With 22 corpses of various age ranges the length and width of Rosenmüller's fossa (R. fossa) were measured, and macroscopic observations were carried out on the conditions of lymphoid tissues in R. fossa in the case of infants and on the remaining lymphoid tissues as well as the adhesions in R. fossa in the cases of older children and adults.
As the results it has been found that in the case of infants adenoids filled up R. fossa, extending up close to Torus tubaris; in the case of older children adenoids in R. fossa tended somewhat involuted and the adhesions of upper commissure were revealed; and in the case of adults various adhesions were found mainly in the upper commissure of R. fossa, bridging across the posterior upper part or the posterior lower part.
In addition, the morphological observation and measurements were taken of R. fossa with serial horizontal cross sections prepared from 5 corpses ranging 12 months to 26 years in age. In all of them irrespective of age the upper commissure was of the wide and shallow form, the central part the transitional form, and the lower commissure the narrow and deep form, whose width and depth at the portal were measured and measurements were presented in the main context.

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By conducting the salpingoscopic examinations of 47 patients suffering from diseases of the ear, the author investigated adenoids in Rosenmüller's fossa (R. fossa), various adhesions, and behaviors of Torus tubaris at the time of swallowing; and obtained the following results.
In most of chidren adenoids at the angle observable with the salpingoscope appeared to cover up the entire length of Torus tubaris and in youngsters up to the age of 17 years adenoids appeared to cover up a portion of Torus tubaris or to be touching it. In adults over 18 years old as well as in old persons string-like, band-like, and sheet-like adhesions were observed mainly in the upper commissure, running parallel to Torus tubaris and bridging either at the posterior upper part or the posterior lower part.
From these salpingoscopic examinations carried on the patients with aural diseases it has been clarified that adenoids in children and various adhesions in adults interfere with the backward and upward movements of Torus tubaris thus causing tubal stenosis.

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Comparative histological observations were carried out on lymphoid tissue of Rosenmüller's fossa in the order of ages, and also the relationship between the thickening of the capsule of lymphoid tissue in R. Fossa and the hypertrophy of lymphoid tissues was studied.
The maximum development of lymphoid tissues is reached at the age of four, and the size and number of lymph follicles are also greatest at four, and both the size and number decrease progressively in the order of 2 years and six months, 14 years old, 26 years, and one full year old. In older children and adults some show large retention cysts and multiple cysts; and certain ones clearly indicate that these malformations are caused by the dilatation of the excretory duct of lymphatic glands. Moreover, there are some revealing big adhesions bridging across the anterior and posterior walls of R. fossa.
It is believed that the hypertrophy of lymphoid tissues in R. Fossa, big adhesions and formation of cysts as observed in adults impede the backward and upward movement of Torus tubaris and these constitute the cause of tubal stenosis.

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It is generally believed that the main part of the physiologic absorption of iron is the upper part of the duodenum. But iron can actually be absorbed from the stomach. Isolating the rabbit stomach from the oesophagus and duodenum by ligating cardia and pyrolus, the author observed the process of iron absorption from the mucosa of the stomach. After the ligation of pyrolus and cardia the contents of stomach were removed giving a small cut at the great curvature and then suturing the cut after inserting a drain-syphon with a stopper at the exterior end. Next, 50-60 cc. of FeCl₃ solution, 20 to 100 mg iron per dl. was introduced from the drain-syphon, and the iron level of the contents of the stomach and blood serum were estimated colorimetrically at fixed intervals. After the introduction of iron the elevated iron level in stomach fell quickly and after 2 to 3 hours it reached the minimum, about 60 per cent of the initial level, at which the absorption stopped. In contrast to this, the serum iron level increased gradually reaching the maximum, 280-300γ, at about 3 hours after the introduction of iron, keeping this level thereafter. No marked difference in absorption was found between ferric and ferrous iron. From these observations the author concluded that the stomach has an active ability to absorb iron, which is sufficient enough to elevate the serum iron level without the aid of the duodenum.

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As has been described in Part 1 the author revealed that the stomach has an active ability to absorb iron, but the absorption ceases at a certain period of time after the iron introduction, showing not and quantitative relation with the amount of iron introduced. In this paper the author reports the precise mechanism of iron in the stomach, with the mechanism of the cessasion of iron absorption at a certain period.
In rabbits the stomachs were separated from the continuous digestive canals by the same method described in Part 1. After the iron introduction the pH level, Na⁺, Cl^- and iron in the stomach and iron level in blood serum were estimated quantitatively at fixed intervals. The results proved that pH level of the contents of stomachs rose rapidly after the iron introduction with the increase of the sodium ion, but chlorine ion also was found to increase with the similar rapidity. the iron contents in the stomach decreased as in the cases of Part 1 with an increase in the level of serum iron. The pH level reached a plateau after about 3 hours, mean value pH 4, where the iron absorption stopped.
From these observations the author concluded that the absorption of iron in the stomach is closely related with the pH level in stomach, showing iron can be absorbed only in the pH level where the ionization of iron is possible. The cessation of iron-adsorption often occurring at a certain period is caused by an elevation of pH in the stomach. However, the mechanism of the elevation of pH level seen after the iron indtroduction remains unexplained, because the theoretical calculation proves that the increase of Na⁺ occurring after the iron introduction is not sufficient to elevate the pH as to neutrize the concomitant increase of chlorine ion.

