Kanzo

α₂-apolipoprotein E in patients with acute hepatitis

Hiroshi IKEDA, Jiro MAEDA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1539-1543
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1539

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Apolipoprotein E (apo E) in high-density lipoprotein with apo E (HDL-with apo E) which migrated in near the α₂-globulin region behind α lipoprotein by the quantitative immunofixation electrophoresis had been named "α₂-apo E". In order to charactefize the distribution of apo E in acute hepatitis, α₂-apo E in 6 patients with acute hepatitis were determined in the courses. Low levels of apo A-I and cholesterol in HDL, (HDL-C), high levels of apo E and apo C-II and C-II/C-III ratio, and low activities of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were seen at the admission, and were restored to near the normal ranges after therapies. And at admission, the greater part (77.0±7.2%) of apo E was distributed in HDL-with apo E, so the concentration of α₂-apo E was abnormally high level of 5.1±0.8 mg/dl. After 3 months in hospitalizations, the fraction and the concentration of α₂-apo E decreased to 42.2±8.1% and 1.7±0.6mg/dl. So, inverse correlation between LCAT activity and ratio of C-II/C-III was recognized. And α₂-apo E significantly correlated with levels of serum apo E (r=0.899, p<0.01) and C-II/C-III (r=0.853, p<0.01) and apo C-II (r=0.703, p<0.01), and inversely correlated with levels of LCAT activity(r=-0.844, p<0.01) and apo A-I (r=-0.612, p<0.01) and HDL-C (r=-0.703, p<0.01) in the courses. In conclusion, it was speculated that abnormal increase of α₂-apo E in acute hepatitis would be mainly due to the decrease of LCAT activity and would become the sourse of hyper-E apolipoproteinemia in hepatitis.

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Serum levels of laminin as a tool of detection for irreversibility of hepatic fibrosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease

Katsuya MARUYAMA, Isao OKAZAKI, Kiyotaka KAMEGAYA, Yosuke SHIGETA, Mas ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1544-1549
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1544

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Serum laminin was measured in 65 patients with various biopsy-proven alcoholic liver diseases by using RIA-laminin P1 kits. The serum levels of laminin were significantly high in all types of alcoholic liver diseases compared to that in healthy controls.
Liver cirrhosis showed significantly high value of serum laminin compared to those of other types of alcoholic liver diseases except alcoholic hepatitis, whereas in alcoholic hepatitis, serum levels of laminin was almost as high as those in liver cirrhosis. Serum levels of laminin as well as type III procollagen amino-peptide revealed significant correlation with the degree of periportal fibrosis while other liver function tests did not. The patients with nodular formation in the liver showed significantly high value of serum laminin compared to those without nodular formation. Among various liver function tests including serum PIIIP, serum laminin could differentiate clearly two groups which were with or without nodular formation. Measurement of serum lamin n may be a useful test for the early detection of irreversibility of hepatic fibrosis in the patients with alcoholic liver diseases.

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Diagnostic significance of IgA in alcoholic liver disease

Yoshikazu TANAKA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1550-1557
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1550

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In order to evaluate the diagnostic significance of IgA in alcoholic liver disease, serum IgA levels, serum polymeric IgA, and IgA deposition in liver tissues were investigated.
Mean serum IgA concentration increased progressively as the liver disease became more severe, and serum IgA levels in alcoholic liver disease were higher than those in non-alcohloic liver disease in any grade of severity of chronic liver disease.
Relative polymeric IgA concentration ratio to total serum IgA (p-IgA/IgA) of both alcoholics and non-alcoholics was higher than that of control subjects, but there was no significant difference between alcoholic and non alcoholic liver disease.
In liver tissues, IgA was localized along the perisinusoidal lining of the liver. Two different staining patterns were recognized: linear and granular.
12 of 20 (60%) liver bidpsy specimens from alcoholic liver injury group showed a linear IgA pattern, while only 4 of 25 (8%) from the non-alcoholic group showed a linear IgA pattern (p<0.05).
From these results, it was suggested that linear IgA deposition in liver tissue is a useful marker for the diagnosis of a1coholic liver injury.

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Investigation of serum Cu, Zn-SOD concentration by ELISA and histological localization in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cirrhosis (LC), and alcoholic liver injury using anti-human Cu, Zn-SOD monoclonal antibody

Isao SAKAIDA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1558-1567
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1558

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The serum Cu, Zn-SOD concentration and histological localization in patients with HCC, LC, and alcoholic liver injury were examined.
The serum Cu, Zn-SOD concentration of patients with HCC was significantly elevated compared to healthy adults and also patients with LC.
In about 20% of our specimens, tumors were strongly stained in comparison with the surrounding tissue.
The main histological characteristic of LC was that Cu, Zn-SOD localized more in hepatocytes bordering on the connective tissue in the pseudolobular of some specimens. There was a tendency that this characteristic was more often in A and A' types than other types.
In alcoholic liver injury, there were 3 Cu, Zn-SOD stain patterns such as "Diffuse Type", "Granular Type", and "Nuclear Type". There was a tendency for the specimens from heavy drinkers to be "Granular Type".
These results suggest that it is possible for Cu, Zn-SOD to be a new marker for HCC and also to be a parameter for liver damage in chronic liver disease.

