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Volume 67 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 443-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 129-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 67, Issue 4
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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Tomomi NAKAMOTO1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 443-451
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Haruhiko YAMAMOTO, Taizo KOGA, Seiji HAYAKAWA, Yasusuke OHGATA, Tomoka ...1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 452-456
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField experiments were carried out in 1994, 1995, and 1996 to study the effects of chitin on the growth and yield of rice. The results of experiments in 1994 and 1996 showed that chitin as a basal dressing increased the grain weight, and no difference was noted in the grain weight between chitin 500 gm-2 applied plot and the fertilizer plot. In 1995, since rice leaves in the chitin 500 gm<-2> applied plot and the fertilizer plot were infested by Cnapharocrosis medinalis GUENEE, no difference in grain weight was noted between all chitin-applied plots and the fertilizer plot. Positive correlations were observed between the number of spikelets per m2 and the grain weight. The percentage of ripened grains was about 90% in the nonfertilizer and all chitin-applied plots, whereas the fertilizer plot was low. This result may be considered as follows. In the fertilizer plot, LAI at the whole growth stage was high, and light extinction coefficient(K)was increased after heading time. As a result, CGR was decreased. On the other hand, the maximum LAI in the chitin 500 gm-2 plot was about 4.5, light extinction coefficient after heading time was low, and CGR was high. As in the results, grain weight in the chitin 500 gm-2 plot was at the same level as the fertilizer plot.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
Minoru YAMAUCHI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 457-461
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of recycled paper mulch for rice cultivation eliminates the need to use herbicides. The technology of transplanting with recycled paper mulch has been established and used by farmers in Japan. To reduce the labor requirement of transplanting with recycled paper mulch, we developed a direct sowing method with recycled paper mulch. Currently, we hold five rice seeds between two layers of non-woven cloth and paste them on a planting hole of the recycled paper. The seeds are attached to the paper in a hilly manner at 30×15 cm spacing. The paper is spread on the surface of puddled soil after drainage. The problem is that the seedlings are apt to be eaten by birds because the seeds are on the soil surface and exposed to the air. In addition, the complex structure of the seed-attached recycled-paper prevents the low cost mass production. We assumed that attachment of the seeds accommodated in a seed tape underneath the paper which has slits for the emergence of seedings would reduce the damage by birds and make mass-production possible. This study was conducted to reveal the feasibility of seedling establishment of seeds placed underneath the paper mulch. The seedling establishment was controlled by the shape of the slits. When two lines of slits were made in parallel 5 mm apart, and the seed was placed every 2 cm in the seed tape between the slits, we achieved seedling establishment of 60% and 100 seedlings per m2, suggesting the feasibility of drill direct sowing with recycled paper mulch.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Michinori SATO, Atsushi SAWAGUCHI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 462-466
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCultivation for early winter seeding of spring wheat is tested to extend growing periods and to make the wheat mature earlier in central Hokkaido, where soils are covered by snow but don't freeze in winter. In varietal trials using winter and spring wheat varieties at Naganuma, when the plants emerged and grew 1∼2 leaves before continuous snow covering, two winter wheat varieties could survive 61.0∼100% of seeding plants until spring, and three spring wheat varieties showed a large annual variation(0.4∼54.9%)for their winter survivals. On the other hand, when the emergence did not occur before continuous snow covering, all five varieties survived at a relatively high rate(36.1∼81.4%). In seeding date trials using spring wheat cv."Haruyutaka" at 3 locations (Naganuma, Shibetsu, and Pippu), the mean values for accumulated soil temperature and accumulated air temperature from seeding to emergence in early winter seeding was 140°C and 115°C, respectively. On a basis of the past climate trend at some points in central Hokkaido, we considered that an earliest limit of a seeding date for early winter seeding of spring wheat if plants were to survive safely in winter was about 20∼25 days before the average date of continuous snow covering.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K) -
Hideki OHDAN, Hiroyuki DAIMON1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 467-472
