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Volume 67, Issue 3
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 143
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (224K) -
New Technology for Geothermal Energy UtilizatioMichio KURIYAGAWA1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 144-152
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGeothermal Energy is one of the most important national energy resources. In Japan, nine geothermal energy power plants are under operation and produce 21.5MW by developing a natural hydrothermal reservoir located in a depth of 1, 000m to 2, 000m. In order to increase the electric power from geothermal reservoir, hot dry rock in a high temperature without hydrothermal reservoir has been developed in various countries. The concept of the hot dry rock development system was invented by Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper describes the concept of hot dry rock development and present status of concerned countries which conduct the research and development. Technologies associated in the development are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1447K) -
Deactivation by Mineral Matters in Coal CharTetsuo YAMADA, Tadashi ASAKURA, Atsushi TAKAHASHI, Tsutomu SUZUKI, Tsu ...1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 153-161
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYallourn (YL), Taiheiyo-Kushiro (TK), Grose Valley (GV), and Tatung Yunkang (TY) coal chars loaded with various alkaline earth carbonates were gasified with carbon dioxide by a thermobalance. The measured catalytic activity of additions was mainly discussed in terms of the reaction with mineral matters in the coal char checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
All the carbonates except for magnesium raised the gasification reactivity of coal chars, but the catalytic effect was not so large as that on phenol-formaldehyde resin char (PFC) free from ash. The catalytic activity was particulary small with GV-and TK chars of higher ash content and their gasification residues at 900°C produced XRD peaks assingned to aluminosilicates (Ca2Al2SiO7, CaAl2Si2O8, SrAl2Si2O8, and BaAl2Si2O8) and silicates (Ca3Si2O7, SrSiO3, BaSi2O5, and Ba2SiO4) which could not be observed with the PFC residue. Deminerallization of the two chars by acid treatment enhanced the catalytic effect and the XRD peaks disappeared. According to temperature-programmed XRD, the above alkaline earth aluminosilicates and silicates were formed at about 700-750°C. Above this temperature, the pronounced catalytic activity loss was found to occur. These results indicate that, during the gasification, alkaline earth carbonates react with alumina and silica components of coal ash to lose their catalytic activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (983K) -
Makoto NISHIMURA, Hiroshi MIYADERA1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 162-166
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catalytic activities of the following metal oxides and water-soluble salts in the liquefaction of Taiheiyo coal were compaired: Fe2O3, MoO3, (NH4) 6Mo7O24, SnO2, K2SnO3, ZnO, and Zn (CH3COO) 2. A large quantity of liquids was produced by adding the catalysts containing Tin or Zinc into Taiheiyo coal and creosote oil slurry. The oil yield was increased when the aqueous solution of the salt was added. When an aqueous solution of K2SnO3 was added, the high oil yield and the low asphaltene yield were obtained. It was estimated that this salt was easily converted to the active fine powders of Tin metal with a large surface area.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on Water Content and Particle Size in W/O Type EmulsionsKeizo OGINO, Masahiko ABE, Hiroshi NISHINO1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 167-171
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the structure of nonionic surfactant on particle size and water content in W/O type emulsions have been investigated. The changes to water content and particle size are langer for polyoxyethylene (POE) chain than for alkyl chain in surfactant molecule. The water content increases with increasing POE chain length, but does not change with alkyl chain length. The particle size of W/O type emulsion and the interfacial tension between water and oil containing nonionic surfactant decrease with increasing hydrophilic group of surfactants.
This may be due to that molecules of nonionic surfactant per unit emulsion decrease and the numbers of emulsion increase.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Shinji TANAKA, Shuntaro KOYAMA, Jinichi TOMURO, Atsushi MORIHARA, Shun ...1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 172-180
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of air-blown coal gasification has been studied in a process development unit of an entrained-bed gasifier. Taiheiyo and Ermelo coals were used in this work. Comparing the experimental results obtained in the two-stage gasification method, it was confirmed that there is an appropriateair distribution ratio in the two-stage method which results in the reduction of the difference in the carbon conversions of Taiheiyo and Ermelo coals. Carbon conversion shows a linear relationship with the ratio of total supplied oxygen to the carbon contents in the coals.
The ratio of the experimental value, ηg (cold gas efficiency), to the theoretical value, η*g was introduced as a performance index of the gasifier. On the basis of a slag flow temperature comparison, it was concluded that only a small difference existed in the performance indexes of the air-blown and the oxygen-blown gasifications in this gasifier.View full abstractDownload PDF (953K) -
Tetsu NISHI, Hiroshi HARAGUCHI, Toshiaki OKUHARA1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 181-187
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this investigation is to clarify the influence of micropore volume of coke on reaction of coke and CO2 gas.
We change the micropore volume by deashing treatment and we study the reaction of coke and CO2 in the range of 950°C to 1400°C.
The findings obtained are as follows:
1) The factor of coke quality for CO2 reaction of coke differ by reaction temperature.
(1) At 950°C, contribution of micropore volume is about 30% and contribution of content of optical anisotropic texture is about 70%.
(2) At 1200°C, the influence of content of optical anisotropic texture is gone for the reaction rate and micropore volume of coke decides the reaction rate.
(3) At 1400°C, reaction rate is independent of coke quality.
2) Reactivity in the range of 1000°C to about 1300°C can be dropped by the decrease of micropore volume.
3) As a result, further study is necessary the decrease of micropore volume as the method of decrease of coke reactivity at high temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Akihisa YANAGAWA, Ichiro ANAZAWA1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 188-190
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe studies of influence on irradiation of coals with ultra-high pressure mercury lamp were carried out in the presence of 2-propanol and Rh complex catalyst. The yields of benzene soluble fractions increased by photo-irradiation compared with non-irradiated. The average molcular weight of benzene soluble fractions decreased using Nakayama coaland increased using Yubari coal by photo-irradiation. These tendencies were also found in molcular distribution from gel permeation chromatograms. These changes of benzene fractionsof irradiated coals more increased using photocatalyst. These results suggest that the coals decomposed partially by photo-irradiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
[in Japanese]1988 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 191-198
Published: March 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1101K)
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