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Possible involvement of actin filaments in the contraction and dilatation of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae

Nobuhiro TSUKADA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1568-1580
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1568

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Heterogeneity of the sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae (SEF) in the hepatic lobule was investigated by scanning electron microscopy using liver tissue perfused with 1.2% glutaraldehyde under a physiological pressure and primary monolayer-cultured sinusoidal endothelia. Two types of the SEF, sieve plate-like small pores and relatively large scattered pores, were evident in the zone 1 of the hepatic lobule, whereas only the former were present in the zone 3. Actin filaments were proved in the cytoplasm of the sinusoidal endothelium, particularly around the SEF and underneath the endothelial plasma membrane by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody method, transmission electron microscopic observations of the uranyl acetate en bloc preparations following heavy meromyosin decorations and of whole cell mount preparations of the isolated cultured sinusoidal endothelia. Treatment with cytochalasin B, an actin depolymerizing agent both in vivo and in vitro, was resulted in the dilatation and fusion of the SEF around which actin filaments were found to be disassembled and granular with focal aggregation of actin filaments in the sinusoidal endothelium. These observations indicate that the actin filaments would be involved in the contraction and dilatation of the SEF and the endothelial cell as a whole, possibly regulating the sinusoidal blood flow as well as the blood-hepatocyte exchange.

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Mitochondrial function of the cirrhotic liver in rat comparison of respiratory function of the mitochondria obtained from liver tissue and from isolated hepatocytes

Katsuhiko SUZUKI, Kenji KOYAMA, Yoshihiro ASANUMA, Hiroaki YOSHINO, Sh ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1581-1588
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1581

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It is rational to evaluate the liver cirrhosis from the point of mitochondrial function. However, to obtain pure mitochondrial fraction by the fractionation from liver tissue is difficult because respiratory inhibitory factors and other material which make us underestimate the mitochondrial function can be included in thus obtained mitochondria fraction. In this study, hepatocytes are purely isolated at first, then mitochondrial fraction is obtained and evaluated in function and morphology to compare with the mitochondria fractionated directly from liver tissue in ordinary way.
ATP synthesis of mitochondria fractionated directly from liver tissue was low in cirrhotic liver and got worse in long term group than short term administration group of thioacetamide. However, that of mitochondria from isolated hepatocytes showed no difference between normal and cirrhotic groups. These data suggest that, as far as hepatocyte itself is concerned, the cirrhotic liver preserves the sufficient function as well as the normal liver.

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Changes of the hepatic extracellular matrix during the healing of the focal liver injury

Takato UENO, Sadataka INUZUKA, Takuji TORIMURA, Satoshi SHAKADO, Masao ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1589-1596
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1589

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The present study was undertaken to clear the changes of the hepatic extracellular matrix during the healing process of the focal injury in the rat liver by the light and electron immunohistochemical methods using anti type I, III, IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin serum.
One day after thrusting the heated needle into the rat liver, degenerated hepatocytes produced fibronectin. Two days after the injury, Ito cells began to produce type III, IV collagen and laminin, also endothelial cells began to produce type IV collagen and laminin. Four days after the injury, Ito cells produced type I collagen as well as type III, IV collagen and laminin, and also endothelial cells forming a capillary began to produce type III collagen. In this stage, connective tissue was formed by the extracellular matrix produced by hepatocytes, Ito cells and endothelial cells. Eight days after the injury, hepatocytes began to produce type III collagen, laminin and fibronectin. These results suggested that the extracellular matrix produced by hepatocytes, Ito cells, and endothelial cells plays an important role in the healing process of acute hepatic injury by the fire-heated needles.

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Anti-cholestatic and cytoprotective properties of ursodeoxycholic acid

Studies in vivo and vitro

Yuriko KOGA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1597-1604
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1597

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In order to show the beneficial effect of urosodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration to patients with intrahepatic cholestasis, UDCA was given to intrahepatic cholestasis rat models and primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
Oral administration of UDCA (20mg/kg) to rats with 17α-ethynyl estradiol-induced cholestasis improved biliary excretion of indocyanine green injected intravenously. Cytochemical study showed a better preservation of alkaline phosphatase in the bile canalicular membrane in UDCA treated rat.
In cultured rat hepatocytes, the cytotoxicity induced by taurochenodeoxycholic acid was compromised by increasing the UDCA concentration in culture medium.
These findings suggest that UDCA hampered the development of cholestasis by 17α-ethynyl estradiol and this effect was thought to be brought by the cytoprotective effect of UDCA against the CDCA induced cytotoxicity during the course of cholestasis.

