The purpose of this study is threefold:
(1) To introduce a brief biography of admiral Isamu Takeshita and his character.
(2) To introduce the features of the “Martial Arts Diary by Admiral I. Takeshita” (MADT), a recently discovered historical document deciphered by the present author.
(3) To further historical research about aikido from December 1925 to about 1928, primarily using the Diary.
Briefly, the main conclusions were as follows:
(1) Takeshita was born in Kagoshima, Kyusyu, in 1869, and died in 1949. He was promoted to Admiral in 1923. In December 1925, he met Morihei Ueshiba who taught him a martial arts called Daitoryu-aikijyujyutu. From that time, he supported in the development of his martial art.
(2) MADT refers to the abridged diary of references made to martial arts from the original diary by the present author.
(3) Ueshiba taught Daitoryu-aki-jujyutu, not Ueshibaryu-aiki-bujyutu, to Takeshita in about 1926. Takeshita was much impressed by Ueshiba, and founded the circle called Aioikai in order to support him. Then they changed the name from Daitoryu-aiki-jujyutu to Aioiryu-aiki-jujyutu. We can understand from this that it became independent from the Daitoryu.
(4) Ueshiba's family moved to Tokyo in October 1927, not Feburary as Kisshyomaru Ueshiba has written in his books.

抄録全体を表示

Sekiguchi-ryu of Takeda family was a kenjyutsu-school transmitted in the Yoshino-river area in the province of Awa. In this school “taryu-jiai” was practiced vigorously with the new training method, “shinai-uchikomi-geiko”, in the latter period of Edo era. Almost all of the “densho-rui”, the traditional writings, of the Sekiguchi-school are owned by the descendants now. There were many martial arts schools whose “densho-rui” have been lost by now, so the Sekiguchi-school seems to be a quite important case for us to know the whole “densho-rui” of martial arts school. In this paper I intended to clarify the kind of “densho-rui”, their awarding order, and the relation berween the new training method and the traditional awarding order of the Sekiguchi school during the period of shifting from the old training method to the new one. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The number of the kind of “densho-rui” in this school which are confirmed by now is about fifty. Among these, eleven kinds of “denjyu-jyo” and “sho-jyo” which were from “Sekigwchi-ryu-hachikajyo”to “Injyu”, formed the traditional awarding order of this school, and were transmitted orderly to the disciples. (2) Six Kinds of “senkyo-jyo” were “sho-jyo” to recognize the six classes of this school which were established at the end of the 18th century. The skillfullness of the technique of the new training method regarded considerably important object to recognize the classes. (3) The traditional awarding order of the Sekiguchi-school was not changed or abolished after the establishment of the six classes. Nevertheless the significance of the traditional “waza” and awarding order based on it disapeared gradually. (4) “Toritate-seido” of the Sekiguchi-school was a characteristic form to instruct the disciples and to operate the martial arts school, and had a kind of character of “iemoto-seido”. “Toritate-seido” had been made because the new trainning method came to be practiced mainly in the Sekiguchi-school.

抄録全体を表示

Tacteristics of three kinds of Japanese bows using energy transfer efficiency. Energy transfer efficiency measured by shooting machine and subjects (two males, called subject A and subject B) in the experiment. The subject A was 43 years of age,178 centimeter in height,72 kilogram in weight, with 23 years of training experience and 5 dan degree. The subject was 21 years of age,167 centimeter in height,67 kilogram in weight, with 6 years of training experience and 3 dan degree. The relation between energy transfer efficiency and impulse of torque added to the grip of bow was also clarified.
The results were as follows:
1) Energy transfer efficiency saturation point were about 7kgF·m·ms (impulse of torque) in bamboobow,4 or 5kgF·m·ms (impulse of torque) in glassfiber-bow and carbonfiber-bow.
2) Energy transfer efficiency was constant a range of drawing from 0.8m to 0.9m in three bows. It is possible to compare energy transfer efficiency of Japanese bows in this drawing range.
3) Energy transfer efficiency of bamboo-bow was 53.7±0.8%, glassfiber-bow was 55.5±0.6%, carbonfiber-bow was 57.9±0.5%. Each value were significantly differece (p<0.01). It is possible to valuate mechanical characteristics of Japanese bows using energy transfer efficiency.
4) The traveling time of the torque added to the grip of fiber-bows to both sides was faster than bamboo-bow. As a result of this, energy transfer efficiency of fiber-bows was higher than bamboo-bow.
5) In the experiment by subject, energy transfer efficiency of bamboo-bow shooting by subject A was higher subject B (p< 0.01). The analyzation method with energy transfer efficiency is useful for the valuation of shooting technique.

