Kanzo
Online ISSN : 1881-3593
Print ISSN : 0451-4203
ISSN-L : 0451-4203
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Volume 20, Issue 7
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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  • Clinical studies on an outbreak of hepatitis A in a junior high school.
    1. Clinical and labortory diagnosis
    Satoshi NAKANO, Hajime WATAHIKI, Kenji NAGAI, Hideharu HAYASHI, Isao T ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 643-653
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.643
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The outbreak of hepatitis A occured in a junior high school of Ghodo town, located in the rural district of Ogaki city.
    The patients amounted to 106 persons including three adults and a child. Among of them, fifty patients admitted to Ogaki municipal hospital and two other hospitals in the town. Diagnosis was established by the detection of Hepatitis A virus in stool speciemens of nine inpatients of our hospital by means of immune electron microscopy.
    Classifying them into three groups, icteric, subicteric and aicteric, their symptoms and laboratory data were analysed within a few days after onset of the illness. Fever, general malaise, poor appetite and abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting were observed more frequently in icteric group. Hepatomegaly was detected in 72%. Leukopenia was not so frequent as reported (67%). Virocytes were observed in 19%. The abnormal high values of TTT and LgM were observed in 61% and 71% respectively. LAP, γ-GTP and IgM were remarkably abnormal (100%, 87% and 75% respectively). No difference of laboratory data was seen among three groups.
    Serum transaminase elevated abruptly in almost all cases but high values above 2000 U. of S-GTP were obtained only in jaundiced patients.
    Blood nitrogen contents increased transciently in all cases Thrombo test and Hepaplastin test showed abnormal low especially in jaundiced patients.
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  • Epidemiological studieS on spread of hepatitis B virus infection in Wara Village, Gifu Prefecture
    Yuji MATSUO
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 654-665
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.654
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    In order to study the spread of hepatitis B virus infection in a given confined area, a study was made of Wara Village in Gifu Prefecture, a community of about 710 households and 3000 irihabitants.
    Of sera from 2310 inhabitants, HBs antigen and anti-body were tested by the reverse passive haemagglutillation and passive haemagglutination assay, respectively. The HBs antigen (HBsAg)-positive sera were also subtyped by the immune adherence haemagglutillation assay, and HBe antigen and anti-body were identified by Ouchterony's immunodiffusion technique.
    HBsAg was detected in 59 cases (2.6%): 3.1% in males and 2.1% in females. From the HBsAg-positive sera, two subtypes of HBsAg, adr and adw, were identified, of which adr was extrelnely dominant, in a ratio of 9:1. All the 59 HBsAg-positive subjects were identified as persistent carriers of hepatitis B virus, in that the results of tests conducted again seven month later were positive. Thirty-two of the 59 carriers were concentrated in 14 households. From the results of HBsAg tests in mother-child pairs, the ratio of them originating in mother-to-infant transmission to the whole waS estimated at about 30%.
    From the 59 HBsAg-positive sera, HBe antigen (HBeAg) was detected in 35.6% of the cases, and anti-HBe in 33.9%. Based on sex and age distributions of HBeAg and anti-HBe, it appeared that the seroconversion of HBeAg to anti-HBe generally occurs at an earlier age in females than in males.
    Anti-HBs was detected in 778 inhabitants (34%): 35% in males and 32% in females. The frequency of anti-HBs was lowest (10.5%) in children below 10 years of age, and increased with age, reaching a maximum of 44% between the ages of 50 and 59.
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  • Immunological studies on alcoholic liver injury
    Yasuhiro MIZOGUCHI, Takashi SHIBA, Toshihiro HIGASHIMORI, Fumiaki ONIS ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 666-672
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.666
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    Possible involvement of the cell-mediated immunity or the antibody responses to alcohol in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury were investigated. The subjects were composed of 17 patients with chronic hepatitis and 15 cases with liver cirrhosis who had been taking amomts of alcohol (more than 80 g per day) continously for longer than 10 years and showed the impaired liver function.