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A sequential ultrastructural study of the central nervous system in experimental portacaval shunt rats

Reversal of the astrocyte response

Kazutaka FUJITA

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1605-1613
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1605

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Encephalopathy was produced in rats by constructing a portacaval shunt followed by intraperitoneal injection of ammonium acetate. Thirty minutes after the injection, 50 per cent of the rats went into a coma, but they reversed to an apparently normal state within 2 hours. Thirty minutes after the injection, the astrocytes were characterized ultrastructurally by marked enlargement of cytoplasm and processes, proliferation of intracytoplasmic organelles and chromatin clumping. These findings were most remarkable in striate and cerebral cortex, and the degree of these changes correlated to the severity of the clinical findings. Two hours later, the astrocyte showed only slight swelling, After twenty-four hours, degenerative neurons were observed mainly in striate and cerebral cortex of two rats prolonged in comatose state. The clinical course corresponded to the levels of blood ammonia, but Fischer ratio remained unchanged. These facts obtained in this study suggest that the astrocytes display morphologically dy amic changes associated with increased metabolic activity in order to produce ammonia detoxification and that these changes may lead to a reversible clinical course.

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Indocyanine green clearance in the in vivo rat liver assessed by organ-reflectance spectrophotometry

Toshiaki NAKASHIMA, Toshikazu NAKAJIMA, Toshihide SHIMA, Yoshifumi SET ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1614-1618
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1614

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The indocyanine green (ICG) clearance in the in vivo rat liver was measured non-invasively by using an organ-reflectance spectrophotometer (MCPD-100, UNION) equipped with a microcomputer. The sequential changes of reflectance spectra of the liver after ICG administration were composed of three phases; it is assumed that ICG shifts from serum to hepatocytes in the first phase, accumulates in hepatocytes in the second phase and is secreted into bile in the third phase. The inflection points between three phases, that were altered by bile duct ligation, portal vein ligation or carbon tetrachloride-intoxication, are suggested to be useful for studying the hepatic ICG clearance in various liver injuries.

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Structural alterations of glycoproteins secreted from human hepatoma cell lines

Analysis with lectin affinity

Kazunori FUKUDA, Jun-ichi TSUMAGARI, Sachiko OGASAWARA, Hirohisa YANO, ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1619-1626
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1619

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Four human hepatoma-derived cell lines (KIM-1, KYN-1, KYN-2, KMCH-1) established in our labolatory were maintained in serum-free medium, and biochemical properties of secreted proteins were studied. Although no obvious antigenic differences were detected between proteins secreted from these culture cells and that of normal human plasma when compared by double-immunodiffusion method, marked structural alterations of carbohydrate chains were indicated by the results of different patterns of lectin-affinity. Carbohydrate moieties of α₁-antitrypsin and α₁-acid glycoproteill were further analyzed by measns of crossed immuno-affino-electrophoresis using 8 lectins, and incomplete processing of carbohydrate chains and abnormal expression of glycosyltransferase system in these culture cells were suggested. Although it is uncertain whether these alterations are due to cell culture conditions or to inherent characteristics of the malignant cells per se., the availability of these cell lines in serum-free medium may provide a useful experimental model for studies on the mechanisms of structural alterations of carbohydrate chains.

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Transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison with operation, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and no treatment

Yuichi TANABE, Kunihiko OHNISHI, Shinji IIDA, Fumio NOMURA, Kunio OKUD ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1627-1635
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1627

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594 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were divided into subgroups based on tumor size, Child's Stages, and presence or abscence of portal vein tumor thrombus, in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect on survival of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in comparison with that of operation, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and no treatment.
Among Child's B patients with HCC less than 5cm in diameter and also patients with HCC more than 5cm in diameter and smaller than 50% of liver area regardless of Child's stages, which did not invade in portal vein trunk, the survival rate for TAE was better than that for intra-arterial chemotherapy and no treatment. These results suggest that TAE is the excellent non-surgical treatment in these groups. But tumor-related death (cancer death and tumor rupture) was the leading cause of death in cases treated by TAE, even though the size of tumor was less than 5cm in diameter.
In comparison with operation, the survival rate for TAE was worse than that for operation in Child's A patients, but comparable to operation in Child's B patients with HCC less than 5cm in diameter. The advantage of TAE in comparison with operation remains to be further investigated in Child's B patients with HCC less than 5cm in diameter and also in Child's A and Child's B patients with HCC more than 5cm in diameter and smaller than 50% of liver area.

