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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Published: October 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Toshiki HANYU, Sho KIMURA, Katsuaki SEKIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
1-9
Published: October 30, 1993
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This paper describes the development of a method for detecting individual characteristics of reflected sounds arriving at a sound receiving point in a sound field in a room. The development isbased on the regular tetrahedron peak point method, which we developed, for computing virtualsound sources, in combination with the spherical array microphone system, a method for measuring impulse responses by directions. In this method, we compute the arriving time and direction of each reflected sound by the regular tetrahedron peak point method in order to grasp the individual characteristics of each reflected sound arriving at a sound receiving point, then measure the directional response through spherical array microphon system in the direction of each reflected sound, separating the reflected sound of the extracted object from those of others, and finally separating it by a suitable length of time 'window from the arrival time of each reflected sound, thus extracting the time series characteristics of each individual reflected sound. Further, we give some single plate reflection experiments, verification experiments of extraction accuracy at an actual sound field, and analyses of virtual sound source distribution by frequencies in an actual sound field, thus showing a possibility in which physical characteristics of asound field can be observed in detail including directional information at the initial response.
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Michiko IWATA, Tadasi DOI, Yoshikazu NAKANE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
11-18
Published: October 30, 1993
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For establishment of daylighting design method, the authors disquss about three different ranges of light transraittance directivity of the Light-Diffusing-Fixed Slats Blind caused respectively by direct sunlight, sky light and light reflected from ground surface. The result shows that certain regularities in the respective light transmittance directivities of this Blind can be obtained, and from them some formulas are obtained which are useful for the estimation of both projection and diffusion angle of direct sunlight, and each diffusion angle of sky light and light reflected from ground surface. Therefore, the authors formulate the light transmittance directivity of the Light-Diffusing-Fixed Slats Blind by utilizing the obtained regulations.
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Shizuko MATSUI, Masaya NARASAKi, Toshio YAMANAKA, Toshihiro HIRAISHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
19-25
Published: October 30, 1993
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A questionnaire was conducted on the odor environment in residential houses and the sensitivity of the residents to some specific odors. The following results were obtained to provide basic data for the odor control (in residential houses). The largest number of the respondents answer they take the odor of the cigarette smoking as the worst odor and want to eliminate it first. The second worst is the odor of garbage. To control'the malodor, most of the house wives ventilate the room. Some (of them) use aromatics in toilets or at the entrance. On the whole, women are more sensitive to odors than men, and young women (in their twenties) are the most sensitive.
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Hisahiro ITO, Nobuo NAKAHARA, Nobuo MIYAI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
27-35
Published: October 30, 1993
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Space air temperature profile when cooled air was discharged from floor-mounted outlet was quantified through a number of experiments in a full-scale test chamber. Nozzle-type outlet was discussed as the first trial in the present paper. Space air temperature distribution was measured under steady-state in detail. The vertical temperature gradient of the room could be related to the throw of the cold air jet. Thus, uniform temperature distribution was formed in the region of approximately a half height of the throw. A simplified calculation model of the vertical temperature profile was also developed. It was suggested that, room space was divided into the completely mixing region and the piston flow region. The depth of the former zone was identified based on experimental results.
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Yasuo KOSHIKAWA, Saburo MURAKAWA, Masaru NISHIDA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
37-45
Published: October 30, 1993
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This paper develops the efficiency of rainwater usage system in detached dwelling by carrying out the numerical simulation with hourly water consumption and hourly rainfall in Fukuoka city, with considering water usage and human life cycle. From there, we indicate the beneficial efficiency of small rainwater usage system with showing the three rainwater usage efficiency indexes and one flood control index, the reduction number. Moreover, considering the relations among the four indexes, we show the rate of effective usage and the reduction number having the same content and the difference between the rate of alternation and the yield of cistern.,
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Tetsuzo MORITA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
47-54
Published: October 30, 1993
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This study reports on experiments aiming at prediction of shielding effectiveness of a square opening. A square opening was made in the center of a sheetof .electrolytic copper leaf,and shielding effectiveness was measured while varying the length of each side of the opening.The results indicate that shielding effectiveness is described by a logarithmic function of the length of the sides. A further experiment elucidated the shielding effectiveness when an opening is made at any location fora transmitting/receiving antenna. The relationship between shielding effectiveness and the distance fromopening center to antenna center was clarified.
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Tomoko SAWADA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
55-64
Published: October 30, 1993
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This part is to choose characteristics of furnishing patterns in relation to trends in Floor-vs. Chair-Seating Styles. Of the floor seating trends, two thirds of public space are occupied by floor type furnishing. Of the floor and chair seating trends, a half of the space is occupied by floor type furnishing. Of the chair seating trends, three forths of the space are occupied by chair type furnishing. From these results, it is possible to say that the Floor-.vs. Chiar-Seating styles difinition is useful to analyze the public space use.
