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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 351 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1985
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 351 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1985
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 351 Pages
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 351 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 351 Pages
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NOBUSUKE SAKATA, TORU OTSURU, HIDETOSHI YAMAGISHI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
1-10
Published: May 30, 1985
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Curving a flat panel increases its ability to sustain statical transverse loads, which suggests that in lower frequency range curved panels have superior sound insulation to flat panels. In this paper cylindrical panels are compared with flat panels on the following respects. In the first place, sound transmission properties of cylindrical and flat panels are examined by random incident transmission loss measurement. And above mentioned sound insulating properties are found below 4 kHz frequency range. Secondly, the effects of a cylindrical panel's mass and sound radiation impeadance on its sound insulation are examined. and they are found to be considerably small. Then, to consider the effect of their stiffness, cylindrical panels' natural frequencies are analyzed. Here, finite element method is expected to have suitable ability to get dynamic response to acoustic excitation of panels with various shapes and boundary conditions. In this respect planer shell element is examined to calculate natural frequencies up to 5 kHz in comparison with experiments and theoretical analysis using this method, cylindrical panels are found to have broader stiffness control zone than flat panels. And using this method sound insulating properties of cylindrical panels are expected to be analyzed in detail.
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AKIRA HOYANO, MASAHIRO CHATANI, KOJI YAGI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
11-19
Published: May 30, 1985
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MASAMI KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
20-26
Published: May 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Using the data of 3925 building fires occurred in Tokyo during 1981, effectiveness of equipments and systems for fire extinguishment have been analysed. Most of fire fightings by occupants were conducted using fire extinguishers or water from taps with buckets or vinyl hoses. The success rate of fire extinguishment of above measures were almost same which reached more than 50 % when fire fightings were started before fire spread to ceilings. The effectiveness of a) automatic fire detection system, b) fire extinguishers, c) interior fire hydrant system and d) sprinkler system have been analysed. Buildings with one of above equipments had higher success rate of fire extinguishment system whose function was to put out fires in their early stage than the buildings not equipped with them. Calculation shows the success rate of fire detection system with automatic fire detectors is estimated between 346 and . 697 and the success rate of fire extinguishment system with b) fire extinguishers, c) interior fire hydrants and d) sprinklers are estimated between b). 391 and. 438, c). 179 and. 302 and d). 250 and. 750. Reasons of failures of above systems have been analysed using Fault Tree Analysis Method. About eighty percent of failures of automatic fire detection system were caused by human errors half of which were cuttings of electricity or bells and the rest were delay of recognition of fires by occupants. Forty to fifty percent of failures of fire extinguishment system with fire extinguishers or interior fire hydrants were caused by human ignorance of or indifference to the equipments, which made them unused. Sprinkler system had few failures caused by human errors. In order to increase success rate of fire extinguisment system, more consideration of man-machine system that embraces human errors and characteristcs is needed.
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TOSHINOBU OKU
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
27-37
Published: May 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This paper reports on the influence of townscape elements on the estimation of townscape by means of the montaged slides. Methodology Subjects : These consisted of 38 students, 18 (males) undergoing training in architectural design and 20 (females) with no formal design training. Stimulus Material : 10 montaged slides. A photographic retouching technique was used on the photograph of the present state townscape to simulate the removal or the addition of the townscape elements such as top of buildings (skyline), trees, arcade, windows, surface of road, landmark, billboards, utility poles and overhead wires. Procedure : Using 45 pairs of montaged slides from 10 ones, the subjects were required to judge which member of each pair they considered to possess most of the quality indicated (3 categories ; unity, intimacy and preference). Analyses of the data : Dual Scaling was employed. Results and Discussions Every montaged townscape except one was judged to have a higher degree of unity than that of the present state townscape. It was suggested that the higher a degree of unity became, the higher a degree of intimacy and preference became, but if too high became a degree of unity, then lower down became a degree intimacy and preference. and besides, the correlations among 3 categories, and others were discussed.
