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Volume 59, Issue 12
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[in Japanese]1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 969
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (262K) -
Toshiaki KABE1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 970-980
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of heavy oil fractions is of interst and importance for upgrading the heavy oil because it is a means for removing basic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds which can poison acidic catalysts used in cracking and refining.The emerging synthetic fuels industry provides a second motivating factor for nitrogen removal: the need for minimizing NOx formation during the combustion of coal and shale oil liquids.HDN is accomplished by the use of conventional hydrodesulfurization technology with a slight-ly modified catalyst at higher temperatures and pressures and lower space velocities.In order to development for more effective processes, some work has been carried out with model compounds to gain information on key mechanistic steps and to find some leads towards cat-alyst improvements.The recent studies of HDN of carbazole and acridine suggest that, after the hydrogenation of aromatic rings, HDN of the hydrogenated heterocyclic ring is accelated.This supports the conclusion that the hydrogen consumption for HDN is larger than for hydrodesulfurization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1794K) -
Ikuo SAITO, Kazutoshi IMUTA, Toshio YAMAKAWA1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 981-989
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMiike coal extract was catalytically hydrotreated at 340-460°C, 0-90 min, 4.9-12.8 MPa (hydrogen initial pressure) in a batch autoclave.Sulfur and Nitrogen removal and yield (gas+oil+BS) were related to the experimental conditions.As expected, sulfur and nitrogen removal increased with reaction parameters, but nitrogen elimination was 46% at the most as compared with 70% of sulfur removal.Yield also increased, but had a tendency to decline by repolymerization of reaction product after the optimal condition.At the most severe condition, 460°C, 60 min, thermal cracking became predominant and total gas yield came up to 26%, then yield (gas+oil+BS) ostensibly increased again.Thus the reaction behavior was a little complicated in the absense of solvent.Optimal hydrotreating removed 70% of the sulfur and 34% of the nitrogen at 400°C, 30 min or 380°C, 60 min, then yield (gas+oil+benzene soluble part) was 79%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1133K) -
Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Nakaji YUKI1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 990-996
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRemoval of oxygen from air by pressure swing adsorption was examined using various coal chars.Oxygen concentration in product gas decreased with the decrease of period of a pressure swing cycle.The degree of removal of oxygen was markedly influenced by the length of adsorbent bed.Bituminous coal char carbonized at 700°C was found to be most effective for removal of oxygen from air.Significant increase of the efficiency of removal of oxygen from air was caused by Fe3O4 added to coal char.View full abstractDownload PDF (865K) -
Yuji TOKUSHIGE, Kazuo AKITA1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 997-1005
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBurning characteristics of a single droplet of gelled-pentane and -kerosene (80-95vol.%, oil in water type) were studied experimentally.The results show that“D2 law”which has been used to the droplet burning of liquid fuels, can be also applied for these cases.The evaporation constants and the flame diameters for gelled kerosene were smaller than those of pure kerosene, and these values decreased with the lowering of fuel content in the gel.
In the droplet combustion of gelled fuel, a special behavior called“splash”was observed at the last stage of stable burning.It was confirmed through a few additional experiments that this phenomenon was caused by the rapid evaporation of residual water in the droplet.Delayed evaporation of water during the combustion of gelled fuel droplet was also supported from the comparison between theoretical calculation and experimental value of evaporation constant.
Moreover, a similar experimental procedure was applied to the gelled kerosene in double and triple droplets systems.The results show that“D2 law”holds true even under these condi-tion, and the maximum evaporation constants obtain from the droplet interval where the enve-lope flame makes into just contact with an adjacent droplet flame.Splash phenomenon was also found for these conditions, but it occurs earier than the case of single droplet.This result seems to be originated in the increase of heat flux from flame to droplet.View full abstractDownload PDF (1364K) -
Toshiaki YANO, Kenichi ITO1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 1006-1015
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to present data on quenching distances of methanol, methanol / iso-octane, methanol / ethanol blends.Effects of adding ignition improver, such as aniline and amyl-nitrate, for methanol, ethanol, and iso-octane were also examined.The quenching distances were measured by means of the teflon-flanged electrodes method.Quenching distances measured for methane were used to check reliability of the present ap-paratus, and these values practically agreed with the data obtained by lewis et al.
For methanol-air mixtures, the quenching distances became minimum value at a slightly rich mixture and were inversely proportional to 0.61-0.71 power of the mixture temperature in lean region ( φ AF≥ 1.0 ) and 0.40-0.57 in rich region ( φ AF < 1.0 ) .The air-f uel equivalence ratios which gave the minimum quenching distances of methanol, ethanol, and iso-octane-air mixtures shifted towards richer stoichiometric mixture in the order of the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient with these fuels.The quenching distances of methanol / iso-octane and methanol / ethanol blends were never larger than those of either neat fuel and were linearly dependent on the blending ratio indicated by liquid volume percent.Methanol, with a small amount of ignition improver added, yields smaller quenching distances than those of neat methanol.Most effective mixing ratios for the quenching distances were obtained by adding aniline of 0.6-0.8vol% and amyl-nitrate of 0.8-1.0vol%.Aniline has a greater effect on the reduction in the quenching distance than amyl-nitrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1392K) -
Tadashi YAMAMOTO, Toshihiko TAKAMURA, Masahumi KATSUTA1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 1016-1024
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the results of the practical and performance test of the heat driven pump are presented, which is developed as recovering facility of the waste heat at high temperature level.The heat driven pump consists of the U-type tube with the check valves installed both ends.This pump can transfer liquid and heat simultaneously by cyclic pressure fluctuation in tube, which is induced from the results of the boiling and condensation phenomena in the working liquid.
The experiments are made threefold.At first, a empirical test of copper tubed pump, which simulates a practical use of this pump, is carried out with gas burner heating.Next test that uses a pump made from pylex glass tube, is carried out in order to visualize the flow pattern in tube.Then, a performance test is carried out, using electrical heating.
As a result of these tests, it can be concluded that the working region of this pump depends on the flow pattern of the working fluid in the upper heated tube and the discharged flow rate of this pump is controlled by the rate of supplied heat at the lower heated tube.View full abstractDownload PDF (1490K) -
Toshihiko SAITO, Katsuyoshi KUMAZAWA, Moriyoshi SAKAMOTO1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 1025-1031
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of various vaporizing blue flame burners for home appli-ances has been continuing in Japan, Because of their clean and smoke free combustion and fast response for on-off operation.They are premixed-type burners whose combustion-spaces are separated from the vaporizing and premixing-spaces by a plate with a number of flame ports.
These conventional vaporizing burners, however, operate with a very narrow firing range due to the flame port plates which prevent flame flashback from the combustion-space to the vaporizing and premixing-space.
This paper discribes design consideration, construction and performance of a new vaporizing burner which has a wider firing range operation and blue flame combustion.The burner is a “can-type ”, -for heat input of 4500 Kcal / h-quite different from the“pot-type”and the conventional vaporizing burner.
Test results have shown that:
(1) by vaporizing fuel and mixing it with the high velocity air flow, about 10 m/s through a number of open-holes with 1 mm diameter on the liner, stable and smoke free combustion-a clean and blue flame-can be achieved.
(2) by arranging the ratio of the annular air flow path AA to that of the liner AL, AA/AL >0.36, stable combustion can be maintained throughout the operating range, turn-down ratio 1/4-1/5, at the fixed air flow rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (914K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 1032-1035
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (736K) -
[in Japanese]1980 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 1036-1039
Published: December 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (776K)
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