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDry matter production and nitrogen absorption of Crotalaria juncea and Sesbania cannabina grown under different underground water levels(16cm[high]and 32cm[low]below the ground)were evaluated in experiments conducted with 200 L volume containers, and the effect of incorporation on the nitrogen contribution to the succeeding spinach was also investigated. The dry weight and nitrogen content of tops at time of incorporation under low level were higher than those under high level in both plant species. No significant difference was noted in the decrement of dry weight and nitrogen content under high level between the two plant species, which was found to range from 30 to 35%. The yield and nitrogen content of the succeeding spinach plant under the high level were superior to those under the low level, regardless of the different dry matter production between water levels in both plant species. The proportion of nitrogen derived from soil and incorporated material to the total nitrogen content was higher than that derived from fertilizer, ranging from 86 to 92%. The inhibition against growth of the spinach plant after the incorporation of a greater amount of C.juncea tops was further investigated in a pot experiment. The fresh weight in a 300g incorporated pot was significantly lower than those in 100g and 200g incorporated pots. The results were discussed in the possibility of introducing C.juncea to the upland fields from paddies.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
Shao-Hui ZHENG, Yoji KAWAGOE1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 473-477
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn northern Kyushu, in Japan, the azuki bean(Vigna angularis(Willd.)Ohwi & Ohashi)is usually sown in spring. The seed quality is inferior to that harvested in Hokkaido because the seed fills under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity in summer. In this report, the effect of summer sowing on the seed quality for 8 early maturing cultivars of azuki bean were investigated for two years. The increase in seed size and the decrease in seed coat content and hard seed frequency were observed in all cultivars by summer sowing in 1993. According to the results of 1995, the seed size and seed coat content of plants sown after July 21, and the seed coat color of plants sown after July 31, were superior to those of other sowings. These characteristics could stand comparison with those of seeds harvested in Hokkaido. However, the hard seed frequency was a little higher than in Hokkaido in 1995. In the case of sowings on July 31 and August 12, not only was the seed yield high, but also the harvest was easy because pods matured uniformly and almost all the leaves defoliated before the harvest time. Therefore it is recommended that the azuki bean be sown from the end of July to the middle of August in northern Kyushu, Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
Kumiko SHINDOH, Hidechika TOYOSHIMA, Akemi YASUI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 478-484
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between the location of panicles and mineral contents in a single grain of rice were investigated. A total of 296 brown rice grains were collected from 4 panicles, Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica cv."Nipponbare". Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and zinc were measured by IGP-AES after the wet digestion of each grain with HNO3-HGlO4. Both the mineral concentration(% or mg/g)and the amount(mg/grain)in a single brown rice grain were calculated. Concerning the dry weight and mineral contents, significant differences among panicles were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The locations of panicles were sorted by 9 kinds of positions on a rachis branch. Dry weight, K concentration, and P and Mg amounts in a single grain showed significant differences in the panicle locations by the same test in each panicle. K concentration increased with a late flowering order of spikelets. P and Mg amounts were large in heavy grains on primary rachis branches.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K) -
Takefumi OGATA, Yuji MATSUE1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 485-491
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of seedling establishment density and sowing styles on the growth, palatability, and physicochemical properties of milled rice under direct sowing culture in flooded paddy fields in northern Kyushu. The density of 80 seedlings/m2 under direct sowing culture was stable and more superior in lodging tolerance, yielding ability, palatability, and physicochemical properties of milled rice than other densities(i.e., 20, 40, 100, 150, and 200 seedlings/m2). Furthermore, the palatability(i.e., overall eating quality)of cooked rice showed a significant(p<0.01)negative correlation with the protein content of milled rice. Especially, the protein content of milled rice from 80 seedlings/m2 was lower than that of milled rice from other densities under different conditions such as production year and varieties. A comparative study with three sowing styles in hills, rows, and broadcast under direct sowing culture was made on the lodging tolerance, yielding ability and palatability of milled rice. The lodging tolerance of hill sowing was superior to the row and broadcast sowings. The yielding ability of hill and row sowings was superior to the broadcast sowing. On the other hand, no significant difference was noted among these three sowing styles in relation to the palatability and physicochemical properties of milled rice. Judging from the deterioration of palatability by lodging, we concluded that hill sowing was the most suitable and broadcast sowing the least suitable for direct sowing culture in flooded paddy fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Kazuyuki OKAMOTO, Hiroshi NEMOTO1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 492-497