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YUKIO NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
38-47
Published: May 30, 1985
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Up to Old Shrines and Temples Protection Act 1897, the definition of old shrines and temples had transformed from those whose origins were rarely old to those which were connected especially with Imperial Family, shogun's house or so. And it was not until the Old Shrines and Temples Protection Act 1897 that the architecture itself was legally regarded as cultural properties. In this second part, it is intended to make clear that the theory of conservation had shifted from conservation of 'constitution' to that of their own properties mainly from the minutes of the proceedings at the Imperial Diet about prewar legislation on conservation.
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KOUICHI ISHIZAKA, KOUHEI MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
48-56
Published: May 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This paper deals with a distribution of house rent and household income in metropolitan areas. A summary of conclusion is as follows ; (1) In Keihin, Chukyo and Keihanshin metropolitan areas, the simultaneous distributions of house rent and household income, in the case of household living in private rental housing, can be well approximated by 2-dimentional logarithmic normal distribution. (2) An average of proportion of house rent to household income has been going down in the period from 1968 to 1978. Particularly, in the case of housing with joint use of facilities, that tendency is conspicuous. (3) A variance of proportion of house rent to household income increased in the period from 1968 to 1973, but it was stable from 1973 to 1978. (4) A correlation coefficients of the proportion of house rent to household income and household income itself are almost stable from 1968 to 1978. In the case of housing wth exclusive use of facilities, it is between -0.65 to -0.55, and in the case of housing with joint use of facilities, it is between -0.8 to -0.7. (5) Income elasticities of the proportion of house rent to household income have been converging to a certain extent. In the case of housing with exclusive use of facilities, it is between -0.7 to -0.6, in the case of housing with joint use of facilities, it is between -1.0 to -0.8. (6) Generally speaking, the characteristic of simultaneous distribution of proportion of house rent to household income and household income itself, changed substantially in the period from 1968 to 1973, but in the period of 1973 to 1978, it was almost stable.
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KOUHEI MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
57-63
Published: May 30, 1985
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The objective of the study reported herein is to examine the characteristics of the "EEN HUlS MET GARANTIE" of the Garantie Instituut Woningbouw in Holland, which was established in 1974. The principal characteristics of the system are summarized as follows ; 1) The terms of guaranty varies between 6 years and 6 monthes, according to the performance of building elements. 2) The ten year liability for the structural damage on the civil code is preserved. The traditional completion quarantie, repairing defects noted in 6 monthes after the reception, is also preserved on the standard contruct. 3) The benefit of the guarantee is not assigned to the successive owner. 4) The GIW covers, by insurance, the repair cost of defects liable to the registered builders only in the case of their defaults. 5) The GIW also compensates, by bond of banker or insurer, the loss of purchaser in case of the default of builder before the reception of building. 6) The quality standard of building is defined by GIW on the national building standards. 7) The housing project must be passed the examination of technical aptitude in the stage of the housing project registration. 8) The site inspection is done by the technical officers of the GIW who do not always commute but live locally. 9) The registration of builders is offered to applicants on the examination of their technical ability, financial stuation and execution standard of buildings. 10) The technical and financial soundness of a registered builder is also examined in the stage of each housing project registration. 11) The insurance adopted in the GIW scheme is a surety bond. 12) The insurance premium is about 0.35% of the building cost. 13) The dispute on the guarantee must be submitted to the GIW conciliation, the award of which has a binding power. 14) The dispute on the contruct of building is refered to the arbitration.