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In the previous reports the author revealed that the stomach has an active ability to absorb the iron, but this absorption ceases at a certain period with the elevated pH level of the stomach contents.
In this paper the author presents the absorption process of iron by the mucosa cells of the stomach as revealed histochemically.
After the operation as described in Part 1 the iron was introduced into the stomach in the form of ferric or ferrous iron, and the animals were sacrificed at fixed intervals and the mucosa cells from three different parts of stomach, pyrolus, fundus aud cardiac parts, were observed by both Perls' direct and Okamoto's indirect methods for the detection of iron.
By Perls' method the iron can be seen in the content of the stomach covering the mucous membrane first and then it enters gradually into the canaliculi of the mucous membrane reaching almost the bottom of the canaliculi 6 hours after the iron introduction, but by this method no iron can be detected in the cells. By Okamoto's method the iron taken into the mncosa cells can be detected. During the first 2 hours iron can not be seen in the cell but after 3 hours the cells situated near the inner surface show the positive reaction, and after 6 hours all the cells including those lying at the bottom of the canaliculi give a positive reaction. The iron can be detected as the fine granules in the cytoplasm. Nuclei also give a positive reaction but this will be an artefact. Therefore, the positive iron reaction of the mucosa cells becomes marked when the increase of the iron level in blood actually stops.
From these observations the author concludes that at the stage of absorption the iron can easily go through the mucosa cells immigrating from the stomach to blood rapidly without causing any retention of iron in the mucosa cell, but when the serum is saturated with iron then the iron is retained in the mucosa cells giving the positive reaction of iron. These facts will show that the absorption of iron in stomach can be regulated by two ways, the pH level of the stomach contents and the iron-binding capacity of serum.

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From the view point that some toxic substances produced in tissue by tuberculous infection might be responsible for the development of the histologic change characteristic to tuqerculosis, the author analyzed the tissue components and succeeded in extracting the substances having strong hemolytic power from the organs of the animals infected with tuberclc bacillus. These substances were found in the ethanol extracts of lymph nodes and spleen. Removing alcohol by evaporation, the residue was dissolved in a small quantity of etheralcohol and then precipitated by adding aceton dividing into the aceton-soluble and insoluble frations. Repeating this process the yellow amorphous powder was obtained from the aceton soluble fraction and the light brown viscous substance from the aceton insoluble fraction. Both of them proved to have the strong hemolytic power. And it is suggested that these substances may give some influences on the development in the morphologic change of the tnberculous inflammation.

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In the first paper the author reported that in the course of tnberculous infection a fairly large quantity of hemolytic substances were produced in the organs, especially in lymph nodes and spleen. In this paper the author reports the stndies on the chemical nature of them. Dissolving the browhish viscous stbstance from the aceton insoluble fraction in pure ethanol, the substance was precitated as the Cd-salt by adding cadomium chloride solution. Precipitant was dissolved in chloroform and removed Cd by centrifugation after adding ammonium alcohol. The supernatant was dried and dissolved in pure ethanol. By drying again under a low pressure white needle-like crystals have been obtained. This substance proved to hemolyze completely the rabbit erythrocytes suspended in the saline solution in the concentration of 55x10^-5%. Comparing these crystal forms, hemolytic activity and the solubility in the organic solvents with those of the pure lysolecithin obtained from the rice grain, it is proved that these hemolytic substances are nothing but lysolecthin. The substance from the aceton soluble fraction is fatty acids produced by the decomposition of lecithin.

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In the former reports the author described that a fairly large quantity of lysolecithin and unsaturated fatty acids having a strong hemolytic power are produced in the organs of animals infected with tubercle bacilli. With the purpose to reveal whether or not these hemolytic substances can be produced from the hosts' lecithin by the action of lecithinase which may be produced by the bacilli. The author observed the activity of phospholipase of tubercle bacilli. Grinding the bacilli belonging to bovine and avian types, the water extracts were obtained. This will contain phospholipase A and B, if they exist. Affecting these extracts with the lecithin and lysolecithin form tissues, the hemolytic power and the liberation grade of fatty acid of the products have been tested. The results rpoved that the extracts acted only on lysolecithin liberating fatty acids but not on lecithin indicating that the tubercle bacilli have the activity of phospholipase B but not of phospholipase A. Consequently it is concluded that the bacillus has no relation with the production of lysolecithin in the host organs infected with tubercle bacilli.

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In this paper the author reports how the morphologic and histologic pictures seen by the tuberculous infection can be modified by the coexisting lysolecithin. Observations revealed that the guinea pigs infected with tubercle bacillus and treated with peritoneal or intravenous injection of lysolecithin daily caused a severe tissue damage, especially with the marked caseous degeneration of lymph nodes and spleen. The intra-pulmonary injection of the bacillus mixed with lysolecithin dissolved in liquid paraffin resulted in the formation of the caseous pneumonia with tuberculous cavity. From these observations it can be said that the lysolecithin produced in the tissues by tuberculous infection plays a great role in the development of the tuberculous tissue change, leading to the infiltrative and caseous changes. The morphologic changes in human tuberculosis varying at different stages have been discussed from the view point of lysolecithin production in tissues.

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The material for this experiment was brain tissues of normal rabbits whose cisterna magna had been previously injected with ³²P and obtained by decapitation after a fixed period of time. Decomposing phosphoric acids in the brain tissues into various fractions by Schneider's method, the author pursued the mode of ³²P migration in each fraction from the standpoint of time elements; and obtained the following results.
Shortly after the injection ³²P is found to have migrated to acid-soluble fractions in the greatest amount but only little to other fractions. However, with lapse of time after the injection the rate of ³²P migration to the acid-soluble fractions decreases, especially markedly so to inorganic phosphoric acid fractions, whereas the rate of ³²P migration to phospholipid, nucleic acid, and phosphoprotein fractions gradually increases.
Moreover, for a short period after ³²P injection the rate of ³²P migration to various fractions fluctuates markedly, but after 24 hours such a fluctuation in each fraction seems to diminish, apparently indicating a certain degree of stabilization.

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By pursuing the behaviors of migrating ³²P in the brain and in various phosphoric acid fractions of the rabbits with latent, local cerebral anaphylaxis as well as of normal rabbits after injecting ³²P into the cisterna magna in either case, the author made a comparative study of the phosphoric acid metabolism in the brains of the two groups from the different behaviors of ³²P.
In the case of the rabbits with latent, local cerebral anaphylaxis besides an increase in the rate of ³²P migration to inorganic phosphoric acid fractions and phosphoprotein fractions, a marked decrease in the rate of ³²P migration to phospholipid fractions can be observed as compared with that in normal rabbits. It is to be considered that on the whole the phosphoric acid metabolism in the brain of the rabbits with latent, local cerebral anaphylaxis shows a declining tendency.

