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Volume 57, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Mamoru Tamai, Fumiaki Sato1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 299-306
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermochemical water splitting cycle using Iron-Copper-Chlorine families is rather promising cycle than other cycles that have been studied in the past.
This cycle is composed of five reactions and two of them are liquid phase reac-tions which result in a low temperature and mitigation of corrosion problem.
These reactions are hydrolysis of FeCl2, aqueous chlorination of Fe3O4, aqueous reduction of FeCl3, thermal decomposition of CuCl2, and reverse Deacon reaction.
It is comfirmed experimentally that all reactions proceed satisfactorily.
Based on the results of experiments, the process flow sheet was made and mass and heat balanse were calculated. And obtained themal efficiency was about 30%. From this value, this cycle is supposed to be feasible.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
Tokio Ohta1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 307-316
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent results of the water decomposition studies in the developed countries are reviewed. It is firstly apointed, from the thermodynamical point of view, that the interface between the primary energy and the decomposition technology is most important. The direct thermal, radiation irradiation, thermochemical, and the hybrid methods are introduced and discussed paying more attention to priority. Finally, tne three-stepped hybrid methods of Yokohama National University and the photoelectro-chemical method which was discovered in Japan are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1329K) -
Eiichi Kikuchi1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 317-322
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrogen has been manufactured mostly by steam reforming or partial oxidation of naphtha or natural gas. Hydrogen demand in chemical industry will increase at least for coming several decades. In the respect of effective utilization of fossil resources, coal and residual oils in addition to light petroleum fractions will be required to be feedstocks for hydrogen production. Many coal gasification processes have been developed, especially since the energy crisis 1973. The manufacture of hydro-gen from residual oils has been industriallized by thermal partial oxidation as in Shell and Texaco processes. For the future technology for hydrogen production by the gasi-fication of coal and residual oils, catalytic processes are expected as done in most chemical industries. This review describes the fundamental researches on the catalysis in the gasification of coal and residual oils, optimistcally applicable to fulfiill this expectation.
Available information most directly relevant to catalysis of coal gasification has been obtained only within the last several years. As in the gasification of graphite or coke studied since 1920s, substances of basic nature like alkali salts are shown to be effective for coal gasification. The method of catalyst addition is very important to coal gasification processing. For the gasification of residual oils, nickel catalysts are as effective as for the fasification of light petroleum fractions. For residual oil proces-sing, however, a combination of the use of sulfur scavengers, properly designed reactor, and catalyst regeneration may be required as a final solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Akira Suzuki1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 323-335
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree basic methods for the storage and the transmission of hydro-gen are discussed in this review. These forms are gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen and metal hydrides. Gaseous storage and transmission have not received much attention because of safety problems due to the high-pressure containers and the container weight penalty. Liquid storage and transmission have also the various penalties, that is to say, liquefication energy, boiling off, ortho-para transition etc. But this lipuid hydrogen storage method shall be most applicable on a large scale in future. The methods to recover some of the liquefication energy are discussed. The use of metal hydrides as hydrogen storage and transmission media has been received increasing attention over the past several years. The recent studies for the hydrides of Mg (Ni), AB5 type alloys and TiFe and the other promising hydrides are reviewed. The storage abilities of the various hydrogen absorbing alloys are sensitive to the simplicity of theis phases and affected by the impurities and activation procedures. The application and demonstration studies are described concerning with off-peak energy storage, metal hydride containers and vehicles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1823K) -
1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 335
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (78K) -
Masaru Hiruma1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 336-345
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn relation to engine combustion characteristics, i. e., mainly the backfire, pre-ignition and a sudden increase in the pressure around stoichiometric mixture, the engine performance and NOx in the exhaust gas as well as the results obtained by varying hydrogen supply methods by means of pre-mixture spark ignition, injection spark ignition and diesel method, etc. are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (2436K) -
Kimio Ishimaru1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 346-356
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince fuel cells are electrochemically converting energy units, the efficiency is high with no emission of nitrogen oxides. Therefore, they are most suitable energy converting units in the age of hydrogen economy.
This paper deals with the working principle, types of fuel cells and the position they occupy in a hydrogen system. The paper also discusses about their being energy saving units in the present age of fossil fuels, and also explains about the TARGET project which used natural gas as fuel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1456K) -
Yoshimichi Tsuru1978 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 357-370
Published: May 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report discribes production methods of substitute natural gas (SNG) to meet the demand for high calory fuel gas.
Recent developments in hydro gasification and methanation processes such as GRH. FBH. HYGAS. Hydrane, Cold gas Recyde. Liquid phase methanation, Fludized methanation and Synthane methanation processes are reviewed.
These processes have made rapid progress and many of them have reached a pilot-stage.
However, there still remain many problems and sometime will be necessary before the establishment of: commercial size plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1757K)
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