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A hemodialysis case of diabetic nephropathy with hepatomegaly related to unstable blood glucose level and with anicteric biliary enzyme elevation following acute hepatitis

Kazuhisa TAKETA, Hiroyuki OHMORI, Katsuo OGAWA, Ken YOSHINO, Seiichiro ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1636-1643
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1636

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An autopsy case of 36-year-old female patient with diabetic nephropathy placed under hemodialysis is described. The patient presented with a marked hepatomegaly, reaching a maximum of 7 fingers' breadth, associated with unstable blood glucose levels, fluctuating mostly between 100 and 1000mg/dl under insulin treatment, and with an anicteric hyper-alkaline phosphatasemia associated with serum transaminase elevations during the course of chronic hepatitis of non-A, non-B type following acute hepatic failure. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased up to 77.8 K-AU with other lines of cholestatic evidence, such as the elevation of serum total cholesterol or the appearance of Slow-migrating HDL, although the serum level of bilirubin did not exceed 1.0mg/dl. The results of histopathological studies revealed that the present case had a hepatic glycogenosis due to the unstable diabetes mellitus and an anicteric biliary enzyme elevation as an unusual type of cholestasis overlapping with chronic hepatitis.

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A case of Thorotrast induced triple cancers

Chorangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer

Yumiko KAMOGAWA, Naoaki HAYASI, Satoshi KITAJIMA, Hiroshi KUBOI, Takes ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1644-1649
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1644

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An autopsy case of Thorotrastosis combined with triple cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gastric cancer was reported. Those cancers were found 44 years after the injection of Thorotrast. The patient was 70 year-old man and admitted to our hospital because of jaundice and fever. On admission, the enlargement of the liver and the elevation of serum AFP and CEA level were found. A plain X-P revealed that fine metallic shadows existed suggested that depositions of Thorotrast in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Gastric cancer was found in the stomach by endoscopic examination. A laparoscopic findings showed that a yellow tumor and multiple reticular depositions of Thorotrast in the surface of the liver. After the death due to the complication of cholangitis, autopsy was performed and revealed cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular and tubular adenocarcinoma in the stomach.

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A case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma as one of triple cancers

Takuo SHINOZAKI, Mamoru YAMADA, Rikiya UEHARA, Tsutomu FUKUHARA, Kazuh ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1650-1655
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1650

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A case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma with metachronous lung cancer and synchronous gastric cancer in a 68-year-old man is reported.
In March 1982, this patient had undergone left upper lobectomy for lung cancer (T₂N₀M₀, squamous cell carcinoma). He was admitted to the University Hospital because of upper abdominal pain in July 1985. On this admission, he was diagnosed to have a tumor of the left intrahepatic duct and an early carcinoma of the stomach. Left hepatic lobectomy and distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy were carried out. Histological examination revealed that gastric cancer (IIc+III type) was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa and hepatic tumor, biliary cystadenocarcinoma 2.0×2.0cm in size.
This is the first reported case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma as one of triple cancers.

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A case of obstructive jaundice caused by dilated intramural gland of the common bile duct

Yukihiko MATSUDA, Tetsuzo KODA, Norihito IWAO, Tomohiro KURAHORI, Mich ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1656-1661
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1656

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A case of obstructive jaundice caused by dilated intramural gland of the common bile duct (CBD) is reported. A 38-year-old man with a history of alcohol addicts and acute alcoholic hepatitis was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of an intra- and extra hepatic bile duct dilatation. On admission, liver function test showed the elevation of ALP, LAP, γ-GTP and serum total bilirubin with a predominant increase of direct bilirubin. Abdominal CT, ERP and PTC revealed occulusion of the intrapancreatic CBD and dilated distal pancreatic duct with its proximal narrowing. With consideration of elevated tumor markers including ferritin, elastase-I and CA 19-9, choledochal carcinoma was suggested most. The examination of the resected specimen showed a cystic tumor (7mm in diameter) arising from the wall of the intrapancreatic portion of the CBD and numerous stones in both the pancreatic duct and its parencyma. No malformation in the choledoco-pancreatico-duodenal junction was identified. Histologically, the cystic tumor was diagnosed as a cyst of dilated intramural accessory glands of the CBD.

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Beta-2-microglobulin of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic HBV infection

Hiroaki MIYAOKA, Morikazu ONJI, Shuji YAMAGUCHI, Yasushi OGAWA, Norio ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1662-1663
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1662

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A simplified method for the measurement of protein synthesis in the liver with the needle biopsy

Takesada GOTO, Takehide ASANO, Tetsuo MORITA, Kaichi ISONO

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1664-1665
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1664

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1666
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1666

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1667
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1667

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1668
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1668

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1669
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1669

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1670
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1670

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[title in Japanese]

1987 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 1671-1690
Published: December 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 09, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2957/kanzo.28.1671

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