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlutinous upland rice is used as a material for rice crackers in Japan. The elite varieties with higher processing suitability are called on to satisfy the increase of demand. The hardness of glutinous rice is important to improve the working efficiency in the manufacture of rice cakes and crackers. We tried to establish method to estimate of rice cake hardness of upland rice by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer(RVA). At first we established a test condition of RVA. We added 400 ppm solution of copper sulfate and measured each value of the RVA characteristics. Used difference in rice cake hardness between two varieties, idling temperature 40°C and temperature slope 10°C/min were most suitable for glutinous upland rice. Under these conditions, the pasting and peak temperature of RVA showed a significant correlation coefficient with rice cake hardness among the 11 major varieties. The rice cake hardness of glutinous upland rice was estimated by pasting and peak temperature. We carried out indirect varietal screening on rice cake hardness by both temperatures. We thought this estimation method showed a higher possibility for the primary selection of hardness because it can measure 3.5 g of milled rice flour. 136 of total Japanese glutinous upland rice, consisted of local and improved varieties, and breeding materials were evaluated. The upland rice variety "Kantomochi 172" was identified as having a remarkably superior hardness in tested them.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Hiroyasu MICHIYAMA, Atsushi FUKUI, Hisayoshi HAYASHI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 498-504
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe common buckwheat cultivars "Shinanonatsusoba"(summer ecotype)and "Miyazakizairai"(autumn ecotype)were cultivated in pots with soil(sandy loam)in summer and autumn at Meijo University, Nagoya. The flowering position in the flower clusters on a plant and their flowering date were investigated. Shinanonatsusoba in summer and Miyazakizairai in autumn had 600 to 850 flowers per plant during the flowering period of about a month. Shinanonatsusoba in autumn and Miyazakizairai in summer yielded fewer seeds. In these cases, Miyazakizairai had remarkably many flowers(more than 2, 600)and a long flowering period of four months, but the seed-setting ratio was low. Shinanonatsusoba had few flowers(199)and a short flowering period of half a month, although the seed-setting ratio was high. Miyazakizairai in summer showed three peaks of flowering and the same end time with autumn cropping. Furthermore, (1)continuation of the occurrence of new flower clusters, (2)differentiation of new flower buds on flower clusters that had once ceased flowering, and(3)regrowth of dormant lateral buds were observed at the later stage. Within a flower cluster, a greater number of flowers and a longer flowering period were also evident. Moreover, It is important to note that they showed long intervals of flowering among flower clusters, subflower clusters, or flowers in a subflower cluster. In autumn, Shinanonatsusoba had the same intervals as in summer, but they had only few flower clusters, subflower clusters, and flowers in a subflower cluster.View full abstractDownload PDF (1349K) -
Naoko FUKUTA, Tomoyuki YUKAWA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 505-509
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between snow tolerance and growth characteristics in early winter was investigated using 41 varieties of broad bean. Varietal differences in snow tolerance were detected after 36 and 61 days of continuous snow cover. After 61 days of snow cover, only 2 varieties survived and 39 varieties were injured seriously. After 36 days of snow cover, 4 varieties were injured seriously but 37 varieties survived. The 41 varieties examined were classified into 3 groups based on their snow tolerance; hardy, intermediate and susceptible. To breed a snow tolerant variety, varieties in each group were bred under similar environmental condition. Several significant correlations were recognized between the degree of snow injury and some growth characteristics in early winter. The hardy varieties had a short plant length, light fresh and dry weights of foliage, high percentage of dry weight of foliage and late floral differentiation, whereas the susceptible varieties showed opposite tendencies. In the susceptible group, floral differentiation started in the early stage of growth and the floral buds developed markaedly before winter, suggesting that the susceptible varieties belong to spring type of broad bean. These results show that the varietal difference in snow tolerance of broad bean is closely correlated with the development of floral differentiation and morphological characters at early winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
Takahide BABA, Osamu YAMAGUCHI, Masahiko FURUSHO1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 510-515
