All issues
Successor
Volume 66, Issue 10
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 813
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (211K) -
Ryoji KOSUGI1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 814-823
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe supply and demand for electric power in fiscal 1986 fell below the level for the preceding year for the first time in the past six years. This was mainly due to the considerable drop in the demand by the large consumers of electric power, the stagnation of mining and manufacturing activity because of the higher value of the yen, and the increasing rate of operation of independent electric power plants. However, the long-term view is that the electric power demand and supply will increase steadily with stable economic growth for the domestic demand in the main. In the future, thermal power from petroleum will decrease, while that for nuclear power will greatly increase.
Petroleum fuels such as heavy fuel oils and crude oil are still used for the thermal power generation now, but the supply situation for petroleum is quite unstable. LNG is beset by the take or pay clause, while coal has the difficulties of handling for transportation, storage and con-sumption comparing with oil. The composition of power supply is being adjusted, taking these problems into account.
As almost all of these fuels are procured abroad, it is important for the future procure-ment of fuel to have both stability and economy of supply, amidst the complicated diplomatic and political situations that exist with the supply countries. This will require that more effort be made to train staffs in charge of fuel having the ability to grasp the international situation ac-curately and speedily.View full abstractDownload PDF (1317K) -
Toshio TADOKORO, Yasushi MORIKAWA1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 824-834
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlcohol is expected to be one of the most promising substitutes to oil, due to extensive research and development in the world since the oil clisis. In Europe, with the necessity of an octane booster, some major chemical companies such as Snamprogetti and I. F. P. have achieved their original processes to synthesize alcohol blend (methanol+ C2-C5 higher alcohol) from syn-gas. In the U.S., Dow Chemical developed sulfer-resistive catalyst which is ap-plicable to syn-gas from coal. In Japan, RAPAD developed Ni catalyst which produces much higher alcohols than other developing processes in the product and confirmed with a pilot plant. On the other hand development of a new technology to produce ethanol from syn-gas has launched as a project of MITI since 1980, resulting in development of superior catalyst system in three processes: Direct synthesis under vapour phase, Direct synthesis in liquid phase and Homologation. Bench plant of these processes have successfully finished and industrial application is around the corner.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
Katsuhisa MARUYAMA, Takeshi FURUTA, Kiyoshi YAMAGUCHI, Minoru SHIRAISH ...1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 835-841
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree kinds of coal liquefaction residues obtained from PDU were characterized and compared with the raw coals by proximate and ultimate analyses, solvent separation and thermo-balance equipped with a pyrolysis-gas analyser. Each residue contains 22-38% of ash and 0.69-0.86 atomic ratio H/C. When the residues were heated up to 1000°C in a stream of N2 gas, H2 gas was generated severely at about 400 and 800 for, residues S (raw coal: Wandoan (76%C)) and N (raw coal: Illinois No.6 (79%C)) and at 800 for residue K (raw coal: Morwell (65%C)).
The amount of the H2 gas was 70-80% of total gas evolved. Tar contents estimated from the weight of generated gas (3-12%) and pyrolysis residue (char and ash, 17-51%) were 17, 23 and 51% for S, K and N samples, respectively. It is assumed that the difference of tar yields is due to the difference of the severity in liquefactions and of separation methods of residues rather than those of the raw coals used in the processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
Ryuichi KAJI, Yasushi MURANAKA, Hiroshi MIYADERA, Yukio HISHINUMA1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 842-848
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHighly concentrated coal water mixtures (CWM' s) were found to display various flow properties when prepared and stored at different pH values, eventhough they con-sist of the same coal, having the same particle size distribution, and the same anionic dispersing agent. It was found that, at low pH values, much mineral matter dissolves into the dispersing medium (water), and that the resultant multi-valent cations affected the CWM rheology by changing inter-particle interactions, decreasing the degree of dispersion.The pH adjustment to higher values restored the CWM flow properties, however not completely. It was attributed to Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ ions which have higher solubility at pH values of about 8.
Cation masking reagents were examined to prevent the adverse effects of the cations. Sodium silicate was shown to be effective in masking Ca2+ ion. The reagent may be used to control the rheological properties of CWM' s using coals with higher water-dissolvable mineral matter content.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Tsugio KOJIMA, Fujio MORISHITA, Shinji MORIMOTO1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 849-854
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe basic nitrogen-containing substances in synthetic oil derived from Horonai coal were extracted with 6M hydrochloric acid and fractionated sequentially by gel permeation chromatography using TSK G1000 HXL gel and by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on an alumina plate. After separation of each TLC fraction by using GC-MS, some peaks were assigned to tricyclic aza-arenes on the basis of their mass spectra and retention values. Each aza-arene eluted from a GC capillary column was collected and its fluorescence spectrum was measured. Molecular structures of aza-arenes were predicted on the basis of the combination of information from the mass and fluorescence spectra and the TLC fractionation. Mass spectra afford information on the number of carbon atoms in alkyl chains. Fluorescence spectra are capable of distinguishing between the ring structures of phenanthrene and an-thracene types. The Rf value in TLC is determined mainly by the interaction between the nitrogen atom of the solute and aluminum ion on the plate surface; the TLC fraction number af-fords information on interference from atomic groups on the ring, that is, information on the positional relationship between the nitrogen atom and substituents or the ring. By the combination of above information, exsistence of some aza-arenes was inferred, which were not available easily; e. g. benz [f] isoquinoline, benz [h] isoquinoline, 3-methylbenzo [f] quinoline and/or 6-methylbenzo [c] quinoline.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Yoshihisa HASEGAWA, Tadashi YOSHIDA, Hideo NARITA, Yosuke MAEKAWA1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 855-860
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple distillation method using conduction type thermogravimetric meter (TG) on coal-derived liquids was investigated.
It was found that under the following measuring conditions, this distillation method was good agreement with the standard distillation method (ASTM D-2892) which is used crude oil.
1) Thermoelectromotive force difference in thermocouples between the heat buffer cover and sample container (bias voltage): 300μV
2) Quantity of samples: 300-400mg It was also possible to measure the water content in coal-derived liquids with this method. The one-cycle measuring time required for the TG distillation method using a conduction type thermobalance was less than 90 minutes and this method was far quicker and easier than other methods. Furthermore, in terms of accuracy, it was considered that the method can com-pare well with the ASTM method.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
[in Japanese]1987 Volume 66 Issue 10 Pages 861-871
Published: October 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2070K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|