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Volume 65, Issue 12
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[in Japanese]1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 973
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (209K) -
Ikutoshi MATSUMURA1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 974-984
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResearch for utilizing methanol substituted for automobil fuel have been advanced in developed countries, mainly U.S.A. and German. In Japan, MITI started a project of the research of highly blended methanol fuel in 1985.
The neat methanol has good properties to substitute for gasoline except some problems caused by invisible flame, explosiveness and poor startability of an engine under low temperature.
The study in 1985 indicates that those problemes associated with neat methanol are resolved by blending about 15% hydrocarbons to methanol. Reid vaporpressure of highly blended methanol fuel is controled 0.6-0.8kg/cm2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1228K) -
Yoshihiro WAHIRA1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 985-995
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the aim of preventing further vehicle pollution in cities and fueldiversification, the Japanese Ministry of Transport is currently taking various measures including fleet tests in order to introduce methanol-powered vehicles into the truck and bus transportation fields.
This paper presents the contents of the“Report on a Survey and Study of the Introduction of Methanol-powered Vehicles” and is authored by the person who has been in charge of the administrative office of the “Special Committee for Alcohol Fuel Use for Vehicles” since 1985, which was established under the guidance of the Japanese Ministry of Transport in the Japan Transport Economics Research Center.
The following are its major contents:
1. Background on the introduction of methanol-powered vehicles.
2. Areas in which methanol-powered vehicles have been introduced.
3. Status of methanol-powered vehicle development in Japan.
4. Outline of the fleet test project for trucks and buses by the Japanese Ministry of Transport.View full abstractDownload PDF (2293K) -
The Reaction of Di-and Tricyclic Aromatic CompoundsShiro USAMI, Kiyoshi HASEGAWA, Tsutomu KATO, Shinichi NAKAMURA, Hirosh ...1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 996-1003
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the coal solubilization mechanism by reductive alkylation, six coal-related polyaromatic compounds (PAHs) were treated in M/THF/CH3I and M/NH3-THF/CH3I systems (M: Li, Na and K). In the K/THF system, acenaphthylene and anthracene, which posess high electron affinities, form dianions readily whilst naphthalene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene formed almost dianions after 72hr.
The reduction and reductive methylation products were analyzed by GC and GC-MS in detail. Protons and methyl groups occupied positions of highest electron density in the dianions as calculated by HMO theory. The reaction in liquid ammonia was more reactive than in THF. Product distributions were characteristic of PAHs. The products were typed into reduction, reductive methylation, methylation, reductive dimerization and other compounds. The conversion in the K/THF/CH3I system increased in the order of acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene>anthracene>naphthalene>phenanthrene and in the K/NH3-THF/CH3I system the conversion was almost 100% except phenanthrene. The study of changing the concentration of PAHs and the kind of metals showed potassium as superior reducing metal for PAHs conversion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1037K) -
Minoru SHIRAISHI, Shinji HIGUCHI, Ryohei OTSUKA1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 1004-1011
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree different ranks of-coals (Taiheiyo, Yubari and Cerro) carbonized at 1200°C were investigated to clarify the microtexture. These carbonized coals were compared with the deashed ones, phenol-folmaldehyde resin and petroleum residue heattreated at the same temperature in microtexture formation by using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Although minerals contained affect the microtexture formation in carbonized coal, the substantial phases of the above carbonized coals are as follows: Taiheiyo coal gives its carbonized one a porous micropore phase in which a unit structure consists of only two carbon layers in 2 nm, and it is distributed irregularly in the microtexture. On the other hand, both Yubari and Cerro coals give substantially lamella phase, in which their unit structures are piled in three or four carbon layers in 2 nm, and each other locally in a preferred orientation along the c-axis. But Cerro coal gives a strong preferred orientation as compared with Yubari one. Moreover, the rate of stacking structure in carbonized Cerro coal (about 90%) is higher than in Yubari one (about 80%).View full abstractDownload PDF (1808K) -
Katsumori TANABE, Susumu YOKOYAMA, Masaaki SATOIJ, Yuzo SANADA1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 1012-1019
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydroaromatic components in solvents for coal liquefaction reaction, by donating their naphthenic hydrogen, play an important role in stabilization of radical fragments caused by thermal repture of coal.
