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Volume 60, Issue 10
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 805
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (228K) -
Naonori NISHIDA, Masaru ISHIDA1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 806-814
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this series, we attempt to evaluate various coal conversion processes from an energy efficient use viewpoint, and also clarify how and where each conversion process has to be utilized in the total energy network of Japan.
In this paper, various energy chains, which produce h eat and mechanical work from different primary energies, are compared by two efficiencies of an energy-conversion process, i. e., thermal and exergy efficiencies.
To see how primary energies were consumed in the overall energy flow in Japan, an exergy flow diagram for Japan in 1975 was presented and compared with its for the U. S. by Reistad. A typical difference in the wasting of exergy between Japan and the U.S. was that the largest contributor to the wasting of exergy in Japan was industrial sector, while in the U. S. the industrial sector was the lowest. Finally, a coal energy chain is illustrated, in which coal is converted into different secondary energies through various coal conversion processes and they are consumed in the end-uses. The future coal energy chain in Japan was briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1562K) -
Yoshio KAMIYA1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 815-827
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough three kinds of large-scale pilot plants, that is, Exxon Donor Solvent, H-Coal and Improved German Process are operating, it seems to take more several years for the construction of demonstration plant, because the development of new technologies and the supply of huge amount of capital are necessary. In order to establish new and more effective liquefaction process, various types of bench scale plants and elementary technologies are under development.
Present state and direction of main coal liquefaction projects in United States, West Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and South Africa are briefly reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1838K) -
Makoto NAGAI, Hideto SEIYAMA, Tomihiro UENO, Motomu KASAGI1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 828-834
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1H-NMR spectra were obtained for 13 crude oils and 12 asphalts with a 60 MHz NMR spectrometer, and structural parameters (fa, σ, Haru/Car, and so on) were calculated by employing the expression proposed by J. K. Brown, W. R. Ladner and N. Sheppard.
C/H was found to have better relations with fa than dr (crude oils) and softening point (asphalts), and was thought to be a better indication of the structural characteristics for the petroleum products.View full abstractDownload PDF (751K) -
Koichi MIZUNO, Yoshio IWASAKI, Choutse HSING, Masaomi SUZUKI1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 835-841
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decomposition of methanol was investigated over a variety of alumina (Al2O3) supported rhodium (Rh) catalysts. Decomposition as well as dehydration took place in the reaction of methanol over Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. Pyridine adsorption during the reaction revealed that Rh was active sites for the decomposition, and Al2O3 was those for the dehydration.
When base metals were added to Rh/Al2O3, the selectivity for the decomposition increased with lowering electronegativity of metal ions added. Thus, alkali metals such as potassium (K) gave the highest selectivity for the decomposition. Further addition of some base metals to Rh-K/Al2O3 selectively promoted the decomposition of methanol.View full abstractDownload PDF (1012K) -
Kazutoshi HIGASHIYAMA, Akira TOMITA, Yasukatsu TAMAI, Saburo TAKIZAWA1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 842-847
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method of catalyst addition on coal has been developed in. order to increase the contact area between catalyst and coal. Four coals were immersed into liquid ammonia solution of nickel thiocyanate at 120°C and 90 kg/cm2. Upon the evaporation of ammonia, we obtained coals impregnated with the nickel salt. A remarkable increase in reactivity for the steam gasification was observed for all coals. For example, , when 2.0% of nickel was impregnated on Leopold coal by this method, the char conversion at 750°C after 2h was 73%. This value was 2 times as large as one observed for the con-ventional impregnation method. The observation of nickel particles on coal by a scanning electron microscope showed that nickel particles were well dispersed not only on the external surface of coal but also on the internal surface. The higher reactivity for the steam, gasification with the present method might be due to a better dispersion of nickel catalysts. on coal particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1481K) -
High Temperature Regeneration of Calcium Sulfide with AirYoshiro MORITA, Takashi NORO, Takao HATSUYAMA, Kazuhide SAKAMOTO, Tosh ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 848-853
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDolomite is used as a gasification catalyst and a desulfurization material of vacuum residue at the same temperature. Calcium sulfide was regenerated to calcium oxide for subsequent re-use of sulfided dolomite. High temperature regeneration with air was accomplished in a fluidized bed of sulfided dolomite. As a result higher temperature, higher gas velocity and lower O2 concentration increased CaO regeneration on the experi-mental conditions. However, the CaO regeneration was lower than 56%, and decreased with decreasing the initial sulfided level of dolomite. In the CaS-CaSO4 reaction CaO regenera-tion attained 90% at temperatures above 950°C. Sulfided dolomite was regenerated more easily than sulfided limestone.View full abstractDownload PDF (781K) -
High Temperature Regeneration of Calcium Sulfate with Carbon MonoxideYoshiro MORITA, Takashi NORO, Takao HATSUYAMA, Toshihiko IWASAKI, Eiic ...1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 854-858
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the re-use as a bed material of sulfated dolomite from fluidized bed combustion of residual oils, calcium sulfate was regenerated to calcium oxide. High temperature regeneration with CO was carried out in a fluidized bed of sulfated dolomite. As a result the use of higher temperature and lower CO concentration increased CaO regenera-tion under the conditions studied. 80-90% of CaO regeneration was obtained by use of 10 mol% CO at temperatures above 1050°C. The regeneration of CaSO4 was not influenced by the initial sulfated level of dolomite and the kind of reducing gas. In the preceding work CaS was not regenerated sufficiently, while in this study CaS was regenerated completely by two-step regeneration using air and CO. In the sulfided NiO-dolomite or sulfated Fe2O3-dolomite which was used as a catalyst in gasification or fluidized bed combustion of vaccum residue, regeneration was more difficult than that of sulfided or sulfated dolomite.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Nakaii YUKI1981 Volume 60 Issue 10 Pages 859-864
Published: October 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRemoval of oxygen from air was examined by pressure swing adsorp-tion with spherical molecular sieving carbon from coal. Coal char was granulated into spherical pellets of 1-2 mm in diameter adding 13.0 wt% of sulfite pulp waste liquor and 2.2-17.4 wt% of coal tar pitch. Spherical pellets were heat-treated at a temperature of 100-1000°C.
Molecular sieving carbons from Yallourn coal char proved to be suitable for the removal of oxygen from air. It was found that optimum heat treatment temperature and amount of coal tar pitch added for the preparation of molecular sieving carbon from Yallourn coal char were 600-700°C and 4-5 wt%, respectively. Oxygen can be removed from air below 0.1%, by nressure swing adsorntion.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K)
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