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Volume 60, Issue 1
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (342K) -
Fine CeramicsAkio KATO1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 3-11
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEvolution of technologies solving evergy problems-more efficient use of evergy sources and development of new energy-rely largely on the material developments.All energy systems such as high temperature gas turbines, MHD, fuel cells, nuclear fusion and generation of electric power by solar energy need high temperature materials with character-istics required by each application.Inorganic materials, i.e.ceramics, which are characterized by high temperature capability and wide varieties in chemical composition and high tempera-ture properties, have potentials to meet the requirements in energy problem applications Silicon nitride and silicon carbide, which have good high temperature strength, high corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistances, have recieved a great deal of attention as potential materials for ceramic gas turbine engines which can contribute to fuel savings by the high temperature performance.By the brittleness and high melting point of ceramic materials, forming and shaping them to develop uniform properties are inherently far difficult in com parison with metals and polymers.A mass production of ceramic materials with the high levels of reproducibility and reliability is required until the ceramic gas turbines are put into practical applications. Silicon nitride and silicon carbide contain abundant elements: Si, N, and C.For Japan having very poor natural resources but a high technology level, thus, the development of ceramic gas turbines presents a significantly valuable problem to challenge.View full abstractDownload PDF (1375K) -
Yoneichi IKEDA1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 12-20
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn view of recent energy problems, the subject processes are reviewed and discussed in the following.
1) Previous developments in Japan.
2) Comparison of gasification processes.
3) Results of the development of entrained bed gasifiers.
4) Important subjects on the development of new processess.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
Takao HASHIMOTO, Hiroyuki TOYOSHIMA, Takeo IMAIZUMI, Mitsunori IKEZOE, ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 21-30
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catalytic activities of various binary and ternary catalysts, Fe (OH) 3-α, Fe (OH) 3-S-α (α=Ni (OH) 2, CuO, Al (OH) 3, Zn (OH) 2, MoO3) were examined for the direct liquefaction of Minamiohyubari coal in the presence of decrystalized and hydrogenated anthracene oil as vehicle at reaction temperature 410°C and initial hydrogen pressure 10.13 MPa.Further, the mechanism of catalytic action for catalysts having higher catalytic activi-ties was investigated with both differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The following experimental results were obtained: (1) Of the catalysts tested, especially Fe (OH) 3-Ni (OH) 2, Fe (OH) 3-CuO and Fe (OH) 3-SMoO3 catalysts had remarkable high activities; (2) Above metallic compounds were all found to be effective as promotors for Fe (OH) 3-S, showing higher activity and oil selectivity. There was a suitable ratio of additive amount of S and the promotor into Fe (OH) 3 in order to obtain the highest activity; (3) The catalytic activity of the Fe (OH) 3-Ni (OH) 2 was considered to be due to Ni and Fe3O4 formed from Ni (OH) 2 and Fe (OH) 3 by their decomposition and reduction at lower temperature in hydrogen atmosphere.The mechanism of catalytic action of the Fe (OH) 3-CuO catalyst is seemed to be almost the same as that of the Fe (OH) 3-Ni (OH) 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1414K) -
Mitsuo KOBAYASHI, Yuzo TODA, Tsutomu KATO, Hitohisa KATO, Mamoru KAIHO ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 31-38
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been known that the evolution of methane shows the maxima at about 550°Cand 750°C when a coal was heated in the atmosphere of pressurized hydrogen under non-isothermal condition.
In order to make clear the hydrogasification phenomena in the visinity of the maximum at lower temperatare, 550°C, Taiheiyo coal and its carbonized products were gasified under a hydrogen pressure of 40 atm at constant temperatures, 400-600°C, for 5 hours to which the small scale batch-type gasifier was heated from outside electrically. Discussions were made taking both the changes with time in evolution rate of gaseous hydrocarbons and the conver-sions of carbon and hydrogen in the starting material to gaseous, liquid and residual products into account.