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KAZUNARI SAKAMOTO, NOBUYUKI ENDO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
64-74
Published: May 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This study aims to clarify the role and the function of the icon in architecture through an examination of role, character and meaning of form as the icon which determine the outward appearance of architecture. The subject of our study is an opinion-survey which we called [Image Research of Architecture] performed in order to observe various architectural images. This report deals with a particular aspect of the opinion-survey in which the respondents were asked to evaluate the impressions of 76 exterior photographs of detatched houses using 9 bi-polar perceptual scales. First, as the result of the factor analysis of the 9 perceptual scales using the average scores of the data, 3 major factors were extracted. And the scales which have the highest factor-loading in each of these 3 factors were set as 3 typical scales. The first is [good-bad] , the second is [easy to build-difficult to build], and the third is [new-old fashioned]. Next, the phenomena of 76 buildings on 3 typical scales were examined by the factor-analysis method using individual data. Consequently, all 3 analyses showed similar results. According to these results, 6 types of architecture, with consideration given to individual differences, were obtained. And then, an examination of the position of the elements of the 6 types in relation to the 3-dimensional coordinate system derived from the former analysis using average scores clarified that the elements of each type are not uniformly dispersed within the system but are clustered together according to the type.
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YOSHIHISA SAWANOBORI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
75-82
Published: May 30, 1985
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This report is one of the study on the space of Tantric Buddhism. And this report deals with the relation between the space of secret-seremony of Tantric Buddhism and the space of temples in ancient Japan. Continued from part l, this report deals with some other cases of actual aspects of the space of temples in which the equipments of the secret-seremony are set. And lastly some conclusions are described.
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AKIRA NAKANISHI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
83-90
Published: May 30, 1985
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It is essential to study the position of beams put in the bracketing and the increase of the number of steps of the bracketing inside the building, in order to systematically prove the changing process of bracketing complex in the Tap'o-style architecture in Korea. The present paper is to inquire into the evolution of bracketing from above-mentioned points of view. In the old type of bracketing during the period between the late Koryo-Dynasty and the early Yi-Dynasty, the number of steps of the bracketing inside the building is equal to that of the outside (Figs. 1. 2). From the latter half of th,e 15 th century, this type of bracketing changed into a new type : the number of steps of the interior bracketing is more than that of the exterior bracketing. This is due to the position of the beams put in the bracketing. After the second half of the 18 th century, the increase the number of steps of the interior bracketing has no relation to the position of beams (phot. 1). Thus, this type is regarded as one of the characteristics in the Tap'o-style at the en.d of the Yi-Dynasty.
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SEIZO UCHIDA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
91-101
Published: May 30, 1985
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Throughout Taisho and into the beginning of Showa Era, the campaign for housing improvement occupied one of the most important positions in the process of developing modern houses. This paper clarifies the details of the history and the organizational activities of the "Jutaku-kairyo-kai" which played a dominant role in this movement. The outline of this paper is as follows : Pref ace Chap.1 A History of the "Jutaku-kairyo-kai" Chap. 2 The Details of the Organizational Activities of the "Jutaku-kairyo-kai" Chap.3 Transitional Developments in the "Jutaku-kairyo-kai" Conclusion
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HARUHIKO FUJITA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
102-110
Published: May 30, 1985
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HIDETO KAWAKAMI, MITSUYOSHI TSUCHIDA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
111-121
Published: May 30, 1985
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The aim of this paper is to make clear the problem of the period when the Oriage-Tenjo existed, its position in the process of development of the architecture of church and Mr. Tetsukawa's design attitude ・ Mr. Tetsukawa is the only architect-the chief carpenter who adopted the Oriage-Tenjo in the reinforced concrete church in the early period of the Showa era. This paper consists of the following chapters. 1. Introduction 2. The composition and the character of the Oriage-Tenjo 3. Appearance and change of the Oriage-Tenjo A. The 10's of the Meiji era - the Oriage-Tenjo appeared at only the aisle of the church B. From the latter half of the Meiji era to the early Taisho era - the Oriage-Tenjo appeared at the nave C. The latter half of the Taisho era - the peak of the Oriage-Tenjo D. The early period of the Showa era - the Oriage-Tenjo was adopted in the reinforced concrete church 4. The Oriage-Tenjo and Mr. Yosuke TETSUKAWA 5. Conclusion
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
122-124
Published: May 30, 1985
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 351 Pages
124-125
Published: May 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 351 Pages
App3-
Published: May 30, 1985
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 351 Pages
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