Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-226X
Print ISSN : 0369-3775
ISSN-L : 0369-3775
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Volume 52, Issue 8
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 639-640
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_639
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Recenet Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Petroleum Industry
    Masao Kajikawa
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 641-651
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_641
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Atomic absorption spectrometry has come into wide use in many industrial fields since 10 years ago because of the high sensitivity, the short time required, and relatively low-priced installations. In petroleum refineries, it is also used for the routine analysis. This spectrometry, however, has not been authorized yet as the analytical method for petroleum products, such as ASTM method.
    In view of such a situation, the author has referred to some recent literatures on a few typical products.
    Consequently it has become clean that the conventional method using flame for atomization, requires scrupulous cares in the measurement concentrating on reproducibility, though it is regarded as being almost perfect. A new method having no need of flame for atomization will beapplied to the analyses of food or to the analyses for environmental problems, as the sensitivity is 100-1000 times over that of conventional one.
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  • Treatment of Asphalt with Metal Chlorides [I]
    Tsugio Miyagawa, Ichiro Fujishima, Yoshinobu Takegami, Toshimitsu Suzu ...
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 652-660
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_652
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    The main object of this work was to improve the caking properties of asphalt as organic additives to poorly caking coals. An asphalt, which was heavy petroleum residues of naphthenic crude, was treated with metal chlorides.
    The following results were obtained.
    1) The contents of n-pentane asphaltene and n-heptane asphaltene could be increased easily.
    2) Petrolenes with comparatively high aromaticity converted to asphaltenes.
    3) With respect to reaction mechanism, the chlorination may occur at nuclear carbon or α-alkyl carbon and intra-or intermolecular reactions may occur between alkyl side chain and aromatic nuclei.
    Otherwise, paraffinic portion (together with paraffinic methyl or methylene β or further removed from aromatic rings) may change to the asphaltenes in the manner of polymerization, cyclization or aromatization.
    4) Caking properties were improved according to increase of asphaltene contents.
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  • Dry Distillation and Decomposition of Asphalts
    Yoshiro Morita, Yoshio Sohda, Ken Suzuki, Tatsuo Omata, Kosaku Ohta, T ...
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 661-668
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_661
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    Fundamental studies have been made to get low-sulfur fuels from petroleum residue. Asphalts were decomposed to gases, oil and coke by dry distillation.
    The data concerning on product yield and sulfur distribution were obtained in temperature range 400-1000°C. As raising temperature, cracking proceeded up to 700°C and dehydrogenation of coke followed in higher temperature. Sulfur content of oil was 2. 4-3.4wt.%, and H2S was 2. 0-8. 0vol.% of gas produced. More than 40wt.% of feed sulfur remained in coke.
    Coke was converted to carbon oxides and hydrogen by steam. CaO, BaCO3, MgO, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 catalyzed these reactions, and CaO accepted sulfur by the reaction CaO+H2S=CaS+H2O.
    Hydrogen had little effects on product yield and sulfur distribution.
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  • Formation Mechanism of Carbon Flower
    Qualitative Observation
    Takeshi Sakai, Masao Kito, Teruo Sekiguchi
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 669-679
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_669
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    Carbon flower, formed on a tip of burner of the internal combustion engine or the spray combustion system, is a problem of the combustion operation of heavy fuel oil which makes trouble on maintainance and operation.
    Without concerning of chemical properties of carbon flower, the formation mechanism of carbon flower is studied by means of model experimental apparatus using NaCl solution as liquid sample, and by means of two dimensional nozzle to clarify the flow pattern near the nozzle. The physical conditions, geometrical shapes of combustion chamber near the atomization nozzle, flow pattern of gas and heat transfer to flower, which effected on the formation of flower were examined.
    The following facts were clarified.
    1) Tip of the nozzle hole is wetted by solution and heated, the nucleus of flower is generated by evaporation and drying up.
    2) The annulas nucleus is grown up to longitudinal direction through the process of exudation and drying up by the heat transfer from ambient and conduction.
    3) The vortex stream which generated near the nozzle entrains considerable number of suspended spray droplets. A part of droplets transported by vortex are collided with flower wall and dried up, therefore the flower grows stratiformly to radius direction.
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  • Oxy-Fuel [I]
    Properties of Gasoline Containing Alcohols
    Iwao Matsumoto, Tadato Yamamoto
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 680-690
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_680
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    The study on the adaptability of gasoline containing oxigenated compounds, particularly alcohols, for engine and on the determination of emission components in the exhaust gas gave the following results.
    1) The gasoline containing oxigenated compounds has an effect of increasing octane numer, although there were some exceptions.
    2) The gasoline containing alcohols has a lower calorific value, but higher thermal efficiency than those of normal gasolines. Therefore, the use of alcohol-containing-gasolin resulted a larger specific fuel consumption at the same ratio of excess air but there was no drop in the maximum output of engine with each oxy-fuels.
    3) The maximum output of engine was obtained with increasing the amount of alcohol added in gasoline at the higher ratio of excess air.
    4) The maximum concentration of Nox in the exhaust gas decreased with increasing the amount of of alcohol added.
    From these results, the use of gasoline containing alcohols might be possible to decrease the amount of emission compoment in the exhaust gas without lowering the engine output.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 697-704
    Published: August 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_697
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  • Erratum
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 705a
    Published: 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_705a
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  • Erratum to : A Study on the Coking Property of Asphalts and Pitches (I)
    1973 Volume 52 Issue 8 Pages 705b
    Published: 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.52.8_705b
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