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Volume 61, Issue 11
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[in Japanese]1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 967
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (298K) -
Yoshio KAMIYA1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 968-979
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent works on the effect of iron catalyst on direct coal liquefaction reaction were reviewed from catalytic point of view. Various types of iron compounds such as sulfides, oxides and metallic iron are effective for coal dissolution step, because they enhance the hydrogen donating property of solvent by hydrogenating aromatic nucleus. As well, iron catalysts play an important role in coal liquefaction by hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurizing coal fragments. The most effective form of iron catalyst at the working state in coal liquefaction was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1535K) -
Reiji FUKAZAWA, Kiyoshi MASHIMO, Hisao EDA, Tohru WAINAI1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 980-985
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPetroleum ether insoluble and chloroform soluble parts (γ2 fractions) of pyridine extracts of Australian Moura and Chinese Tatung coals were separated into 6 parts by solvent extractions and liquid chromatography, respectively. These parts were analyzed by 1H-, quantitative 13C-NMR and IR spectrometry.
A linear relationship exists between the ratio of optical densities of 1, 600 to 2, 920 cm-1 bands in the IR spectrum, D1600/D2920, and the ratio of aromatic carbon atoms to alkyl hydrogen atoms in the average molecular structural parameters calculated from the 1H-and 13C-NMR spectra, *Ca/*Hal. Further, it has been found that this relationship applies in γ2 fractions of Japanese coals (Taiheiyo, Akabira, Yubari and Miike) and hydrogenated products of γ2 fraction of Nakayama lignite. Assuming that H/C molar ratio of alkyl groups is 2, the estimated values of aromaticities (fa) in original coals that are only slightly soluble in solvents can be calculated from the D1600/D2920 values and this linear relationship.These estimated aromaticities in the original coals agree fairly well with the values obtained by the other methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Isao MOCHIDA, Keiko MAEDA, Yozo KORAI, Kenjiro TAKESHITA1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 986-997
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crack development in the blast furnace coke was studied at the carbonization and calcination stages by continuous microscopic observation of the same area of the polished coke surface, since the crack may be very influential on its mechanical strength. The extent and direction of the crack development were summarized in relation to the optical texture in the coke.
1) NO crack is observable in the isotropic, Mc and CF texture of the carbonized coke, however some small ones developed by the calcination at 1, 000°C.
2) In the Mvf and Mf regions, no crack appeared even after the calcination.
3) In the F and D regions, cracks observed in the carbonized coke and further grew at the calcination.
4) The cracks appeared in the boundary of the different optical textures.
The initiation and propagation of crack were discussed on the basis of the local contractibity due to the orientation of micro cristallines which reflected the optical texture .View full abstractDownload PDF (4315K) -
Senji HONMA, Yoneshiro TAZAKI, Midori YUMIYAMA, Shohei TAKEDA, Kunihir ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 998-1004
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA single stage pressurized fluidized bed gasifier was developed for producing CO and H2 gas from coal char.
Coal char was gasified by air-steam mixture at temperatures of 880, 950 and 1000°Cand at pressures of 3, 5 and 7kg/cm2G.
Relationship between operating temperature and pressure, feed rate of air and steam, and throughput of char, produced rate of gas, gas composition, energy conversion, carbon conversion were analyzed.
Moreover, produced rate, size distribution and proximate analysis of over-flow ash and cyclone dust were studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Takatoshi MIURA, Tamotsu HANZAWA, I. ISMAIL, Philip L. WALKER1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 1005-1012
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction between lignite chars, loaded with different cations via impregnation, and several gaseous species was studied at 750-1, 000°C. For Na-or K-loaded lignite chars, the rates of gasification in steam were almost one order of magnitude higher than the unloaded demineralized lignite char. In a dry H2/CO mixture (3: 1 by volume), the rates were negative thus indicating the deposition of carbon onto the char surface. In the wet mixture (CO/H2/H2O), however, the chars were gasified with a remarkable catalytic effect in the presence of iron. Structural changes due to steam-gasification up to 66% fractional conversion do not influence the subsequent rates in the wet mixture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1073K) -
Quenching Effect of Additional Hydrogen during Coal GasificationMitsuo MAKINO, Nobuyuki KIKUKAWA, Takeshi FURUTA, Katsuhisa MARUYAMA, ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 1013-1023
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA thermal plasma gasification of coal has an objective to obtain useful gases such as acetylene and hydrogen. Using a new 100kW plasma gasifier having three torches, quenching effect was studied. Additional hydrogen and heliumwere used as quenchants, and Akabira coal (bituminous coal) was used as a sample.
The contact efficiency between coal and plasma flame was found to be fairly improved after some modifications of the reactor and the coal feeder.
When methanewas used as a sample, hydrogen quench was not so effective.
In the case of coal, the large amount of acetylene was decomposed in the absense of quenchants. Coke like materials were produced in the reaction zone, and reactedwith acetylene to make carbon and hydrogen in the cooling zone. Additional hydrogen quenched these materials, and prevented acetylene decomposition. Consequently, acetylene yields were considerably enhanced with hydrogen quench.
The highest acetylene yield per 1kWh was 59g, which is about 1. 7 times as much as our previous results. The carbon conversion to acetylene was 14%, and the concentration of acetylene in the exit gases was 7.0% in the same operation. Thehighest carbon conversion to acetylene was 24%. In this operation, acetylene concentration was 8.8%, and acetylene yield per 1kWh was 55g.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
Shigeru MORIKAWA, Kazumasa TAKAHASHI, Hideto YOSHIDA, Osamu HARASAKI, ...1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 1024-1030
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 12, 000h life test of the V2O5-TiO2 catalyst for reduction of NOx with NH3 has been investigated in real flue gases containing high concentration of SOx from oil-fired boiler on a pilot plant. Steady activities over 90% of NOx reduction were achieved for 12, 000h at 350°C (space velocity: 8, 000h-1). On the other hand, when the catalysts were taken out of the reactor in certain periods and examined by means of a laboratory reactor at 250-450°C, the activities of catalysts decreased with reaction time at lower temperatures (250-300°C) and higher temperature (450°C). It was observed that SOx in flue gas affected their catalytic activities than the other dust components. The characterization of used catalyst was also examined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Masakatsu MIURA, Hiroki NISHIZAKI1982 Volume 61 Issue 11 Pages 1031-1034
Published: November 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been known that the pyrolysis liquor obtained from pyrolysis of municipal wastes or biomass can be used as new liquid fuel.
The pyrolysis liquor from cellulosic matter generally contains a large amount of water, which has an evil effect on ignition or combustion and makes it difficult to obtain its precise calorific value by traditional measuring methods.
We studied a method which enables us to measure the calorific value precisely, using methyl alcohol aqueous solution with moisture up to 100% as a sample. As a result, the measurement of the precise value could be taken by adding nearly the same amount of benzoic acid as that of the sample.
By this method, the calorific value of the pyrolysis liquor from wood or municipal wastes was measured, and it was found that the value is in inverse proportion ratio to the water content of the liquor.View full abstractDownload PDF (592K)
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