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Volume 59, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 143
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (254K) -
Kazuo SHIBATA1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 144-149
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The amount of biomass available on the earth.
2. Three values of biomass: i) food, ii) energy and iii) materials (raw organic materials and timber)
3. The use of photosynthesis mechanism f or high production of biomass and f or production of hydrogen.
4. The use of biomass f or energy (heat, electricity, mixed gases, hydrogen, methane, methanol, ethanol, hydrocarbons, fats, charcoal and briquette) and chemicals.
5. Developement of biomass industry and its characteristics.
6. Solar energy and creatures on the earth.View full abstractDownload PDF (981K) -
Tatsuhiko YAGI1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 150-158
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome microorganisms produce hydrogen gas under some specified conditions. I tried to explain the mechanism and significance of the hydrogen production from some microorganisms which is coupled to the production of ATP to support their life.View full abstractDownload PDF (1314K) -
Kazuhiro TANAKA1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 159-163
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethane fermentation can be utilized as a fuel gas producing process from solar energy because plant-body can become the raw material f or methane fermentation. The bacteria which cause methane fermentation can be grouped into methanogenic bacteria which produce methane and non-methanogenic bacteria which produce substrates f or methanogenic bacteria. The substrates f or methanogenic bacteria are hydrogen and carbon dioxide, acetate, f ormate, and methanol. Acetate is utilized only in the presence of hydrogen by some species of bacteria, and is utilized even in the absence of hydrogen by other species. The existence of bacteria which produce methane from propionate or n-butyrate is doubted. Some examples of symbiotic relation between methanogenic and non-methanogenic bacteria are known. Methane fermentation of algae, water hyacinth, arrowroot, giant kelp etc. has been studied in U.S.A. In Japan methane fermentation of urban wastes has been studied. Now we are needed to carried out not only macroscopic studies on a total system of waste water treatment processes, wastes treatment processes, and solar energy-utilizing processes but also microscopic studies on the phenomenon of methane fermentation itself.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
Shuichi SUZUKI, Masuo AIZAWA1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 164-170
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiochemicalfuel cells, which are unique combination of biochemical and electrochemical reactions, have been developedfor the conversion of biomass to electric energy. The biochemicalfuel cells areclassified into an enzyme cell and a bacterial cell in which enzymes and microbial whole cells are utilized as catalyst, respectively. Abiosolar cell modeled on the photosynthetic process has been currently proposed. The principles and prospective aspects of these energy conversion systems are reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Hiroyuki NISHIMURA1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 171-181
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a result of decreasing supplies of f ossil hydrocarbons it has become recessary to reexamine other sources of raw materials f or possible conversion into hydro-carbons. In connection with the utilization of solar energy for renewable resources, the auther has been concerned with the lipid analysis of photosynthesizing plants such as rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), some dif ferent species of Euphorbia and other latex-bearing plants which grow naturally in tropical and temperate regions. The results have indicated that Euphorbia plants, e. g. E. tirucalli and E. lathyris contain a large amount of lipids such as triglycerides and steroidal triterpenes (about 1 to 2%w/w of the fresh plant). However, since Euphorbia plants have co-carcinogenic and toxic substances, e. g. diterpene esters, the industrial production of these oil might give rise to environmental problems such as air pollution.
It is well known that Eucalyptus plants (some 600 species) also produce amount terpeoidal hydrocarbons. The most fascinating Eucalyptus plants which contain a large of oils have been explored. As the result, E. radiata, which is one of good canditotal. dates was discovered in Australia. It consists of 4.2% volatile and 4.5% non-volatile in total. Namely, about 95l or 8.7% (w/w) of ether-acetone soluble oil is gotten from one ton of the fresh juvenile E. radiata. The utilization of residue which contains cellulose and lignins is also very important. The microbiological biomass conversion of the Eucalyptus residue should be studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1833K) -
Akio KAWAI1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 182-190
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper outlines the current development of energy Plantations for a new energy creation. As follows are the principal items discussed herein.
1) The significance and the role of solar energy utilization technology.
2) The outline of biomass utilization technology.
3) The factors required for being an energy plant.
4) The present situation of the study for E. lathyrus and E. tirucalli.
5) The present situation of the study for Eucaliptus globulous.View full abstractDownload PDF (1453K) -
Hitoshi SHOZAWA1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 191-201
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe national plan for alcohol fuels of sevral countries are introduced. Then author discusses costs of alcohol fuels from different crops and also energy balances through production of alcohol fuels.
The author considers the cronic oil crisis and the South-North problem as the twin brothers of the same economic and political origins. To solve these problems, the author insists to promote the parallel development in both rural and industrial sectors. From this point, alcohol fuels from energy farming will be one of the most hopeful projects. The author compares several crops f or the raw material and finally recomends sweet potato in the Asian region.View full abstractDownload PDF (1738K) -
Yong KIL KIM1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 202-213
Published: March 20, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeasibility studies on automotive alcohol fuels utilization technology may be consist of five stages such as ref ference survey, engine bench tests, car tests on chasis dynamometer, small scale fleet tests and large scale fleet tests. Up to now, the fourth or fifth stage proceed.
this paper describes reviews of feasibility studies in which the technical data to the fourth stage are summarized discussing on mixture characteristics, performances, fuel economy, exhaust emissions, driveabilities, material incompatibility and engine wear.View full abstractDownload PDF (1723K) -
1980 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 226
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (147K)
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