The starting solvents AO and HAO and the recycling solvent S-1-S-6 were analysed with the HPLC-MS method to elucidate their chemical components . From the results of mass analyses for various compounds of different aromatic ring number classes, the amounts of donatable hydrogen bonded to naphthenic rings in hydroaromatic structure were estimated. These were called PDQI values (proton donor quality index), indicating the measure of hydrogen donatability. Also new procedure by 1H-NMR were devised for estimation of PDQI. The amounts of hydrogen in the β and further positions in naphthenic rings (HPLC-1H-NMR (β)) and in the α position as well as further positio ns in aromatic rings (HPLC-1 NMR (α)) were measured. These measurements were performed on compound class fractions in which the ranges of chemical shifts for various bonding hydrogens especially α hydrogens, can be precisely calculated owing to their uniform aromatic ring structure separated by HPLC. The estimates of the PDQI from the three different methods were compared, and showed fairly good agreement.
Benzene soluble conversion yields of coal liquefaction were correlated with the PDQI values of each recycling solvent used for liquefaction reaction . The solvent HAO had the highest value of PDQI: from 7.7 to 10.2mg-H/g-solvent, according to the different methods described above. HAO also provided the highest yields in coal liquefaction . As solvents were recycled, their PDQI gradually decreased, and coal liquefaction yields also decreased. This phenomena indicates that hydrogen donatability of solvent gradually decreases owing to the loss of hydroaromatic naphthene hydrogen to donate to coal fragments, with repetition of recycle runs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1044K) -
Isao MOCHIDA, Atsushi YUFU, Kinya SAKANISHI, Yozo KORAI, Takaaki SHIMO ...1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 1020-1026
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAustralian brown coal was liquefied, using tetrahydrofluoranthene (4HFL) as solvent under high temperature and short contact time conditions. This liquefaction method was very effective in producing oil and asphaltene, and the best yields (67 and 10%) were achieved in the reaction at 510°C for 2.5 min. The liquefaction with a solvent of less 4HFL at 450°C was found also efficient in producing oil and asphaltene with the least of gas production. Deashing pretreatment of the coal in methanol-1N-HCl aq. solution for 24h removed calcium, magnesium and iron ions from the coal and improved the yields of oil and asphaltene to 68 and 14%, respectively. The favorable effects of less 4HFL to increase asphaltene by depressing gas yield, gave an oil +asphaltene yield as high as 90%. Preheating was found also effective in improving the yields to 75 and 9% when the preheating was strictly performed at 360°C. Such pretreatment decreased principally the gas yields. Effects of pretreatment in the liquefaction reaction were discussed in connection with the structure of the brown coal, although the effects were rather limited because of very high efficiency of 4HFL.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Effect of Coal QualityTadayuki KATAOKA, Kenji TOYODA1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 1027-1033
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using O2 pulse reaction method which is able to measure isothermal burn-off kinetics under successive O2 pulse injection and product gas analysis, the burn-off tests have been performed for size-graded fraction (53-74μm) of nine types of pulverized coals at 600°C in the temperature range of chemical reaction rate-determining step.
The results show that the pulse combustion progresses with conversions to CO and CO2 and volatile oxidation and the traditional characteristics of these reaction rates with burn-off change according to coal type.
In over all burn-off, the mean conversions rate constant to CO2 and the ratio of both mean conversion rate constants are found to have good correlation with the coal parameter of [moisture (%, af)] 2/3/fuel ratio.
This parameter also correlates to unburned ratios of pulverized coals in an actual boiler.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
Toshio HIROTA, Koji MASUDA, Yasunari HOSHINO1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 1034-1042
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn engine fueled by reformed methanol gas offers the advantages of high thermal efficiency and clean exhaust emissions. The reformer, which recovers exhaust gas energy and decomposes methanol into a gas made up of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc., should be miniaturized for installation in automotive engines. The authors wish to report their results on several experiments on reformative catalysts and heat exchangers.
A Pt catalyst showed higher activity than other base metal catalysts after high temperature durability testing. The activity of the Pt catalyst was improved by adding CeO, ZrO2, etc. and by reduction treatment. In regard to heat transfer surface on the exhaust gas side, it was confirmed that a high-density, low-plain fin surface requires less volume than a louver fin surface.
Using these results, we developed a compact reformer of about 5 litters in volume and 8.5 kilograms in weight. Engine tests with the reformer installed showed a high thermal efficiency of up to 40.5% and clean exhaust emissions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
[in Japanese]1986 Volume 65 Issue 12 Pages 1043-1050
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (960K)
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