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Volume 60, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 141-142
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (381K) -
Zenji TATAI1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 143-152
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapan, depending more than 70% of her primary energy needs on pe-troleum, is now facing a difficult energy situation such as the recent unstability of the world petroleum market and the prospects over the future petroleum supply shortage and price in-creases of crude petroleum.To coordinate with the above situation, energy problem becomes to share one of the most important areas in the government policy making.The government of Japan drew up a preliminary forecast of primary energy supply and demand up to 1990 and presented a supply target of alternative energies for petroleum also through 1990, and is vigorously trying to attain those objectives.But, to introduce some main alternatives such as nuclear power, coal and LNG to the levels expected seems difficult even with the utmost efforts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1263K) -
Akira OHTA1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 153-164
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the first oil-crisis of 1973, The Japanese Steel Industry has taken many efforts to achieve conservation of energy and oil.In this paper, procedures of steel production, energy consumption and technology of energy conservation are described along with future themes for energy and oil conservation.
Since the second oil crisis of 1979, almost all blast furnaces of integrated steel works stopped using oil for injection and, as a result, the percentage of coal-related energy of all consumed energy increased to about 90% form 70% in 1973.
In all steel works of Japan, consumption of oil-related energy decreased form 15 million kl in 1973 to 6 million in 1980 (estimate).View full abstractDownload PDF (1575K) -
Mainly as one of power generating fuelsToru KIMURA1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 165-173
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOil supply has been rapidly un-stable since the so-called second oil crisis.Electric power companies in Japan will convert their fuels from oil to other alternatives in their existing oil-fired power stations in the near future.Conversions to LNG, Coal and COM (coal-oil-mixture) have been studied or made, but they have their own drawbacks.In addition to existing oil-fired plants, the companies will be required to develop alternative fuels other than nuclear, LNG, coal, hydro, and geothermal to provide newly-built power plants with fuels.
Methanol is thought to be one of main alternatives for oil.It is clean fuel like LNG.We can easily transport and store it, and produce from natural gas by conventional technol-ogy.Process for producing it from coal has been developed.There are abundunt natural gas reserves even outside OPEC countries, and we have huge brown coal or lignite reserves which can not be used otherwise as well as hard coal (btituminous or sub-bituminous coal).
It is necessary, however, for us to study following items in order to commercialize the utilization of methanol as a fuel for power generation-----supply potential, economics, envi-ronmental impact and technology for utilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1232K) -
Tatsuo FUKUYAMA, Yoshihiro FUNABIKI, Syozo ITAGAKI1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 174-182
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have tried to estimate coke properties by means of petro-graphic analysis on semi-cokes obtained from Gieseler plastometer.
In this study, a series of 14 coals ranging from 0.79 to 1.67 in reflectance of vitrinite was used.
Gieseler plastometer tests were carried out on these coals, and produced semi-cokes were examined by polarized microscopy to determine the properties of the different types of optical anisotropy.
The authors found that the properties of carbonized coke have been correlated highly with the petrographic analysis of semi-cokes.
This means that coke properties such as drum strength (DI) coke strength after reac-tion (CSR) and coke reactivity index (CRI) can be estimated from the petrographic analysis of semi-cokes.
This method could be applied to the blending theory of coals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1296K) -
Takeshi SAKAI, Masahiro SAITO1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 183-191
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCombustion behaviour and characteristics of a COM (Coal-Oil Mixture) droplet by forced ignition were investigated experimentally, considering time change of droplet diameter, droplet temperature and effect of ambient air temperature on the combustion rate coefficient.
The results were compared with those reported in the previous paper regarding self-ignited COM droplet. The results showed that the combustion behaviour of COM droplets were successive two process combustion, gasification combustion was followed by solid combustion of residual carbon as same as in the case of spontaneous (self-) ignition. During the gasification combustion period, it was observed that droplets swelled and deflated alternatively in consequence of the polymerisation reaction proceeding simultaneously with the thermal cracking of oil and coal. The gasification combustion rate coefficient of COM droplets was increased linearly with increasing of ambient air temperature and it's value was smaller than those of spontaneous ignition. It is confirmed that the solid combustion rate coefficient of residual carbon could be predicted roughly by the modified Essenhigh's equation. The reac-tion on the surface of solid residual carbon can be considered both C+1/2 O2→CO and C+O2→CO2 are proceeding competively.
Furthermore, overall combustion rate coefficient of COM droplets were about 1/2-1/4 comparing with that of base oil. It may be explained with the longer solid combustion period of COM droplets and this period are covering considerable part of overall combustion period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1161K) -
Takao KARASAWA, Toshio KURABAYASHI, Etsuo AOKI1981 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 192-197
Published: March 20, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe immersion sampling technique with a cylindrical rotary shutter is quite popular in measuring spray droplet sizes. However some problems with this technique remain unsettled. In this paper the extent to which droplets fail to impact the cylindrical rotary shutter is experimentally investigated. Experiments have been carried out using a steady water jet from a 0.2 mm hole nozzle varing the diameter of the cylindrical shutter from 22.5 mm to infinity (flat plate) and the sampling distance from 800 mm to 2, 300 mm.
From the results obtained the following can be concluded:
(1) Contrary to expectation, failure of droplets to impact is fairly rare.
(2) Though failure to impact increases with an increase in shutter diameter, the rate of increase is very small after the shutter diameter exceeds about 30 mm.
(3) Since failure to impact occurs over the whole range of droplet size, arithmetic and Sauter mean diameter and size distribution are not affected significantly by the existence of the rotary shutter.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K)
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