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With the purpose to study the influences of chlorpromazine and cardiazol on the phosphoric acid metabolism of the brain the author studied the changes in the mode of the migration of ³²P that had been previously injected into the cisterna magna of test animals (rabbits). As the results it has been found that the phosphoric acid metabolism in the brain is generally inhibited by the chlorpromazine administration, especially ³²P migration to phospholipid fractions is markedly suppressed. And by the cramp due to cardiazol administration the amount of ³²P migrating to acid-soluble fractions both organic and inorganic is increased, while the same to phospholipid fraction, nucleic acid fraction and phosphoprotein fraction is decreased.

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With the use of Sh. flexneri 2 a, St. aureus, and St. albus, the standard strains stocked in our laboratory, as the test bacteria, the author studied the effects of KCN and NaN₃ on the enzymatic activity of resting cells grown on plain agar and obtained the following results:
1. Differing as they do in the degree of inhibitory action on the catalase and peroxidase activities according to different bacteria, both KCN₃ show a marked inhibitory action with Sh. flexneri 2 a and a moderate inhibitory action with St. albus. In the case of St. aureus, KCN even in a high concentration does not inhibit the catalase and peroxidase activities, while NaN₃ with the same strain shows a moderate inhibitory action.
2. Likewise the effects of two drugs on the oxygen consumption differ according to different bacteria; namely, KCN with Sh. flexneri 2 a shows a strong inhibitory action; with St. albus a moderate inhibition; and with St. aureus an extremely slight degree of inhibition.
Although NaN₃ shows only a slight influence on Sh. flexneri 2 a and St. albus, it shows a marked inhibitory action with St. aureus.
3. As for the aerobic glucolysis of these bacteria both KCN and NaN₃ generally act to interfer complete oxidation, and with the addition of KCN to the culture medium the accumu lation of lactic acid increases on one hand and with NaN₃ that of acetic acid.
Even under anareobic condition likewise lactic acid is accumulated increasingly with the addition of KCN while an increase in the accumulation in acetic acid with NaN₃ addition.

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Using the standard strains such as Sh. flexneri 2 a, St. aureus and St. albus that are stocked in our laboratory, the author studied the glucolysis of these bacteria in the course of culture in the medium containing KCN or NaN₃, and also compared the enzymatic benaviors of each kind of bacteria in resting state while being cultured in the medium loaded with KCN or NaN₃. The results are as follows:
1. Both Sh. flexneri 2 a and St. aureus grow well in the medium loaded with 10^-3M KCN or NaN₃, and in the medium loaded with 10^-3M KCN th growth of St. albus is somewhat impeded but this strain grows well in the medium loaded with 10^-2M NaN₃.
2. When KCN or NaN₃ is added to the medium in the course of bacteria culture, the glycolysis tends to be anaerobic; and morever, by the addition of KCN the accumulation of lactic acid increases, while by the addition of NaN₃ the accumulation of acetic acid.
3. On comparing the catalase and peroxidase activities of bacteria cultured in the medium loaded with KCN or NaN₃, both Sh. flexneri 2 a and St. albus lose their catalase and peroxidase activities in the medium loaded with 10^-4M KCN or NaN₃; while St. aureus likewise does not show these enzymatic activities in the medium loaded with 10^-4M NaN₃, but this strain retains these enzymatic activities to a marked degree in the medium loaded with 10^-2M KCN.
4. In these bacteria being cultured in the medium containing KCN the enzymatic activity of lactic acid production from glucose is great, while in these bacteria cultured in the medium containing NaN₃ the acetic acid production from glucose is great.

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35 kinds of irritating substances in clinical uses were injected intracutaneously in the abdominal skin of the rat, and tested for the activities eliciting granulopexy of carbon particles (India ink) and seepage of trypan blue, both injected intravenously, in the local cutaneous vascular endotheluim, by the methods previously described. Of these substances both actions were observed with the intensity of the descending order mentioned in the following: decylamine hydrochloride, croton oil, saponin, dextran, sodium cholate, ammonia, HgCl₂, arsenic trioxide, quinine hydrochloride, oil of sinapis, formaldehyde, xylene, ethylmorphine hydrochloride, morphine hydrochloride, formic acid, lactic acid, emetine hydrochloride, irgapyrin, dibucaine hydrochloride, turpentine oil, chloroform, acetone, and tropacocaine hydrochloride. Saturated solutions of urethane, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium sulfate likewise elicited these reactions.
In the rat skin depleted of histamine by repeated injections of sinomenine, both of these reactions were inhibited to various degrees in the drugs other than urethane, sodium chloride and potassium chloride. This indicates that the actions of these substances are partially governed by histamine release. In the skin depleted of 5-HT by repeated injections of reserpine, actions of decylamine hydrochloride, croton oil, saponin, quinine hydrochloride, ethylmorphine hydrochloride, morphine hydrochloride, and irgapyrin was decreased. Therefore, these eight substances seem to liberate both histamine and 5-HT.
In the rat given phenergan or sodium salicylate, the actions of histamine releasing substances were partially depressed. The actions of urethane, sodium chloride and potassium chloride solutions were partially inhibited only by cortisone.
From these findings it is evident that in the actions of chemical substances that induce granulopexy and an increase in the dyestuff permeability in the cutaneous vascular endothelium an irritating mechanism other than the mediation by histamine and 5-HT release is contained. In all these active substances granulopexy paralleled with the increase in the dyestuff permeability. This suggests the involvement of a basic process common to the mechanisms of these two reactions.

