The methods for peaceful use of atmic energy are shown;
(1) a source of energy
(2) a source of radioactive ray
(3) a source of explosive power.
In these methods, a souree of energy is divided into two ways; a source of power and heat. And the fomer is distinguished between a nuclear reactor for electric power and for propelling power of ship and rocket. On the nuclear reactor for electric power, a light water type reactor has been put to practical use. In future, a conversion type reactor, a breeder type reactor, and a nuclear fusion reactor will be realized. And a nuclear reactor of propelation for ship and rocket will be actuallized.
For the source of radioactive ray, R.I. is used in medical science and engineering, but it will be used as a cell for the power suply of spaceship and keeperless light house.
As a souree of explosive power, the nuclear reaction may be used for national land develapment.
In order to realize what I say, it is very important for us that young men with intellect must be esteemed, and their abilities must be developed.

View full abstract

Encouraged by the establishment of Japan Petroleum Development Corporation in October 1967, eleven companies, including AOC and NOSODECO which have been producing petroleum abroad, are extending their businesses to and are actively conducting explorations in the Middle East, South East Asia, Oceania and North America. The aim of our national energy policy is to secure stable and economical supply of petroleum for Japan throngh development by our own hands 30% of our total consumption of 480 million kl in 1985.
In order to attain this purpose, obtaining further petroleum rights actively and longrange continuous exploration investments are needed.
Oil enterprises of every country have in recent years been finding their ways into every part of the world. Based on the estimation by Dr. Weeks, additionally about 220 billion kl of world petoroleum reserves remains as the object of exploration.
As a countermeasure for air pollution, introduction of LNG, in parallel with development of low sulfur crude oil shoud be promoted.

View full abstract

In the acetylene formation methane using an argon plasma jet reactor, effects of argon, methane flow rates and plasma power on acetyelene yield have been investigated.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) Optimum condition was found to be indicated as
(Q₀, m/F_M) ^1.53= (100/43.2) (FA/FM+1)
where Q₀, m is plasma power, FA and Fm flow rate of argon and methane respectively.
(2) Maximum acetylene yield obtained was 80-90%.

View full abstract

Infrared spectra of vitrains of twelve Japanese coals and five foreign coals in different ranks have been measured by the KBr technique as quantitatively as possible. The specific extinction coefficients, K (l/g·cm), at 3, 450, 3, 030 and 2, 920cm^-1 are calculated and their relations with the elementary composition and hydroxyl content are discussed.
The K value at 3, 450cm^-1 assigned to hydroxyl group decreases as the carbon content of coal increases. The relation between hydroxyl content determined by acetylation method and K value shows nearly linear relationship, that is, the K value of this band decreases as the hydroxyl content decreases.
The absorption band at 3, 030cm^-1 which is assigned to aromatic CH hydrogen appears from Bibai coal (81.1%C) and becomes clearer as coal rank increases. The relation between carbon content and K value are found to lie.on the same curve for almost all coals and K value increases with increase in carbon content.
The K value at 2, 920cm^-1 which is assigned to aliphatic CH streching vibration increases gradually as coal rank increases until Yabari coal (86.2%C) except a few coals, but decreases suddenly as coal rank increases above this point. The relation between hydrogen content and K value increases with increase in hydrogen content.
When the ratio of K value of absorption band at 3, 030cm^-1 to that at 2, 920cm^-1 is plotted against carbon content for Japanese coals and foreign coal, almost all coals irrespective of the place of origin are found to lie on the same curve. That is, the ratio of aromatic CH hydrogen to alphatic CH hydrogen increases with increase in coal rank and shows steep increase above 90%C.
Total hydrogen determined by ultimated analysis is subtracted by the hydrogen, in hydroxyl group and this difference is assumed to be CH hydrogen, from which the aromatic and the aliphatic hydrogen is calculated. The ratio of the aromatic hydrogen to the total carbon increases while the ratio of the aliphatic hydrogen to the total carbon decreases, with increasing carbon content.
The aliphatic carbon atoms are assumed to be in CH₂ groups and the difference between the total carbon atoms and the aliphatic carbon atoms is regarded as the aromatic carbon atoms. The ratio of the aromatic carbon to the total carbon increases rapidly with increasing carbon content and reaches 93% for Omine coal (92.2%C).

View full abstract

Infrared spectra of coals in different ranks have been measured, as described in the previous paper, by the KBr technique as quantitatively as possible. The specific extinction coefficients, K (l/g·cm), at 1, 600, 1, 450, 1, 380, 1, 260, 870, 820 and 750cm^-1 were calculated and their relations with the elementary composition were discussed.
1. Base-line
Three methods that could be taken up in the technical means were examined; in A method the maximum value of transmission at near 1, 850cm^-1 was taken as the base; in B method the base-line according to R.A . Friedel, and in C method the line between the shoulder at near 1, 800cm^-1 and that at near 700cm^-1 was used respectively . For the absorption band at 1, 380cm^-1, however, the base-line according to R .A. Friedel was used.
For each absorption band between 1, 600cm^-1 and 900cm^-1 the corresponding K values calculated by above mentioned methods are quite near, but for the absorption bands under 900cm^-1 K values obtained by A method namely differ from that by other two methods.
2. Absorption band at 1, 600cm^-1The assignment of the absorption band near 1, 600cm^-1 is still undefinite at present, but in general the band have been assumed to be due to hydrogen bonded carbonyl groups as well as aromatic C=C structures . When K values of the band are plotted against the carbon content of coal, a straight line is formed which declines toward high carbons. On the other hand, a straight line declines toward low oxygens when the relations between oxygen content of coal and K is considered.
3. Absorption bands at 1, 450 and 1, 380cm^-1
These absorption bands at 1, 450 and 1, 380cm^-1 are assignd to aliphatic and hydroaromatic CH hydrogen. The K value at 1, 450cm^-1 decreases gradually as the carbon content of coal increases. So far as Japanese coals are regarded, the K value at 1, 380cm^-1 increases with increasing carbon content until Yabari coal (86 .2% C), and then decreases beyond this point.
4. Absorption band at 1, 260cm^-1The K value at 1, 260cm^-1 which is assigned to phenolic C-O- and aromatic ether decreases nearly linearly with increasing carbon content of coal or with decreasing oxygen content.
5. Absorption bands at 870, 820 and 750cm^-1These absorption bands at 870, 820 and 750cm^-1 have been assumed to be due to out-of-plane CH vibration in benzene and condensed aromatic ring system. The K values calculated according to B and C methods increase with increasing coal rank, especially the K value at 750cm^-1 increases rapidly beyond Moura coal (87.6% C).

View full abstract