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour varieties of malty barley were collected for five years, and the yearly variation in various traits influencing yield and apparent grain quality were examined. The variation of these traits was analyzed to determine the yearly variance in the varietal difference. There were no significant genotype × year interactions in the number of ears, but a significant genotype × year interaction was detected in thousand kernel weight, plump grain rate and plump grain yield. The results showed that varietal differences in these traits varied with the years. We suggested that the yearly variation was caused by the difference in precipitation and the time of rainfall. There were no significant varietal differences in inspection grade but there was a significant genotype × year interaction in inspection grade, showing that it was difficult to evaluate varietal differences in inspection grade. Varietal differences in the occurrence of damage grains varied with the year, and the occurrence was suggested to be affected by precipitation, the time of rainfall and poor sunshine.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Takefumi OGATA, Yuji HAMACHI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 516-519
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA red-kerneled, glutinous rice new cultivar Tsukushiakamochi, developed at Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center, was selected from the cross between Saiwaimochi and Tsushimazairai. The maturation date came about 8 days later than that of Saiwaimochi. The plant was the intermediate type with long culms. The ear took on a bright red in the heading date, then venetian red in the maturing date. Tsukushiakamochi was slightly susceptible to lodging and was resistant to preharvest sprouting. The dormancy was shorter than that of Tsushimazairai, and it was resistant to shattering. The yielding ability was lower than that of Saiwaimochi, but higher than that of Tsushimazairai. The palatability of "mochi" was similar to that of Saiwaimochi, and the color was pink. Since this cultivar has good agricultural characteristics, Tsukushiakamochi was considered to be a suitable glutinous rice for a local special product.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
Tomohiko YOSHIDA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 520-522
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix-rowed, naked barley varieties, which are grown in western Japan, are generally susceptible to scab and excess soil moisture injury. For hulled varieties, two-rowed varieties are more tolerant to these injuries than six-rowed varieties are. Therefore two-rowed, naked varieties with good agronomic characters and BaYMV resistance, named YNH-2 and YNH-3, were developed through backcrossings. An intermediate parent, Hakei N107, was developed from the cross of Hiproly/2*Saikai kawa 12//Daisen Gold. Another intermediate parent, NHS-1, was developed from the cross of Hakei N107/Hakei P20. YNH-2 was developed from the cross of Daikei R2264/NHS-1. BaYMV resistance was derived from Daikei R2264, and YNH-3 had nearly the same pedigree as YNH-2. The grain yield of YNH-2 and YNH-3 was same as two-rowed, hulled check varieties. Grain quality was good. At present, two-rowed naked varieties are not grown in Japan, but YNH-2 and YNH-3 would contribute a more stable production of naked barley. The cold tolerance of YNH-2 and YNH-3 was moderate, incdicating that nakedness and lack of cold tolerance were not always associated, as previously mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
Kuniyuki SAITOH, Sachiko ISOBE, Toshiro KURODA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 523-528
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPod elongation and seed growth in a determinate type of soybean were investigated in relation to nodal positions and raceme orders. Pods began to elongate on day 16 after the beginning of flowering, and seed growth was started on day 14 after the beginning of pod elongation(i.e., it took 30 days). The lower the raceme orders, the higher the final pod length and seed dry weight. The floral organs on the 4th and 5th orders of racemes began to flower on day 21 after the flowering of basal buds, but started to elongate on day 10 after the beginning of elogation of basal pods. Furthermore, the increase in seed weight began on day 6 after the beginning of the growth of basal pod seeds. The rate of pod elongation was highest on order 3 raceme and the rate of dry matter accumulation in seeds on order 2 raceme was higher than on the basal order raceme. Flower or pod abortion was observed most frequently just before the period of pod elongation. Although soybean had a long flowering period according to raceme orders, both the pod elongation and the seed growth were synchronous among raceme orders; thus seeds were matured at the same time.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Teruo ARASE, Naoto INOUE1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 529-537
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a threshold to investigate the climbing growth relative to seed production in yabumame(Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.), the plant size, branching construction, and elongation of the climbing stem were analyzed with reference to phytomer concept. Four strains with different characteristics of seed production were grown for 150 days and harvested during their flowering period. Branching development was observed up to the 4th order. The production of branches and phytomers were maximal at the secondary order in each strain. A significant difference was detected among strains in the number of main-stem phytomers and in the number of primary branches. Since the branching pattern was too complex to analyze, the plasticity of branching construction(H)and the plant-type index(H'), based on entropy, were calculated in each branch order. H was maximal at secondary branches, and H' increased as the branch order rose in each strain. A significant difference existed in H and H' of primary branches among strains, and the two significantly correlated positively. Branches were classified into "aerial" and "close to the ground." The plasticity of phytomer elongation(PE) was calculated on the basis of range among phytomer lengths and the F-value by linear prediction applied to those as serial data. The PE of primary branches close to the ground was significantly different among strains. The order of PE magnitude between aerial branches and close-to-ground branches was dissimilar among strains. The plasticity of branching construction and of phytomer elongation appeared to have different ecophysiological backgrounds, since neither H nor H' hardly correlated to PE value.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K) -
