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Volume 26 (1957 - 195･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 239-
- Issue 3 Pages 185-
- Issue 2 Pages 75-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Giichi HASEGAWA, Takaaki OBA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 185-187
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField exp. of three fertilizer elements treatments of wheat plants (Norin No. 52) were carried (out 1953-56, and N, P, K, Ca & Mg were analysed for leaf analysis. For the diagnosis of the nutritional status of wheat plants it was found suitable to use the leaf blade. Seasonal changes of N, P, K contents in L.B., 1953-55, were shown in Fig 1. The results of the 3 rd year, 1955-56, were omitted because of their similarity to the 2 nd year's results. From all of the 3 years' results 4 of each fertilizer treatments, Fig. 2 was obtained. Comparing the N contents of the four N supplied plots to those of the four non N plots, Fig.3 was gained. There was significant difference of N concentration in L.B. between N supplied plots and non N ones during the whole vegetative growth periods, and despite any combination of NPK fertilizer. Therefore, when the points of M+σ of the non N plots were combined, the critical N concentration curve showing N deficiency was obtained. It may be said that if the N concentration of the L.B. is lower than this curve, the plants are in danger of N deficiency. With P and K, critical concentration curves could be drawn, too (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7). Ca content of L.B. was recognized to negatively correlate with the K content of L.B., but Mg content had no relation to the fertilizer treatments. By means of critical concentration of each of N, P, K during the whole vegetative growth periods, it may be possible to diagnose whether the plants are deficient in N, P, K or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Giichi HASEGAWA, Takaaki OBA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 187-189
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the percentage of N, P or K for the total concentration of N+P+K in L. B., L. S. and I. N. of wheat plants in the Part IV is named N, P & K composition percentage, (for example, N composition percentage is N/(N+P+K)mgm-atom No./100g Dry matter), this composition percentage in the top leaf blade on a given plot is almost constant during the whole vegetative growth periods, and varies characteristically with different fetilizer treatments. The figures are shown in Fig. 1. The composition percentage of NPK plot was almost equal to that of Nil plot, and it maintained normal balance of nutrition, but in the PK plot, N was less, P and K more in the NK plot, P was less, N and K more in the composition percentage as compared with the NPK plot. Thus the NPK composition percentage of top leaf blade reflected well the NPK fertilizer treatments (Fig. 2). Analysis of variance of the NPK composition percentage to the NPK fertilizer elements is shown in Table 2. By examining the NPK composition percentage of top leaf blade, the normal and abnormal status of nutrition as well as the fertilizer elements supplied can be diagnosed.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Isamu BABA, Yasuo TAKAHASHI, Katsumi INADA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 190-192
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the respiratory rate and activities of cytochrome c oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, peroxidase and catalase of leaf blade as affected by the occurrence of the disease were examined using the rice plants cultured by pot experiment method with and without potassium supply, employing the actual paddy field soil on which the disease habitually occurs. Want of potassium caused the disease on lower leaves. Respiratory rate especially that of lower leaf was promoted by the occurrence of the disease and peroxidase and catalase activities were also promoted, but the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase declined. These facts indicate that flavin enzymes act as terminal oxidase accompanying with production of H2O2, in place of metalic enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase. When the ratio of QO2CO2/(QN2CO2) is near to 1 the Pasteur effect exists, and it is said that in such a case thereaction of oxidative phosphorylation might likely be active whereas the increase of this value indicates the decrease of this effect and so the oxidative phosphorylation is supposed to decline. The value QO2CO2/(QN2CO2) of the lower leaf suffered by the disease was as high as two. From these results the promoted respiratory rate due to the occurrence of the disease seems to be accompanied with conversion of terminal oxidase and is supposed to be less efficient for oxidative phosphorylation, on which the further study will be focused.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Hisao YAMAGUCHI, Koji SHIRATORI, Reiko HATANO1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 193-194
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSH2S-oxydation activity of rice roots, was measured in relation to the varietal differences in Akiochi resistance. The results were as follows: 1) H2S oxydation activities of rice roots varied with concentration of H2S and pH of the culture solultion. 2) It has generally been comprehended that H2S oxydation activities of rice roots are due to Fe+++ ions which exist on the root surface. But, according to the authors' findings some oxydative substances in the root cells seem to take some part in the phenomenon. 3) Among the seedlings, grown under high temperatures, later varieties gave generally stronger value of H2S oxydation activity than earlier ones. But under low temperatures, such a relation was not found. 4) It was found that there are positive correlation between Eh6 of the rice root cell-sap and H2S oxydation activity of the root, and that resistance of the plant against yield-fall (Akiochi) is related with the strength of H2S oxydation activity of rice roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Seizo MATSUSHIMA, Takashi OKASE, Genshichi WADA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 195-196
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigating the vertical distributions of CO2 concentrations on actual crop-fields, and applying their values to the formula (1) derived from Thornthwaite-Holzman (1942; DSDA Tech. Bul., 817), the authors tried to establish a new method for measuring the rate of carbon assimilation under actual field conditions, and got the results suggesting the method would be a promising one.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Masayuki INOSAKA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 197-198