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Continuously to the previous chapter, the author has burned the rabbits with impediment in the function of reticuloendothelial system due to splenorectomy, dividing them in three groups, weak, middle and strong, and moreover has injected photosensitizing dye, Platonin pro. kg 5, 25 and 50 γ on each burning rabbits (Honjo's Method), and has investigated their reticuloendothelial system, serum protein density, blood picture and etc. As same as chapter one, it was found that it is effective the administration of Platonin on healing of burns, especially injected pro. kg 5 γ for weak degree, 25 γ for middle and 50 γ for strong degree of burns, three times in every other days.

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1) The coagulating time of the blood of the carotid artery is shorter than that of the jugular vein.
2) The coagulating time of the blood of the femoral artery is shorter than that of the femoral vein.
3) The coagulating time of the blood of the pulmonary artery is shorter than that of the pulmonaly vein.
4) Schmidt's theory, which ascribes the difference of the coagulating time between the arterial and venous blood to the difference of the amount of O₂ and CO₂, is not thought to be perfect.
5) The coagulating time of the blood of the thoracic interior vena cava is much shorter than that of the femoral vein.
6) The coagulating time of the blood of the hepatic vein and the portal vein is shorter than that of any other artery or vein. The coagulating time of the hepatic venous blood is a little shorter than that of the portal venous blood.
7) Among the three main roots of the portal vein, the coagulating time of the lienal venous blood is the shortest, then the superior mesenteric venous blood and the longest is that of the interior mesenteric venous blood.
8) The coagulaing time of the blood of the portal vein is shorter than those of its roots, viz. the lienal, superior and inferior mesenteric veins.
9) The fact that the blood coagulating time of the thoracic inferior vena cava is much shorter than that of the femoral vein is accounted for the inflow of the blood from the hepatic vein.
10) The fact that the blood coagulating time of the pulmonary vein is longer than that of the thoracic inferior vena cava is ascribed to the blood inflow from the jugular vein.
11) The coagulating time of the blood is prolonged after its perfusion through various organs except those of the hepato-portal system.

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1) As far as the number of the blood platelets is concerned, neither significant difference is observed between the carotid artery and jugular vein, nor between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, while the platelet number of the blood of the femoral vein is smaller than that of the femoral artery. On the other hand, the blood of the hepatic vein and portal vein contained a greater number of platelets than that of any other blood vessel.
2) The serum prothrombin time of the blood of the carotid, femoral and pulmonary arteries is a little shorter than that of the corresponding veins respectively. Those of the hepatic and portal veins are shorter than those of other vessels.
The various organs and tissues of the hepato-portal system are thought to play an important role in production of prothrombin.
3) The serum calcium contents of the blood of various vessels show no significant differences.
4) As for amount of thrombin in the serum, the blood of the femoral and pulmonary arteries contains greater amount than that of the femoral and pulmonary vein respectively, The thrombin content of the hepatic and portal veins is still greater.
5) As far as the amount of serum fibrinogen is concerned, the carotid arterial blood and the pulmonary arterial blood show a greater value than the corresponding venous blood respectively. The blood of the hepatic and portal vein presents still greater estimate.
6) The amount of plasma protein shows no significant difference between various arteries and veins, although those of hepatic and portalveins give a slightly greater values than those of the other vessels.
7) The blood sugar values of the femoral and pulmonary arterial blood are slightly greater than those of the femoral and pulmonary venous blood respectively.
8) The phenomenon of fibrinolysis occurrs strongly in the blood of the femoral vein, while it occurrs more weakly in the blood of hepatic and portal veins compared with other blood vessels.
9) The number of blood platelets and the amount of prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, serum protein and fibrinolysin have some relation respectively to the fact that the coagulating time of the blood of the carotid, pulmonary and femorary arteries is shorter than that of the corresponding veins respectively and that of the blood of the hepatic and portal veins is much shorter. Particularly the amounts of prothrombin, thrombin and fibrinogen are seen to play an important role.

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1) In the dog, as to the bactericidal action, the blood of the femoral, pulmonary and hepatic veins are stronger than those of the femoral artery, pulmonary artery and the portal vein respectively. Among them the serum bactericidal action of the blood of the hepatic vein is the strongest.
2) In the human, the serum bactericidal actions of the blood of the cubital vein and pulmonary vein is stronger than that of the brachial artery and pulmonary artery.
3) The amount of serum γ-globulin is greater in the blood of the cubital vein and pulmonary vein than in that of the brachial artery and pulmonary artery respectively, presenting a correlation with the difference of serum bactericidal actions, thus suggesting their important roles in the bactericidal action.
4) The blood sugar level is a little higher in the blood of the brachial artery, femoral artery and pulmonary artery than in that of the cubital vein, pulmonary vein and femoral vein respectively; however, the blood sugar content of the hepatic vein and portal vein does not give a constant value. Consequently the blood sugar level in various vessels does not seem to have any significant relation to the difference of the serum bactericidal effect.

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Drug-resistance of bacteria is one of the most important and also most troublesome problem in the chemotherapy of diseases. The author studied on some physiological aspects of streptomycin-dependent strain of Escherichia coli in comparison with streptomycin sensitive strain. The results are summarized as follows:
1) By inoculation of a great amount of streptomycin-sensitive E. coli on plain broth agar plates containing 1.000γ/cc of streptomycin, one streptomycin-dependent strain was isolated.
2) The reverse mutant from this dependent strain was a streptomycin-sensitive strain, the re-reverse mutant from this reverse mutant was a dependent strain, and no resistant strain could be obtained.
3) This dependent stain could not multiply using streptomycin as the sole carbon or nitrogen source.
4) This dependent strain showed a higher requirement to streptomycin in the media containing the fatty acits related to the citric acid cycle than in those containing amino acids as its growth substrates.
5) Streptomycin showed no noticeable action on the respiration of this dependent strain.
From these results, it is inferred that streptcomycin works not as a nutriment but as some working factor for the growth or multiplication of the streptomycin-dependent E. coli.