    When the peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients were cultured in the presence of alcohol and the liver specific antigen fraction and lymphocyte transformation was estimated by the uptake of 3H-thymidine to the acid-insoluble materials, blastogenesis was found in 6 cases with chronic hepatitis and in 3 cases with liver cirrhosis.
    The macrophage activating factor (MAF), a kind of lymphokines, was also detected in the culture medium of activated lymphocytes from 7 patients who showed positive blastogenesis. This was estimated by the uptake of 3H-glucosamine into the macrophage.
    The activated macrophages by MAF were shown to be cytotoxic to the separated liver cells causing the marked inhibition of albumine synthesis and the reduction of 86Rb binding to cell surface. These macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was detected in 8 caSes among 9 cases who showed the positive lymphocyte transformation.
    On the other hand, the antibody to the liver cell membrane were detectable in only one case by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity test. In this case, the antibody was disappeared in a month.
    These observations suggest that the macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity may play an role in alcoholic liver injury.
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  • Studies on the mechanism of intrahepatic cholestasis in drug-induced allergic hepatitis
    Yasuhiro MIZOGUCHI, Fumiaki ONISHI, Takashi SHIBA, Toshihiro HIGASHIMO ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 673-687
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.673
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    When peritoneal lymphocytes from patients with drug-induced allergic intrahepatic cholestasis were stimulated with a specific drug in vitro in the presence of soluble liver specific fraction and their culture supernatant was injected into the mesenteric vein of rats, a marked reduction of bile flow and bile acid excretion was seen in several cases. Similar results were obtained when lymph node lymphocytes from a sensitized guinea pig were stimulated with a specific antigen and its culture fluid was injected into the mesenteric vein of rats. Gel filtration of the active supernatant caused a reduction of bile flow which indicates that this active principle might have a molecular size similar to that of MIF. Histologically, a dilated bile canaliculus with diminution of the microvilli and vesicles around the dilated canaliculus were observed by electron microscopy after injection of culture supernatant into rats. No such changes were observed in rats after injection of the supernatant of a lymphocyte culture prepared from normal individuals in the same manner as described for patients or sensitized guinea pigs.
    These results strongly suggest that sensitized lymphocytes produce a factor (or factors) which cause intrahepatic cholestasis by stimulation with a specific drug-carrier antigen in patients with the intrahepatic cholestasis.
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  • Correlation between endotoxemia and rupture or esophageal Varices
    Kazuo TARAO, Yasuhiko NAGAKURA, Tamaki MOROI, Takao IKEUCHI, Osamu END ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 688-693
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.688
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    Correlation between endotoxemia and frequency of rupture of esophageal varices was investigated in 49 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. According to the results of Limulus assay, we divided the above patients into 3 groups: 3 (+) 2 (+) group (group A, 21), 1 (+) group (group B, 8), and (-) group (group C, 20). Results: In all the observation periods of both befbre and after 3, 6, and 12 months and after 3, 6, and 12 months, the frequenlcy of rupture in group A is the highest of the three groups. Second highest is group B and group C is the lowest. The frequency of rupture in group A (11 of 21, 52.4%) in the observation periods of before and after 6 months, issignificantly higher than that of group B+C (7 of 28, 25.0%) (p<0.05). Is seems likely that endotoxin may accelerate the rupture of esophageal varices.
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  • Serum amino acids' levels in acute ischemia of the liver
    Yasushige TSUJI, Toshihiko TSUBURAYA, Norio KAWANISHI, Yumin SATOH, No ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 694-701
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.694
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    Serum amino acids were consecutively measured in awake dogs whose common hepatic artery was occluded by a choker. The choker was placed in position 48 hours befbre when portacaval anastomosis had been perfbrmed. Four dogs subjected to the study died of hepatic coma 12 to 16 hours after the occlusion.
    Phenylalanine, tyrosine, methionine, serine, threonine, lysine and alanine continuously increased, while branched chain amino acids, histidine, cystine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid remained within a normal range, during the period. Arginine was the only amino acid which abruptly decreased to disappear 2 hours after the occlusion.