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe connection between the vascular strands in the branches on the first order and the vascular strands in the upper leaves of rice plant were investigated. The results were as follows : When radioisotope (P32) solution was given to each upper leaf, the quantity of P32 that moved to the branches on the first order at the same side of the leaf given P32 was larger than that on the opposite side. But this tendency got confused when the period of giving P32 become long. The vascular strands in the branches on the first order connected with the vascular strands in flag leaf directly, and with those of leaves under flag leaf through the ring of peripheral vascular strands.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Tetsuya HIRANO, Shuichi ONODERA, Takeo TAKEMURA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 199-202
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous findings by the authors, it was shown that the settling ability of lowland nursery seedlings was generally lower than that of upland ones both in early and late transplanting cultures of rice plants. More detailed studies were made on the aspect by the same authors. Rice varieties used for the experiments were; 1) cold resistant varieties, 2) cold region varieties, 3) hot region varieties and 4) growth habit hybrids. And of some of the varieties, the seedlings were dressed with much silicic fertilizers. It was elucidated that, in early transplanting culture of rice plants, being naturally attended by low temperature conditions, the settling of upland nursery seedlings was found generally better than that of irrigated seedlings even in the case when the varieties were of the "hot-region" type. In late transplanting culture, application of abundant silica to the nursery bed was found effective to some extent for prevention of withering of leaf blade, but it did not bring any increase in the weight of dry matter of seedlings in the lowland nursery bed. The delay in the seedling settling at cold regions or at cold water districts and low temperature injuries in rice culture would be considerably prevented by means of early transplanting with upland nursery seedlings.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Masao ARAI, Takayoshi KATAOKA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 203-204
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The structure of weed community was changed with plowing time. The quantity of weeds decreased strikingly as the plowing time was delayed (Fig. 1). The relative intensity of influence of two factors (viable seeds population and emergence percentage) on the population of emergence was varied (Fig. 2). As the plowing is delayed, decrease in emergence percentage becomes more influencial in decreasing weed population, because the emergence percentage is closely related with air temperature (Fig. 3). 2) As the growth and yield of wheat are found to be scarcely effected by the delay of seeding time, it can be an effective method of weed control in wheat and barley cultivation in warm regions to regulate the seeding time according to the weed-density.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Noboru YAMADA, Yasuo OTA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 205-211
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Etsuji ISAYAMA, Shintaro OGAWA, Seiji SUZUKI1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 212-214
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Higher productivity of RIKUDEN than the ordinal paddy field was recognized by the field experiments. In spite of the poor initial growth, rice plants cultivated on the RIKUDEN showed better growth in later stages and produced high yield. The high yield on the RIKUDEN can be accounted for by the following characteristics of the RIKUDEN; high percolation of water through RIKUDEN soil, slight differentiation of plow sole layer, less degradation of soil, higher Eh value of soil during the growing period, high humification degree though three essential elements and humus content were lower, and larger soil volume-weight. On the RIKUDEN the roots of rice plants stretched healthy to deep layer and kept high activity even at the latter growth stage. Moreover, many alive leaves are observed after heading with plants on the RIKUDEN. Suffering from diseases and retardation of growth at latter stage are both few, and the straws were stronger. 2. In pot experiments, where the above mentioned characteristics of the RIKUDEN soil such as the high percolation of water, conditions of subsoil, more supply of nutrients by irrigation water, and larger soil volume-weight were eliminated, the same tendency of growth and yield of rice plants as that of field experiments was obtained. So that the high productivity of the RIKUDEN must be attributable for the genuine property of the surface soil of RIKUDEN, in addition to the above mentioned characteristics of the RIKUDEN field. Application of Bentonite was effective not only in preventing excessive percolation of water but also in increasing the absorption of nutrients such as SiO2, CaO, MgO, and MnO by plants, and resulted in the yield-increase with both kinds of soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Isamu MORIMOTO1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 215-216
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mean yields of rice crops shown in varietal test conducted in every prefectural Experiment Station of Japan and yields shown in statistics of every prefecture from 1935-55 are calculated and tabled.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
K. YOSHIHARA, S. KAWANABE, M. UENO, M. HIDAKA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 217-218
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Seasonal distribution of production was examined in three grasses and three legumes for two years. Total yield for two years decreased in the following order, alfalfa and Ladino clover>Italian ryegrass, red clover, orchard grass and mountain bromegrass. Orchard grass and Ladino clover indicated less variation in yearly and seasonal production than the others. (2) Yield and some soil properties of grass plot (G), legume plot (L) and grass-legume mixture (M) were investigated. Plot M produced the highest among them. Orchard grass in M plot contained higher protein content than that in G. Pasture soil can be put in the following order, L>M>G in NO3-N content, G>M>L in soil hardness and L>M>G in velocity of water infiltration into the soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Toyokazu YAMADA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 219-221