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It has been reported that, in microorganisms, the acquisition of resistance to aureomycin is relatively difficult compared with the other antibiotics. Physiological studies on the aureomycin-resistant bacteria are also few as compared with those on the bacteria resistant to the other antibiotics. The author isolated a strain of Escherichia coli resistant to aureomycin, and studied on some physiological aspects of this strain in comparison with the sensitive strain. The results are summarized as follows:
1) In the culture of this aureomycin-resistant strain, there appeared a number of string-like cells, which might be considered to be produced by inhibition of cell division. No marked change could be observed in the characters of the colony and the staining of this strain.
2) Without addition of aureomycin, no difference was observed between the multiplication of this resistant strain and that of the sensitive stain. In the media containing aureomycin, however, the resistant strain showed a resistance to aureomycin about 10 to 100 times that of the sensitive strain.
3) In the absence of aureomycin, no marked difference existed between the respiratory activity of the resistant strain and that of the sensitive strain. In the presence of aureomycin, however, the respiratory activity of the resistant strain showed a resistance to aureomycin about 3 times that of the sensitive strain.
4) In the inhibitive action of aureomycin to the oxidation of lactate by the cell-free extract, no noticeable difference was observed between the resistant and the sensitive strains.
These results suggest that the change of the cytoplasmic membrane of the resistant strain plays the most important role for exhibition of its high resistance to aureomycin.

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In this part of studies, an improved stationary plutinum electrode polarograph named Oxigraph was proved to be applicable to measure dissolved oxygen of solutions under high hydrostatic pressure. Experimental results are as follows;
1) Under high hydrostatic pressure, limiting current value concerning oxygen wave of solution increases its degree in proportion to the strength of applied pressure. The oscillation of limiting current value widens under high pressure generally.
2) Under high pressure up to 1, 500 Kg/cm²., the electrical potential inducing oxygen reduction wave is not influenced in buffer solution.
3) When the same charging potential as at normal pressue is charged, the stability and reproducibility of limiting current value does not alter at high pressure up to 1, 500 Kg/cm².
4) At the moment of the appilication of high hydrostatic pressure, a transient increment of limithing current value is observed in proportion to both dissolved oxygen amount and pressure intensity.
5) Under high pressure, the influence of temperature on the limiting current value resembles to that under normal pressure.
6) In glutinous solution such as 1-5% dextrin-Ringer's solution, the limiting current value decreases in proportion to the concentration of glutinous substance both under normal and high hydrostatic pressure. The increment of limiting current value of glutious solution under high pressure is inferior to that of Ringer's solution only. On the other hand, the increase of final ascendent under high hydrostatic pressure is dominant in glutinous solution. Hence, it seems that high pressure minimizes the influence of mixed glutious substance.
7) In buffer solution such as Ringer's solution, the influence of carbon dioxide dissolved a little is negligible for the measurement of limiting current under high pressure, too.
8) In neutral solution, the influence of added protein resembles that of dextrin under high pressure also.

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By Oxigraph the oxygen consumption of tissues under high hydrostatic pressure can be measured continuously during the compression. The author studied the influence of high hydrostatic pressure upon the oxygen consumption of excised tissues of frog, suspension of Bac. coli communis and lymphocytes of young dog by use of the Oxigraph. Results are as follows;
(A) Excised tissues of Rana nigro-maculata
1) Oxygen consumption of excised muscle, cerebrum, heart and kidney were accelerated under 100, 300 and 500 Kg/cm². Such acceleration continues unchanged during the whole course of compression.
2) Under 1, 000 and 1, 500 Kg/cm². pressure, oxygen consumption of excised tissues are inhibited in proportion to the strength of applied pressure after initial acceleration in general.
3) Pressure effect on muscle and cerebrum disappears immediately by decompression. On the other hand, excised heart is generally insensitive to pressure change.
(B) Suspension of Bac. coli communis
1) Oxygen consumption of Bac. coli communis is inhibited by 100-2000 Kg/cm². pressure in proportion to the strength of the pressure. Inhibitory effect continues constantly under such pressures.
2) When the temperature of the medium is raised, the inhibitory effect decreases in some measure. But the oxygen consumption is never augumented above that under the normal pressure, even when the temperature rises over 37°C.
3) Even the application of 2.000 Kg/cm². pressure for twenty minutes, the oxygen consumption recovers a little immediately by decompression.
(C) Suspension of lymphocytes from the thymus of young dog
1) The Oxygen consumption of lymphocytes is neither increased nor decreased under 100-300 Kg/cm². When applied pressure exceeds 500 Kg/cm², inhibitory effect appears in proportion to the pressure strength.
2) By such applied presrure the inhibitory effect appears immediately and continues at a constant degree during compression for twenty minutes at least. Even in the case of 1, 500 Kg/cm². for twenty minutes, the oxygen consumption recovers a little instantly by decompression.

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In epileptics the premotor area of the cerebral cortex was resected and the tissue was fixed, inbedded in paraffin and sectioned in 4 μ slices. The specimen was stained by HAMAZAKI KFJ-method and the ketoenolic granules (KEG) were investigated and its distribution was studied.
1. In idiopathic epileptics KEG increased. After the metrazol provocation it increased more intensively.
2. In symptomatic epileptics no increasing was found.
3. Generally in the nerve cells in premotor area in cerebral cortex KEG was found more in deeper layers than in superficial layers, especially most in the large pyramidal cells.
As above mentioned it is confirmed histochemically that the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex of symptomatic epileptics were not so hypersensitive. On the contrary in idiopathic epileptics, which no organic changes were seen, they were hypersensitive.

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The specimen was taken in the same way as part 1, stained by WACHSTEIN et MEISEL method and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the nerve cells was histochemically investigated.
1) In idopathic epileptics the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in nerve cells in premotor area of the cerebral cortex increased, but that in those, which had provocated convulsion with metrazol before the operation, showed a some decrease.
2) In symptomatic epileptics it showed no increasing.
From the above mentioned it is confirmed that the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex of the symptomatic epileptics are not so hypersensitive, and on the contrary those of idiopathic epileptics, in which no organic changes are found, are hypersensitive i. e are in convulsive arrangement.