Masataka YAMASHITA, Toshio TAKYU, Tetsuji SABA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 538-542
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough seeding tea plants grow roots deeply, clonal tea plants develop shallow root systems as a result of cutting. This change in the distribution of root systems, depending on reproductive methods, is an interesting phenomenon in tea cultivation. To study the mechanism, we investigatied varietal differences in the growth direction and number of adventitious roots(≥1 mm in diameter)by using 9-month-old cuttings of Japanese, Assamese, and Chinese varieties in 1995 and 1996. Most Japanese varieties had a growth angle of adventitious roots ranging from 65 to 75°against the perpendicular direction and produced seven or more adventitious roots(≥1 mm in diameter). The Assamese and Chinese varieties, however, exhibited a growth angle significantly different from the Japanese varieties. Both of these varietal groups had mean growth angles about 15° smaller than the Japanese group did, but they were inferior to the Japanese varietal group in the number of adventitious roots. Thse results suggested the genetic diversity of the growth direction of adventitious roots and that Assamese and Chinese varietal groups may develop deeper root systems in comparison with Japanese varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (1037K) -
Youji NITTA, Yoshinori YAMAMOTO, Takashi NAGAMI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 543-548
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuccessive cross section of the unelongated portions of the main stem and tillers of five rice cultivars, with a plant age of 7.4-7.5 in leaf number, were investigated to clarify the varietal differences in the formation of crown root primordia(CRP) on the stem and tillers.(1)The numbers of CRP and emerged crown roots were the largest in the main stem followed by the 2nd- and 3rd-node tiller. This order coincided with the orders in the number of the 'units', the stem length and the area of peripheral cylinder of longitudinal vascular bundles. No differences were found in the diameter of the base of CRP(DCRP) among the main stem, 2nd- and 3rd-node tillers.(2)When the stem was divided into successive 'units' as previously reported, a significant positive correlation was found between CRP number and respective area of peripheral cylinder of longitudinal vascular bundles of the main stem, and 2nd- and 3rd-node tillers. The percentage of the CRP formation(PCRP) represented by the linear regression coefficient was higher in tillers than in the main stem, and cultivars with high PCRP in the main stem showed a high PCRP in the 2nd-node tiller. The differences of the PCRP among cultivars was larger than that between main stem and tillers in the same plant.(3)PCRP was higher and DCRP smaller in the lower portion of the unelongated stem than in upper portions in the main stem except for the case of IR 36. These differences were not found between upper and lower portions of the unelongated stems of tillers. This indicates that characteristics related to the formation of CRP are different between portions of the stem, and also closely related with DCRP.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Yingdian WANG, Eiki KURODA, Mitsugu HIRANO, Takao MURATA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 549-554
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSink size per panicle was greater in the rice varieties of panicle weight type, Ouu 316, and Fukuhibiki, and the big grain type, Ouu 327, compared with the rice variety of panicle number type, Hitomebore. However, the percentages of ripend grains in Fukuhibiki and Ouu 327 were similar to and greater than that in Hitomebore, respectively. The yield on a per-panicle basis was also higher, more than 60%, in these varieties. The decrease in the dry weight of leaves and stems during the early grain-filling stage seemed to be greater in Fukuhibiki and Ouu 327 than in Hitomebore and Ouu 316. This indicates that more accumulates in leaves and stems before heading resulted in high yield on a per-panicle basis in the former two varieties. On the other hand, increases in total and panicle dry weight, and in crop growth rate and net assimilation rate, on a per-panicle basis during the grain-filling stage were greater in the varieties of panicle weight and big grain types than in Hitomebore, especially much greater in Fukuhibiki and Ouu 327. The leaf areas of sunny leaves were not greatly different among all varieties, but Hitomebore and Ouu 316 had greater leaf areas of shady leaves than Fukuhibiki and Ouu 327 did.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Kiyoshi NAGASUGA, Fumitake KUBOTA, Kenji HIRAO, Kazuyoshi NADA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 555-560