抄録全体を表示

優秀な柔道選手14名がいかに現在まで発育・発達してきたのかを検討するために,中学生の体力測定値と現在の値を比較した。結果,概ね標準的な発育と同じかあるいは2倍程度の発育がみられた。そして皮下脂肪についてはそのバラツキが大きいものの平均的には減少していた。また,機能の面は形態に比べてその伸びは著しかったが,形態の影響を受ける肺活量や日常生活でもよく使用する握力の伸びは比較的ゆるやかであった。同時に,各個人の平均的発育発達の程度を標準得点の和で示し,これらと体重・強化レベル・年齢との相関を求めたが,いずれも有意な関連を示さなかった。
そして,このような縦断的発育・発達にいかなるパターンがみられるのかを検討するために各項目の発育発達量の相関行列から因子分析を行った結果,一般的発育・発達パターンとして,、「周育・量育と筋力の一部が伸びていくパターン」「脂肪の増加と筋力の一部が伸びていくパターン」「長育を中心とした体格の発育とそれに応じた柔軟性や肺活量が伸びていくパターン」「下肢長と下肢のパワーの伸びに関連があるパターン」がみられた。
同時に個人の発育発達パターンを検討するために,各個人の発育発達量の相関行列を求め,因子分析を行った結果,「皮下脂肪の増加(減少)の著しいグループ」 「長育や肺活量の増加(減少)の著しいグループ」「下肢長,サイドステップ,垂直跳の増加(減少)の著しいグループ」の3グループに分類された。

抄録全体を表示

剣道にける運動課題は,上肢による竹刀操作と下肢による身体の移動動作が協調的に働くことにある.その際運動動作全体としては体幹に大きな影響を与えない安定した打撃姿勢が求められる.しかし,それらの動作の協調関係についての科学的な考察はまだ十分に行われていない.
そこで,本研究は剣道の正面打撃動作を対象として,左右軸回りの身体各部の角運動量を算出し, 上下肢の動作と体幹との協調関係を角運動量の観点から検討し, 以下の結論を得た.
1.身体の総角運動量の変化は,主に下肢の角運動量によるものであった。
2.竹刀振り上げ動作局面においては,体幹と左下肢の角運動量が竹刀と右下肢による角運動量をそれぞれ打ち消し合うように働いていた.その打ち消す割合は, 間に合いの変化に伴って, 63.5±24.0%(一足一刀の間合い)から79.3±21.5%(遠間)に増加した.
尚,この論文の一部は,第13回国際バイオメカニクス学会(1991年)にて発表した.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study is to determine the locomotory floor patterns for the competitors is the All Japan Kendo Championships.
By using a direct linear transformation method, it was possible to depict a trace of the locomotion distance and speed for the competiors in the match area. It was also possible to determine exact locomotor movement of offensive players as they scored an effective hit (YUKO DATOTSU).
The results were as follows:
1. The Kendo players tended to use the central part of the match area rather than the corners or sides. This tendency was more conspicuous in more highly skilled players.
2. The mean and standard deviation of the movement speeds in all matches were 1.134-0.12m/sec. Almost 71.7% of the time in matches was characterized by locomotion of less than 1 m/sec.
3. Irrespective of gender, total distance travelled during a match of high skill level players was shorter than that during a match of lower skill level players. In general, female used longer locomotion floor patterns than males.
4. The locations in the match area where the YUKO DATOTSU points are scored tended to be in the central portions of the area, while the locations forfinish-up posture (ZANSHIN) tended to be shown in the outer area.
5. The distance travelled after making a YUKO DATOTSU was remarkably longer than that travelled before making the hit. This tendency was more conspicuous in forehead hit (MEN-WAZA) than in forearm hit (KOTE-WAZA).

抄録全体を表示