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The specimen taken in the same way as part I was sectioned in 20μ slices with Sartorius freezing microtome, stretched on a cover glass and dried up. Thus the vital specimen was made. It was stained in KOELLE modification and the activity of ChE in nerve cells was histochemically investigated.
1) In idiopathic epileptics the activity of ChE in nerve cells in premotor area of the cerebral cortex showed no significant variation.
2) In all cases the activity of specific ChE was very weak. There was almost no activtity of non-specific ChE.
As above mentioned, there was histochemically no difference of ChE activity between the idiopathic epileptics and the contrast in this experiment.
It seems to be due to the fact that this experiment was performed for the cerebral cortex, in which ChE activity is the least.

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The capillary picture at the root of the nail was observed on 608 cases of epidemic hepatitis in connection with the results of their clinical findings, and was compared with the capillary picture at the root of the nail in health.
The results are as follows.
1. In the cases being able to examine in the prodromal stage, the II to V form on morphological classification are greatly observed and the pathologic findings, the increase in the length and width of the capillary loop, the decrease in the number of capillary, the delay in the rate of blood flow, the formation of granules and the incomplete continuation and intermittence of blood flow etc, being accompanied with an indefinite findings on the cases with the severe pathologic change, are observed in some cases.
2. The most remarkable findings in the early stage to the predominant stage of hepatitis are edema and collapse-bleeding in the capillary loop, and the various changes observed in the prodromal stage are more reinforced in this stage.
3. The various capillary changes in the predominant stage are decreased in proportion to the course of disease, i.e. the convalescent stage and postponement or chronic stage.
4. The changes of the capillary picture at the root of the nail in epidemic hepatitis are also clarified being observed on the capillary of the various organ in the body, comparing the results of the above studies with the histological observations of the starform capillary dilatation on the surface of the living body, of the capillary picture of the various organs in the cadavers of hepatitis patients and also the pathohistological studies of their tissues.

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The capillary picture at the root of the nail was observed, comparing it with the results of the various clinical examinations, on 60 cases of hepatitis in our hospital and the correlativity between them was studies. The results are as follows.
1. The correlation between hepatomegaly and the capillary reaction is observed.
2. The correlation between splenomegaly or enlargement of the splenic dulness and the capillary reaction is observed.
3. The severe capillary reaction is observed in the cases with the decrease of hemoglobin in volume and erythrocyte in number, and also in the cases with the decrease of leucocyte in number and the remarkable increase of monocyte.
4. The correlation between the capillary reaction and the liver functions, i. d. urobilinogen and bilirubin in urine, bilirubin in serum jaundice and also the serum colloidal reaction, excretory process of foreign bodies antidotal function. The severe capillary reaction is also observed in the cases with the decreased ratio of albumin/globulin.
5. The special correlation between the sedimentation rate and the capillary reaction is not observed.
6. The correlation between the hemorrhagic tendency and the capillary reaction is not observed, but the correlation is observed in the cases with a hemorrhage on the capillary picture.
7. The opposite attitude is observed between the cases with the star-form capillary dilatation in the body surface and the capillary reaction at the root of the nail.
8. The capillary reaction has relation to the biopsy findings of the liver, especially the parenchymal damage of the liver, but no relation to the change of the Glisson's capsule. However, no differences of the capillary reaction are observed between the cases with the parenchymal and stromal change.
9. The disorder of the autonomic nervous system is greatly observed in the cases of chronic hepatitis with the normal liver function, but with the capillary reaction.
10. The capillary picture at the root of the nail is expected to achieve the important roles on making the diagnosis, observing the course and judging the prognosis of hepatitis, since it finely agrees with the results of the various clinical examinations.

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The capillary picture at the root of the nail, on the exposed patients by the mass medical examination at the 6 districts of Okayama prefecture in where the mass occurence of infectious hepatitis were seen, were observed. The results are as follows.
1. At the district with many severe hepatitis, the form of capillary picture is simlar to the typical feature in hospital cases, at the district with many mild hepatitis it is similar to the feature in health, except a little abnormality, and at the district with relatively many mild hepatitis it is similar to the finding between the feature in healthy and hospital cases.
2. The slight dilatation of the arteriovenous limb in width, the slight contraction of the capillary loop in width and the extension of the loop length in some, but not in some, are observed on the exposed patients in those districts. But these findings are considerably stirred by the situation of epidemic mass occurence and their symptoms.
3. The delay in the rate of blood flow, the formation of granules and the incomplete continuation and intermittence of blood flow etc. are generally observed, but there are considerable differences in each epidemic district. However, the findings at the district with severe hepatitis is similar to the typical feature.
4. As compared with it in health, the capillary reaction judged summarily from the above findings of the exposed cases on the mass medical examination are abnormal in most cases of each group, especially at the districts with typical or severe hepatitis.
5. The typical capillary reaction is not invariably observed on the mass medical examination, especially on the mild form, as well as the capillary picture of the hepatitis cases observed with the progress, but the capillary reaction is still a useful finding for the diagnosis of infections hepatitis.
6. The relation between the capillary reaction and the clinical findings, blood picture, urobilinoge reaction in urine, various serum colloidal reactions, hepatomegaly and splenomegary etc. is observed, but no correlation between them is necessarily found on the mass examination's cases because there may be involving various complicated factors in the stage, course and symptom of disease.
7. The capillary picture of the 50 exposed cases as the latent and incomplete mild ases, which can not be definitely diagnosed as infectious hepatitis, but which are in denger being exposed as same as the patient and have the complaints of indistinct gastroentero-, flue-symptoms, fatigue and general strange feeling etc. by which any diagnosis, other than hepatitis, can not be made, aend which show a typical picture on the hematological examination, are found on theit capillary picture. The cases with a definie abnormal capillary pictuere have the complaints of headache, general weariness and exhaustion etc, and 10 of them fall ill later on the occasion of overwork.
8. The theory of Prof. K. Yamaoka, which the general reaction as a primary change of infectious hepatitis is occured to center around the blood vesseles reaction, is supported with the above results. And the capillary picture also can be proved as a method to expose latent or incomplete mild caess of infectious hepatitis.