    Molar ratio of branched chain amino acids/essential amino acids and branched chain amino acids/tyroSine + phenylalanine, which gradually decreased following the occlusion, comelated with the progression of hepatic coma. Essential amino acidd/non-essential amino acids ratio first showed gradual decrease to show 0.82 at 3 hours, however, it started to increase thereafter to reach 1.08 at death of animals. Its initial decrease is interpreted to be due to ischemia of the liver, while the following increase to necrosis of the hepatocytes.
    The result indicates that changes in the amino acids could be a good indicator to assess the degree of hepatic insufficiency and is valuable in selecting appropriate composition of amino acids in treating hepatic coma.
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  • Clinical significance of branched Chain amino acid infusion during the treatments of patients with fulminant hepatitis
    Akiharu WATANABE, Toshihiro HIGASHI, Shosaku HAYASHI, Takahiro OBATA, ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 702-713
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.702
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    Clinical significances of branched chain amino acid infusion to eight patients with fulminant hepatitis were investigated by infusing Hep-OU or Fischer solution containing 10-20% glucose for 18 days (average) during their treatments. Two cases with lower concentrations of branched chain amino acids in serum resulted in the complete awakening from hepatic encephalopathy within 2 days only by initiating the infusion of amino acids containing insulin-glucagon. The amino acid infusion with 1700 Cal/day, 31g of amino acids/day and 330 non-N Cal/g N for 37 days produced the awakening from encephalopathy and the improvement of abnormal EEG findings as well as the lowering levels of blood ammonia and elevations of serum BCAA/AAA in three cases. Hep-OU infusion is necessary in cases under direct hemoperfusion-hemodialysis for rapid improvement of their impaired serum aminograms. Four out of five patients received the amino acid infusion containing insulin-glucagon had the complete awakening from hepatic encephalopathy, but all these patients died within 42 days after the onset of the disease. Three cases with the very short duration times of the infusion, the very rapid progress of the disease and severe injury of central nervous systems did not have the apparent efficacy of the amino acid infusion.
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  • Effect of glucocorticoid on the hepatic fibrosis in rat with biliary obstruction
    Takumi ANEZAKI, Kenji KOYAMA, Hidemi YAMAUCHI, Yasushi TAKAGI, Shuichi ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 714-721
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.714
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    Suppressive ability of glucocorticoid on hepatic fibrosis was studied in rats with obstructive jaundice. Five mg/kg or 25mg/kg of prednisolone was administered 5 times to the rats in biliary obstruction. It was clarified that although hydroxyproline content of the liver was not decreased, the dose dependent reduction of its synthetic activity was noticeable. Histological findings of the liver also showed a decrease of fibrosis and corresponding increment of parenchyma.
    For the antifibrotic mechanism of glucocorticoid, it was suggested that it suppressed the maturation of collagen by decreasing the MAO activity and inhibited the synthesis or accelerate the degradation of mucopolysaccharide. Reductions of proline hydroxylation and free proline pool were also revealed. Short-term and high dosage of glucocorticoid administration seemed to be effective for the treatment of obstructive jaundice with markedly fibrous liver.
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  • An autopsy case of hepatocellular carcinoma with bloody sputum as an initial symptom
    Naofumi ERIGUCHI, Toshiro NAKASHIMA, Kazuhiko SAWADA, Yutaka SHIMOKAWA
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 722-726
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.722
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    The patient was a 71-year-old woman who had complained of bloody sputum. On the first examinations, chest X-ray film showed bilaterally abnormal shadows in the lungs. On physical examination, hepatomegaly and slight icterus were noticed. Afterwards, ac-cording to further examinations such as selective celiac angiography and liver cintigram, she was diagnosed of hepatocellular carcinoma. Abnormal shadows of the lungs increased and she died of respiratory disfunction about one month after admission. At autopsy, liver weighed 2200 g and tumor occupied almost to entire left lobe of the liver. Multiple metastatic foci were seen in both lungs, tumor invaded and proliferated into bronchial lumen.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 727
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.727
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 728
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.728
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 729
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.729
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 730
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.730
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 731
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.731
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Osman Sikujara, [in Japan ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 732
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.732
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 733
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.733
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 734
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.734
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1979 Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 735-770
    Published: July 25, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.20.735
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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