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Volume 55, Issue 10
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 789-791
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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Hideo Kimura1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 792-808
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the coal has the largest reserves and distribution in the energy resources of the world.
Since the energy crisis the coal utilization has come to be noteworthy again. For the use of coal, it is necessary to convert the polid into the fluid sulstances by means of the gasification and the liquefaction of coal.
The outline of the Sunshine project in Japan and the energy independence project in U. S. A. is described from the various viewpoints of the coal utilization.
Both the direct liquefaction and the solvent extraction liquefaction are attracted notice in the fieled of coal conversion in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (2551K) -
Tsutomu Sakabe1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 809-819
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIndustrial processes of coal liquefaction and studies on the direct liquefaction using powder catalysis are reviewed. Influences in the liquifaction on the reaction time, temperature, pressure, catalysis, pasting oils, and elementary components of coal are discussed from the results on the batch expreiments using autoclaves.
Relationship between the reaction conditions and elementary components of coal are explained. Heat and material balance, and the characteristics of the produced oil are also illustrated with regard to Begius-I. G. process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1405K) -
Eiji Munekata1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 820-830
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1937, a coal-liquidification plant was constructed in Aoji, North Korea, for the memory of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Nippon Chisso Hiryo Co., with the purpose of realizing the industrial production of man-made petroleum.
In order to get hydrogen economically in a large scale, a slag-tap gas producer with oxygen burners was installed. After 3 years struggling development, the producer showed a high efficiency in the gas generation with the semi-coke of low grade Aoji coal. Still hydrogen could be supplied only in the lowest amount necessary to operate the liquidification reactor.
Although ZnCl2 was originally planned to be used as the catalyst according to the Japanese Navy researches, ZnCl2 was not suited to the reactor of an internal heating system. Therefore Fe (OH) 3-S catalyst was chosen as the most suitable, after many canditate substances were checked.
Electric heating coil arranged in the centre of the reaction vessel was made of HCM5 steel pipe.
In Aug. of 1943, the reactor had realized the continuous run for a full month, except for one interruption caused by a trouble on the electric power supply system, processing 10.0-11.5 tons of the feed paste per hour. This corresponds to the space time yield of 1.0-1.2kl/hr/m3.
The reactor showed a very high heat efficiency. The heat necessary for this reactor operation might be less than 1/3 of that for ordinary liquidification reactors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2046K) -
Minoru Morita1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 831-840
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe history of the development of coal liquefaction technique by direct catalytic hydrogenation is divided into three periods as follows.
I. From the invention by bergius till the end of the world war I (1913-1945)
II. Research after the war, reconsidering bergius method (1946-4960)
III. Reacent increasing research in U. S. A.(1965-)
Third period is consist of H-coal, synthoil and COSTEAM process, etc. Their purposes of stuyding are all to make heavy fuel for electric power rather than light crude distillate.
The auther, who has experience in operating a coal hydrogenation plant at Agoji. North Korea, from 1940 to 1945 as a chief engineer, considered various problems in coal liquefaction in aspects of raw material, procese, design, operasion (control) and reactor materials, and pointed out problems of former reactors. It is also illustrated that the manufacturing cost of oil from direct coal liquefaction may compete with one from crude petroteum, if the products are light crude distillate and LHSV is more than ten. Then there seems to be a possibility for success when the tubular reactor which the auther has devised will be used.
In future, the direct coal liquefaction plant may be expected to be mainly composed of numerous tubes like as tubular reactor or heat exchanger.View full abstractDownload PDF (1551K) -
[in Japanese]1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 841-848
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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Kazuyoshi Kudo, Kiyoshi Terada, Akira Yokogawa, Mitsuyuki Mitooka, Yoj ...1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 849-856
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPropane-deasphalted asphalt (PDA) dissolved in 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane was sulfonated with 25wt.%-and 60wt.%-oleum or sulfuric anhydride to investigate the influence of the kind of sulfonation reagents and its amount, the amount of solvent and reaction temperature and period on the yield and characteristics of char.
Granulated char was obtained with good yield after the sulfonation of PDA dissolved in solvent using both oleum. The yield of char was higher in case of using 60wt.% oleum than 25wt.% oleum, and the required amount of 60wt.% oleum was only 3 times by weight to PDA.
PDA dissolved in solvent was sulfonated with sulfuric anhydride according to the result that the char was obtained with higher yield when the content of SO3 dissolved in sulfonation reagent was higher.
However, the yield of char in this case was lower than in case of using 60wt.% oleum and it was difficult to obtain granulated char.
The contribution of sulfonic groups to the total ion exchange capacity of char was about equal with that of carboxyl-or hydroxyl-groups in case of using 60wt.% oleum. On the other hand, the contribution of the former was extremely larger than that of the latter in case of using sulfuric anhydride. Therefore it was seen that the sulfonation reaction proceeded more vigorously than the oxidation reaction in case of using sulfuric anhydride.View full abstractDownload PDF (1258K) -
1976 Volume 55 Issue 10 Pages 864-867
Published: October 20, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (647K)
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