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Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 187-188
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K) -
Akira Shimomura1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 189-200
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContrary to the usual progress in human civilization, the raw material for town gas making sarted in coal, the most complex of hydrocarbons, became petroleum products, less complex, and is now fast changing into methane (natural gas), the simplest form of a hydrocarbon.
In the foreseeable future, it is predicted that the town gas all over the world will become a straight natural gas due to advancement of techniques of sea transportation of LNG.
However, in the fardistant future when all petroleum and natural gas will have disappeared from the earth crust, the town gas must again rely on coal whose reserves are far more abundant than those of petroleum and natural gas. In this case, however, the gas obtained from coal must be a substitute for natural gas.
The following list of chapters will give an outline of this paper:
I. Changing Modes of Raw Materials for Town Gas Making.
II. Changing Pattern of Methods of Town Gas Making.
1. Coal Carbonisation.
2. Coal Gasification.
3. Oil Gasification.
III. Recent Status of Gas Industries in Various Countries.
IV. The Town Gas in the Foreseeable Future.
1. Natural Gas.
2. LNG.
3. New Sources of Natural Gas.
V. The Town Gas in the Far-distant Future.
VI. Conclusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1613K) -
Tomio Hirose1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 201-210
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are some refineries equiped with a desalter which removes impurities contained in crude oil and reduces fouling and corrosion in refinery equipment.
This article is based on the literatures, home and abroad, and summaries what impurities are contained in crude oil, what benefits can be gained by eliminating these, Particularly putting emphasis on the relation between the corrosion and desalting, what theories of desalting are, and what financial sawings are expected from desalting.
Desalting is said to be good for reduction of fouling problem on equipments, but this is not always the case with prevention of corrosion. There is no agreed opinion about its effectiveness, for it depends on what type of crude oil is processed and what type of plants are installed in the refinery. Therefore, budget justification for desalting is the problem for each refinery to decide under consideration of its refinery situations.
If, in the near future, desulfurization plant of residuum is forced to be installed from view point of air pollution, the two-stage desalting might be closed up.View full abstractDownload PDF (1347K) -
Kozo Morinaga, Kikuo Tajima, Yoshiteru Jomoto, Yuzo Kanayama, Hiroshi ...1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 211-218
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the methods for reducing blast furnace iron-making cost is to inject auxiliary fuels throngh the tuyeres.
As for the fuel used, heavy oil is commonly used with one exception or two.
In using heavy oil as auxiliary fuel, however, there arises the problem of an increase in sulfur content in the pig iron, and of heat compensation to increase the fuel used.
These problems can be solved by using coal produced in Hokkaida, where the Muroran Works of Fuji Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. is located.
On the other hand, however, since coal price fluctuation in Japan is wide, it would be far more advantageous, in reducing cost, to set up a technique for injecting a slurry-form fuel, a mixture of coal and heavy oil.
In the summer of 1961, research on studying the selection of coals, viscosity of slurry and critical velocity in piping was launched to ascertain the properties of slurry.
On the basis of the knowledge gained, slurry equipment was provided for the No.1 blast furnace at the Muroran Works, with an inner volume of 1, 042m3, (afterwards relined to 1, 126m3) and actual slurry injection test was carried on, and now slurry of 50wt% coal concentration is being injected quite satisfactory into blast furnace through 16 tuyeres.
By means of slurry injection, the sulphur content of pig iron thus produced has been reduced. The effect of using slurry on the out-put of pig iron and other blast furnace performance is about the same as in the case of using heavy oil alone. But, since slurry is cheaper than heavy oil, the use of slurry has cut down the cost of pig iron production.View full abstractDownload PDF (898K) -
Satoshi Hayashi, Tetsuo Izawa1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 219-225
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDue to the recent recession in the coal tar industry in this country, Nippn Kokan K. K. naturally dicided to use economical crude tar instead of heavy oil in the blast furnace operation.
We performed test operations at No.4 B. F. Kawasaki Iron Works and achieved, as well, fundamental experiments at the research lavoratory in 1962.
The results of that test operation showed the superiority of crude tar, being less expensive than heavy oil, as an auxiliary fuel for blast furnace so far as it is used with appropriate precautions
It was therefore decided to operate with full-scale crude tar injection,
At present the crude tar injecting operation is effected on Kawasaki No.4, No.5 B. F. and Fukuyama No.1 B. F. without any trouble.
This paper presents how the operation was carried out and especially contain issues as follows:
1. Difficulties of coal tar injection
2. Equipments and their operationView full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
Hydrocracking of Hexane under PressureEisuke Ogata1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 226-233
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrocracking of “hexane” (n-hexane 64.4%) was performed in a conventional fixed-bed down-flow system over the temperature range from 300° to 600°C, and under prsssure of 50 and 100kg/cm2. The activity of the catalysts were found to be in the order of nickel>nickel-tungsten sulfide>tungsten sulfide>molybdenum sulfide>silica-alumina (“Neobead” alumina 85%).
Nickel was the most active catalyst, and the product was mostly methane, the formation of ethane and propane being only a small.
Other series of the catalysts (molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide and nickeltungsten system) showed the lower activities than nickel. With these catalysts, ethane, propane and other intermediates, as well as methane were found to be formed in a considerable amount. It is expected that the hydrocracking with these catalysts proceeds via a different path from that with nickel catalyst.View full abstractDownload PDF (950K) -
1967 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 239-244
Published: April 20, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (781K)
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