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn pot culture, not only morphological characters but also wilting degree by drought varied quantitatively in the individuals, especially obviously between leafy and non-leafy types, but not so distinctly between 4x and 8x (Figs. 1 and 2). The close relations were obtained among degree of wilting, soil water content and number of leaves (Fig. 2, 3 and 4), but loose relation existed between wilting degree and transpiratiom amount per leaf, which was not governed by stomata number and size but leaf size (Figs. 5 and 6). Therefore, under limited volume of soil, wilting degree of a plant due to drought, in general, is considered to be determined mainly by number of its leaves, but not by its mean leaf area (c. f. Table 1). On the contrary, the leaty type, A, was superior in drought tolerance to the non-leafy, B, when grown in deep soil (Figs. 7. 8 and Table 2), probably because the former developed its roots so well that abundant water lost from its larger area of transpiration could be sufficiently supplied. From these results, the possbility to breed some new strains tolerating drought is suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Genkichi KONDO, Masaichi FUKUNAGA, Yoshimoto TANEDA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 222-223
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSucceeding summer crops (upland rice, sweet potato, peanut and millet) were cultivated on soils where preceding winter crops (naked barley, wheat, rape and common vetch) had been done on. A better growth of upland rice tended to be recognized when following common vetch than rape, less when following naked barley and wheat than other crops, but no distinct tendencies on yields of rice were recognized, peanut being so. Better growth of sweet potato and millet was recognized when following common vetch than other crops, viz. the order being as follows : common vetch>rape>naked barley>wheat. Sweet potato and millet following common vetch showed the highest yield in these plots. The soil that common vetch had been cultivated on contained more aggregate than the soil that wheat and naked barley had been done on, but after the harvest of succeeding crops this fact in soil structure was not recognized. Common vetch and rape had good influence on succeeding crops, and sweet potato and millet remarkably were influenced by preceding crops. So it is suitable to combine preceding crops that have good influence on succeeding crops with the latter that remarkably are influenced by the former.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Genkichi KONDO, Masaichi FUKUNAGA, Yoshimoto TANEDA1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 224
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe had non-fertilizers and 3 nutrient elements plots in soils that 4 winter cops had been cultivated on, and millet and peanut under these plots were cultivated in pots. The highest growth and dry matter of millet following winter crops, were in the following order : common vetch>rape>naked barley and wheat, in the dry matter of peanut so like. Residual P2O5 and K2O in these soils were more effective on succeeding crops than the N, but generally we recognized a little effect on the crops following wheat and naked barley. The effect of 3 nutrient elements was remerkable on the crops following common vetch and rape, on all crops that of N was so, but on the crops following wheat and naked barley that of P2O5 was a little. As stated above, this test showed the same results as field test, application of N did remerkable effect, and so pot test instead of field test may be able to know the relation of succeeding crops to preceding crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
Toshio KODAMA, Tatsuro NOMOTO, Kazuyuki WATANABE1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 225-227
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of clearing up the suitable cultural conditions for the directly planted sweet potato plant, we compared the growth and yield between direct sowing and transplanting cultivation under several cultural conditions. The results were as follows; 1) Water content of soil; the smaller the water content of soil the larger the ratio of yield in top and root of directly sown plants to that of transplanted ones. 2) Kind of soil; we used 4 kinds of soils, that in black coloured volcanic ash soil rich in humus, brown coloured volcanic ash soil, alluvial clayey soil and sandy soil. The yield of roots of directly sown plants were larger than that of control in sandy soil and brown coloured volcanic ash soil, but on the contrary reversed in black coloured volcanic ash soil and aleuvial clayey soil. The former two soils contained much air porosity as compared with latter ones in wet conditions. At the directly sowing cultivation, air porosity of soil had a tendency to be on the decrease as cornpared with control at growing period, because it needed about 40 days before sprouting and soil loosened by ridging became compact at sprouting time. So such a soil which had a tendency to decrease the air porosity at wet conditions was not suitable for directly sowing cultivation. 3) Elevation of the field; the yield of roots of plant sown directly was larger than that of control on higher ground.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
Reizo AIMI, Shoshin KONNO1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 228-230
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Takashi SASAKI1958 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 231-232
Published: April 01, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Seven years of rich harvests of lowland-rice crops per Tan, 1887, 1890, 1898, 1904, 1914, 1920, 1933 and seven years of lean harvests, 1884, 1897, 1902, 1905, 1931, 1934, 1935, were taken out mathematically from sixty years 1880∼1930. (2) In the lunar calendar, one month more is added to twelve months, in seven years during nineteen years, to adjust it to the solar calendar. It is called an intercalary month, in the lunar calendar. The year of the solar calendar, which may comprise such an intercalary month as mentioned, is named the year of an intercalary month, by the author. They are as follows : 1881, 1884, 1887, 1890, 1892, 1895, 1898, 1900, 1903, 1906, 1909, 1912, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1930, 1933, 1936, 1938. (3) Comparing (1) with (2), following relations are seen. Rich harvests in lowland-rice crops per Tan occur more frequently in years of an intercalary month. Years of no intercalary month, have more chances of lean harvests.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K)
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