA1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 176-180
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of Fe catalysts and solvent on the hydrogenolysis of 9-benzylphenanthrene under hydrogen at 450°C were investigated.
Both in 1-methylnaphthalene and in tetralin, the 9-benzylphenanthrene conversion decreased in the order: α-Fe>Fe1-xS>Fe2O3. The 9-benzylphenanthrene conversion was higher in tetralin than in 1-methylnaphthalene with any of the above Fe catalysts, and a good linear correlation was obtained between the naphthalene yield and the 9-benzylphenanthrene conversion. These facts support that α-Fe and Fe1-xS promote the bimolecular hydrogen transfer not only from gaseous hydrogen but from tetralin to 9-benzylphenanthrene.
In the presence of α-Fe, adducts of a benzyl radical to 1-methylnaphthalene and tetralin were obtained, suggesting that benzyl radicals can be partly stabilized on the surface of α-Fe.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
Tohru KAMO, Yoshitaka YAMAMOTO, Atsushi INABA, Keiji MIKI, Yoshiki SAT ...1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 181-187
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline was carried out in a stirred batch reactor with red mud at 370°C and 450°C at 7.0MPa of hydrogen. It was shown that quinoline was decomposed via 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline (1-THQ) to ammonia or hydrogenated to 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinoline (5-THQ).
quinoline k1 _??_ k3 1-THQ k2 → ammonia k4 ↓ 5-THQ
The reaction rate constants of quinoline hydrodenitrogenation in hexadecane agreed closely with those obtained from 1-THQ.(K1=1.83×10-6, K2=1.16×10-7, K3=3.24×10-7 [mol dm-3min-1g-1]). Wall effect was negligible.
The rate constant for hydrogenation of quinoline decreased with following order in hexadecane>in trans-decalin>in 1-methylnaphthalene. Equilibrium between quinoline and 1-THQ was rapidly attained at 450°C. Ratios of equilibrium adsorption constant, K (trans-decalin) /K (quinoline) and K (1-methylnaphthalene) /K (quinoline), were found to be 0.055 and 0.155 respectively.
Phenol moderately decreased the rate of hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of quinoline, because phenol could be adsorped more strongly on the catalyst than quinoline. The ratio of adsorption equilibrium constants of phenol and quinoline was calculated to be 3 from hydrogenation rate constants.View full abstractDownload PDF (716K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 188-194
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1075K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 198
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (445K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1991 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 199
Published: February 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (145K)
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