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNapier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.)is known as a species with high productivity of biomass and high water use efficiency. In this study, the water transport and leaf photosynthesis of the species, using plants(var.Merkeron)grown in different environments, were discussed on the bases of photosynthetic and transpiratory responses measured directly after excisions of various parts of plants. During the measuring of rates of leaf photosynthesis(Pn) and transpiration(Tr), the excision of a lower part of the leaf blade allowed the rates to rise temporarily, and especially large increases were observed in leaves subjected to drought stresses. The rise of Pn depended on the increases in stomatal and mesophyll conductances. No responses in Pn and Tr were detected by excising any parts of plant below the sheath joint of the measuring leaf, but excision of the leaf sheath caused increases in both rates. Such parts as the leaf sheath joint seem to have a role in controlling or preventing water stream in a plant. Contrary to this, in shade-grown plants the rates increased by rhizome excision. Napier grass is considered to have a high sensitivity to water movement in a plant and a unique morphological mechanism to conserve the use of water.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Wataru TAKAHASHI, Junjo MATSUSHITA, Takako KOBAYASHI, Osamu TANAKA, To ...1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 561-567
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpicotyl segments(approximately 1 cm in length)of Vigna angularis(cv.Tanbadainagon)inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes produced hairy roots and/or adventitious buds. Mikimopine and the predictable PCR band for rol gene were detected in the hairy roots, and plantlets obtained from the adventitious buds were negative for both products. These results suggested that the segments can induce the formation of adventitious buds without an infection of A.rhizogenes; therefore this possibility was examined. As a result, adventitious buds were formed from the segments on a hormone-free medium and promoted by low concentrations of 6-benzyladenine(BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA). When the calli induced on the medium containing BA and/or NAA were transplanted onto the hormone-free medium, they induced an organogenic callus, which was growing with the formation of a green leaflike structure. Especially, the frequency of organogenic callus formations was very high in calli that had once produced adventitious buds. The development of shoots from organogenic callus was induced on the medium containing gellan gum with NAA. Shoots(more than 1 cm in length)cut from epicotyl segments and organogenic callus produced roots and developed actively on the hormone-free medium. The procedures obtained in the present study are useful for the genetic improvement of the plant via biotechnology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1632K) -
Kazue MIZUTA, Kaoru ABE, Yasuo OZAKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 568-572
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater by a ditch planted with several plants, including terrestrial species, was studied. The effects on the removal rate by shading were also examined. Papyrus, marigold, reed, peppermint, sorghum, impatiens, and kenaf were tested. All plants were effective for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater, which contained 2.5 mgL-1 nitrogen and 0.5 mgL-1 phosphorus. The ditch planted with papyrus, kenaf and sorghum removed 70-90% of nitrogen and phosphorus loaded. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of the ditch planted with papyrus, kenaf, and sorghum was 1.17, 1.07, 0.80 gm-2d-1, and 0.21, 0.16, 0.12 gm-2d-1, respectively. Removal rates fluctuated with the change in solar radiation. During the shading treatment, the removal rate decreased, but it recovered soon after the treatment ended.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
Kazuto IWAMA, Noriaki MOGI, Shinji ICHIKAWA, Toshihiro HASEGAWA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 573-580
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrop situation index(CSI, a ratio of yield to average yield over years)of paddy rice in the Hokkaido area in 1993 was 40, the lowest since 1949, because of a cool-weather damage. The yield and CSI, however, varied largely among 134 municipal areas of rice cultivation in Hokkaido. The yield ranged from 10kg ha-1 to 3, 820kg ha-1, and the GSI ranged from 0 to 68. The yield and CSI were highest in the northern part of Hokkaido, intermediate in the central part, and lowest in the southern and eastern parts. They tended to be lower in areas where an average yield of rice over the years was lower(r=0.719***). The difference in CSI between the areas was mainly due to sunshine hours and maximum air temperature from middle July to early August, although the effect on CSI was greater in sunshine hours than in maximum air temperature. Two rice varieties, Yukihikari and Kirara 397, although bred mainly to improve eating quality, were more tolerant against cool-weather damage than older varieties were. We therefore considered that the wide cultivation of these new varieties did not necessarily aggravate the cool-weather damage in 1993, although more tolerant varieties should be desirable in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
Toshio TAIRA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 581-582
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Toshio TAIRA1998 Volume 67 Issue 4 Pages 583-584
Published: December 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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