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The transformation of indirect belirubin to direct was observed on the action of various organ's tissues to the serum solution of the indirect bilirubin prepared from the jaundiced urine. The results are as follows.
1. The indirect bilirubin prepared from the jaundiced urine is partly transformed to direct bilirubin on the preparation of it's serum solution.
2. The action transforming indirect bilirubin to direct bilirubin is observed by the use of the liver and lung tissues of healthy rabbit. The possibility of the above action is also expected by the use of the cerebllum and skin, but the action can not be obtained by the use of the heart, kidney, adrenal gland, medulla oblongata, cerebllum and peritoneum.
3. The function of the reticuloendothelial system seems not to participate in the transformation of indirect bilirubin to direct, since the results observed by the use of the organ's tissues in the rabbit with thrombosis of the reticuloendothelial system are as same as the results observed by the use as healthy rabbit.
4. The action transforming indirect bilirubin to direct bilirubin is obstructed by the use of the liver tissue in the rabbit with administration of carbon tetrachloride, but not by the use of their lung tissues. Carbon tetrachloride, therefore, seems not to influence on the lung.
6. The reduction of biliberdin in rabbit bile to bilirubin is stimulated in different degree, except on the use of sodium citrate, on the action of the liver tissue to the treated rabbit bile by adding of glucose, sodium lactate, alchol, sodium succinate and sodium citrate etc.

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The prosperity and decay of bilirubin and biliverdin were observed on the action of the liver tissue in healthy guinea pig and the guinea pig with administration of carbon tetrachloride and thrombosis of the reticuloendothelial system to the untreated rabbit bile or treated rabbit bile by adding of various carbohydrates. The results are as follows.
1. Bilirubin is partly oxidized to biliverdin on the shaking of rabbit bile in the thermostat at 38°C. It's biliverdin and biliverdin in rabbit bile are more analysed on the same treatment.
2. Biliverdin in rabbit bile is partly reduced to bilirubin on the action of the liver tissue in healthy guinea pig to rabbit bile.
3. The tendency which biliverdin is partly reduced to bilirubin is observed on the action of the liver tissue in the guinea pig with administration of carbon tetrachloride to rabbit bile, but it's action is not so strong.
4. The tendency which biliverdin increases rather than helps the progress reducing biliverdin to bilirubin is observed on the action of the liver tissue in the guinea pig with thrombosis of the reticuloendothelial system to rabbit bile.
5. Since the above results, the reticuloendothelial system seems to mainly participate in the reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin on the use of the liver tissue in guinea pig.

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The prosperity and decay between bilirubin and biliverdin in bile were observed on the action of the liver tissues in guinea pig to the untreated rabbit bile and the treated bile by adding of carbohydrate and or coferment in an anaerobic condition with nitrogen or hydrogen gas.
1. Biliverdin in bile seems to be partly reduced to bilirubin, since the results of the prosperity and decay between bilirubin and diliverdin, on the action of the liver tissue in healthy guinea pig to rabbit bile in an anaerobic condition with nitrogen or hydrogen gas.
2. The reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin is rather stimulated on the action of the liver tissue in healthy guinea pig to the treated rabbit bile by adding carbohydrates of glucose, sodium lactate, alchol etc. in an anaerobic condition with nitrogen or hydrogen gas than on the use of the untreated rabbit bile, and the reducing process is remarkable on the use of hydrogen gas.
3. The reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin is more markedly stimulated on the action of the liver tissue to the treated rabbit bile by adding of coferment in an anaerobic condition with nitrogen or hydrogen gas than on the use of carbohydrat into rabbit bile, and the reducing process is more remarkable on the use of hydrogen gas.
4. The reduction of biliverdin in bile to bilirubin is most stimulated onthe action of the liver tissue in healthy, guinea pig to the treated rabbit bile by adding both glucose and coferment in an anaerobic condition with hydrogen gas. And these processes seems to be caused by the action of dehydrogenase in the liver tissue.

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For the purpose of establishing a method of fixing the dyes used in supravital staining of cells, the author observed the precipitation reactions of several dyes, neutral red, Janus green B, Nile blue, etc. with the Nessler's reagent, by which those dyes having amino-, monomethylamino or dimethylaminogroups can be precipitated forming the water insoluble complexes. The reaction proved to have no relation with the oxidation or reduction of dyes, which often causes the change in the color of dyes, showing that the insoluble precipitates have the original color of dyes, and the colored dye forms the same colored precipitate, the reduced noncolored dye a white precipitate.
The organic solvents such as alcohol, aceton etc. dissolve this complexes, and therefore, it is suggested that their reaction can be applicable for the fixation of the supravitally stained dyes with exception of the organic solvents in the course of the following dehydrating processes for the observation.

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In the first paper the author reported that the dyes used generally for supravital staining form insoluble precipitates with the Nessler's reagent suggesting that this reagent may be used for the fixation of the dyes used in supravital staining of cells. However, some authors report that several fixatives those containing mercuric ion or picric acid can be used for the fixation of dyes used in supravital staining of cells. In this paper the author presents the results observed on the reactions of various dyes with several fixatives.
Experiment proved that some fixatives containing Hg or picric acid form insoluble colored precipitates with dyes. The formation of the precipitates is most marked in Janus green B and less marked in Nile blue. By treating picric acid the dyes change their color to that with yellow tone. No precipitates can remain undissolubled when they are exposed to the organic solvents, like alcohol, aceton etc. Janus green B precipitates show some resistance to the action of organic solvents but less resistance to Nile blue. It follows then for the observation of the supravitally stained granules on fixed cells, organic solvents should be avoided in any process of fixation and dehydration.