It is suggested that at lower temperature below about 600°C the gaseous hydrocarbon is evolved not by the reaction between the hydrogen and the carbon itself in the coal but that between the hydrogen and the limitted active sites in the coal which are excited by the in-crease of temperature but depressed remarkably by the stop of the increase of temperature. The active sites in the carbonized coal heat-treated below reaction temperature were as effective as those in the untreated raw coal, while those in the carbonized coal above reaction tem-perature disappeard almost completely resulting in no evolution of gaseous hydrocarbons.View full abstractDownload PDF (1080K) -
Mitsunori MAKINO, Yuzo TODA, Tsutomu KATO, Hitohisa KATO, Mitsuo KOBAY ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 39-45
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the hydrogasification reaction of coal, the change in weight loss and the corresponding gaseous products were measured at various hydrogen pres-sures under non-isothermal conditions.
The evolutions of gaseous hydrocarbons by hydrogasification began from about 420°C, reached their respective maximam rate at the same temperature of about 550°C and then decreased irrespective of the hydrogen pressure. After showing the minima at about 600°C, the formations of methane and ethane again increased to the clear second maxima. It was found that below 600°C the ratio of the formation rate of ethane to that of methane remained constant regardless of the reaction temperature, but increased with increase in hydrogen pres-sure. This suggests that some active portion of carbon in coal structure will simultaneously produce gaseous hydrocarbons including ethylene and propane.
Above 600°C, methane was predominatingly produced from fixed carbons at a rate proportional both to the hydrogen pressure and to the weight of residual coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Nakaji YUKI, Hiroshi KITAGAWA1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possibility of the preparation of molecular sieving carbon from Saran waste was studied. Saran waste was first decomposed and carbonized at 800°C. Then, adding 7.4 wt% of coal tar pitch and 13.0 wt% of sulfite pulp waste liquor, Saran chars were granulated into sphere using disc-type pelletizer. Thus obtained spherical particles were heated at 600-1000°C.
The granulated Saran carbons heated at 600 or 700°C have been found to have negligible capacities for iso-butane and significant capacities for n-butane, indicating 5 A molecular sieve properties similar to zeolite 5 A. Saran carbons prepared at 800-1000°C adsorbed considerable amount of iso-butane and their capacities for iso-butane decreased with increase of heat treatment temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
The activity of fluidizing materials prepaired from dolomite and iron sulfateYoshiro MORITA, Yoshinori KONDO, Takaichi NAKAZATO, Tadahiro FUKE, Eii ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 52-57
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluidized bed combustion of a vacuum residue of Arabian Light was investigated using some kind of fluidizing materials composed by dolomite and Fe2O3. The highest combustion efficiency and desulfurization activity were obtained when the neutralized pricipitate of Yanahara mine derinage was used as the source of Fe2O3. It is produced when iron are stone is mined at Yanahara. It is mainly composed of iron sulfate and very cheap ion source. Fe208 from the neutralized precipitate of Yanahara mine derainage was loaded on the dolomite (YA-Dolomite).
As a result CaO utilization attained 47%, NOx concentration was reduced to about 120 ppm by the addition of 1, 050 ppm of NH3. It seems that the desirable property of YA-Dolomite depends on its porous surface. YA-Dolomite could be used effectively at 5% excess air because of its high activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
Hiroshi UCHIDA, Yoshimichi TSURU, Tatsuya KAWADA, Daijiro TERASAKI, Ta ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 58-64
Published: January 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe liquid redox desulfurization using 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid as redox catalyst has been studied by a stirred vessel, a laboratory apparatus and a pilot for 2, 000 Nm3/hr coal gas.
The experimental results indicated that this redox catalyst has high activity and selec-tivity to thiosulfate. Particularly, on the pilot plant for 2, 000 Nm3/hr coal gas, 1 mol/m3 of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid obtained the same desulfurization coefficiency as 2 mol/ma of ammonium 1, 4-naphthoquinone-2-sulfonate. Accordingly, for the liquid redox desulfuriza-tion where no sulfur is deposited in the solution, it is more excellent than the earlier organic catalysts such as ammonium 1, 4-naphthoquinone-2-sulfonate.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K)
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