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On the basis of the chemical reactions of the dyes with various fixatives in vitro the author observed the blood cells stained supravitally by various dyes and fixed with several fixatives, which has been proved to form the water insoluble precipitates with the dyes. Many known fixatives containing mercury prove to have the ability to fix the dyes used in supravital staining of cells. but the cell structure becomes often indistinct with some insoluble side precipitates which are not easy to be removed without losing some of the fixed dyes and the dye showed the tendency to fade relatively in a short period of time. In the case of the fixatives containing picric acid the results were almost the same and yet the supravitally stained granules changed the original color to rather yellowish ones. Whereas the method established by the auther, the application of the Nessler's method, proved to be the most excellent one. By this method_ most of the supravitally stained granules are fixed on the cells retaining their fine structure. The post-staining of the nucleus can be made by hematoxylin. And yet the dyes can be retained for a fairly long period of 2-3 months, without losing or changing their original colors.

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By the methods reported in the previous papers the auther observed the supravitally stained granules on the nucleus stained with hematoxylin. As the results it has been revealed that in lymphocytes, monocytes, myelocytic cells and Yoshida sarcoma cells, Janus green B stains mitochondria selectively but not the other components. The irregular forms of mitochondria stained with Janus green B can be recongnized frequently. This seems to be the result of the structural demolition caused by the staining itself. But in some cells the number of mitochondria which are stained by this dye, is rather small compared with those found under the phase contrast or the electron-microscopes. Then it is assumed that Janus green B stains mitochondria selectively but not all of them. In general neutral red seems not to stain Golgi apparatus selectively, and neutral red granules are found to be irregular, both in their distribution in cytoplasma and in their size, all the granules being almost round in shape. But in small cells like monocytes, sometimes in lymphocytes the granules tend to gather in the area of Golgi zone. This thendency is recongnized especially markedly in the cells from the lower animals In the rosette formation of the neutral red Yoshida sarcoma cells have almost the same picture as that of monocytes but their mitochondria stainable with Janus green B are larger in number compared with those of monocytes. Brilliant crecyl blue and Nile blue seem also to stain mitochondria, but some other components like endoplasmic reticulum, neutrophilic granules and others in leucocytes, which can be stained by these dyes as the stained granules are very large in number and show marked variety in their sizes.

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After treating Rattus with various drugs the author measured the amounts of free ammonia and glutamine in the brain of the test animals by Conway's micro-diffusion analysis and the amino acid content by paper chromatography. The results are as follows:
1. In the brain of the Rattus receiving acute administration of DMAE it has been found that the contents of ammonia, glutamic acid, γ-amino butylic acid, and aspartic acid are increased, but the content of glutamine alone is decreased.
2. In the cases receiving acute admins tration of LSD, a slight decrease in ammonia and glutamine has been recognized, but no marked changes in the amounts of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Only γ-amino butylic acid has been found to have dec reased.
3. In the cases receiving acute administration of Frenquel, ammonia, glutamine, glutamic acid and γ-amino butyli acid are all decreased, whereas only aspartic acid shows no marked changes.
4. In the cases receiving acute administration of Isomytal, the ammonia content in the brain is markedly decreased, but when electric shock is given under this condition, the ammonia content in the brain increases to that above normal.
5. In the cases receiving acute administration of Reserpine, ammonia decseases markedly, but even when electric shock is given under this condition, there is no increase in the amount of ammonia.
6. When electric shock is given to the Rattus whose ammonia content in the brain has previously been increased by administration of Philopon, no further increase in the ammonia content can be elicited.

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Quantative changes in the contents of amino-nitrogen, ammonia and individual amino acids during the incubation of fresh rat brain tissue were investigated.
Suspensions or slices of the fresh brains were incubated at 37°C, pH 7.4.
Amino-nitrogen was estimated by the modified ninhydrin colorimetric method, and ammonia by the Conway's micro-diffusion analysis.
Contents of the individual amino acids and the related compounds of the brain suspensions before and after incubation were also determined. Ion exchange chromatography was employed for this purpose.
1) In the suspensions anaerobically incubated, a rapid increase of amino-nitrogen was found; this increase ceased within about one hour after start of the incubation, showing no further increase during the second hour. The liberation of amino-nitrogen was found to be more rapid in the white matter than in the grey matter of the rabbit brain.
2) In the cases of the brain slices, the increase in amino-nitrogen was a little slower and more protracted, being remarkably disturbed by the addition of glucose.
The ammonia contents during incubation showed a relatively slow increase without paralleling with the increase of amino-nitrogen. During the period when the tissue samples were prepared at 0°C., rapid ammonia formation was recognized while amino-nitrogen remained almost constant.
3) Several amino acids such as serine, glycine, alanine. aspartic acid and γ-aminobutylic acid increased after incubation of one hour, glutathione and N-acetylaspartic acid rather decreased.
4) It appears that this remarkable increase in amino-nitrogen observed during a few hours after death might be due to the effect of “neutral proteinase” as reported by Ansell & Richter.

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A trial was made by the author for making a transparent model of the cerebral ventricular system and basal ganglia. Paraffine-wax was introduced in the ventricular system of the cadarer for the ventricular cast.
The mould of the basal ganglia was made from the serial section of the brain with the resin.
Then the combination of the paraffine-wax cast of the ventricles and the resin mould of the basal ganglia was embedded in the transparent methylmetacrylate plastics, after making a membrane of polyvinyl-alcohol on the surface of the combination.
Hitherto, technical difficulties have been appointed to make a block of acrylic resin over 3cm thickness.
The auther maid a block of plastics of 15cm thickness by “repeat-pouring” method.
The most important care should be taken for preventing vesicle-formation in the plastics.
For making a hollow model of the ventricles Melotte' fusible metal is better than wax.
By the way, the author embedded some teaching preparations as slices of cadaver brains and resekted stomach in transparent unsaturated polyester resin “Rigolac” No.2004 (obtained from Riken Co.-Japan)

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