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Kazuyoshi YASHIKI, Hirokuni TANIGUCHI, Katsumi YAMAGUCHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
65-74
Published: October 30, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the present situation and problems concerning .complex types of schools and communities owned one building. Based upon the main findings, it is pointed out that complex of a school and welfare facility for elderly people .is increasing and that such multi-functioned buildings tend to be designed with the intention of architectural unity. Moreover, as a result of analyzing processes of complex, we would conclude that school buildings can be changed into complex facilities on the occasion of reconstruction and that difficulty in acquiring sites for hew community facilities is one of the primary factors of complex.
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Yasushi NAGASAWA, Takeshi SUZUKI, Tetsuro YAMASHITA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
75-84
Published: October 30, 1993
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The hospital geography is defined as the study introducing geographical approach to architectural planning. In this paper, discussion is focused on out-patient department of general hospitals based on the information collected by several surveys, method of which is mainly Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE). As the result, existence of the 'gap' between patients' expectation and actual facility/operational system is extensively recognized, and we realized the importance of providing architectural environment which facilitates the provision of 'uncontrolled information' which each patient gets by himself besides 'controlled information' which is given officially by hospital administrative bodies.
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Atsushi FUJIWARA, Nobuhiro MATSUMOTO, Kiyoshi KAWASAKI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
85-94
Published: October 30, 1993
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In this paper, the consensus-making process in architectural design is examined through the example of the Fukui Pref. Univ. design project. The relationship between information and repre: sentation is analized, as well as the method with which the designer makes a consensus with members involved in the project. The results are as follows ; as the design proceeds, the concretization level of the representation changes in accordance with that of information which the designer deals with, and the information given at the begining consists of various concretization levels. The problem-solving method for consensus-making changes from problem-finding to problem-solving as the design proceeds.
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Tooru HORIE, Masahiro CHATANI, Koji YAGI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
95-103
Published: October 30, 1993
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The purpose of this research is to clarify the process of transformation in framing of the traditional timber houses in the area of Rokuseicho, Ishikawa prefecture. This paper deals with correlation between main frame and roof frame, through the typological analysis of load transfer from roof section to main frame. In case of Sasugumi, roof load was mostly transferred to outside frame either directly on outside girders or indirectly through beams called "Sashimono". In case of changing roof frame or building new frame, the balanced composition with roof posts distributes roof load evenly to various part of main frame.
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Kenji NISHITANI, Hitoshi WATANABE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
105-113
Published: October 30, 1993
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There is a need for a new method of scientific estimating the number of persons in a crowd, because the previous estimating often depended upon experience and perception therefore the concrete planning was much influenced. Such methods are based on two kinds of viewpoints ; one static and another dynamic. In this paper a new static method is proposed in which the number is estimated through viewing the crowd as form of clusters covered by boxes of several degrees of scales. First of all, the theory and its characteristic are explained. Secondly, the details and the process of the. method is arranged, after testing two clustered forms as an imitation crowd. After all, this method is applied to a binary converted photograph. In conclusion, the merits and demerits of this method have been realized.
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Harumi TOKIOKA, Hiroshi MIMURA, Mamoru TOHIGUCHI, Bon LIM, Hyo-Jin YOO ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
115-123
Published: October 30, 1993
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In order to consider the successions of small businesses in the historical and central area, the authors investigated the business and living styles of Kyo-Shinise's managers. Kyo-Shinise is business which have been existing over 100 years in the historical and central area in Kyoto city. Main results are following; 1) Most of Kyo-Shinise have been succeeded by the family members. 2) More than half of managers occupy their dwelling houses combined with business uses. 3) The patterns of succession of Kyo-Shinise can be classified into 6 categories. 4) Three factors are found for changing of the pattern of succession of Kyo-Shinise.
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Ki SEO, Hiroshi DOHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
125-132
Published: October 30, 1993
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This research, concerns the relationship between city and campus. The objects for analysis are 89 Japanese campuses, 76 korean campuses, and the city in whcih each campus is located. There are a total of 24 analytical indexes.: 3 indicate urban'traits, 5 indicate campus traits, 7 indicate the" relationship between city and campus, and 9 indicate the relationship between campus and related zone. The data was created based on detailed examination about these selected indexes. Through the factor analysis which use these 24 indexes as their variables, five extremely similar factors were found both in Japan and Korea. Above all, it was ascertained that "the level of maturity of the related zone" ( = the 1st factor) and "the degree of openness for the campus ( = the 2nd factor)" are two major conditions that decide the spatial relationship between campus and city.
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Tsuyoshi SETOGUCHI, Shigeru SATO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
133-142
Published: October 30, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to classify residents' demands for the renewal program of housing estates, built by Japan Housing Corporation in the late 1950 s. The study showed that residents' demands for renewal program are classified into five groups, 1) rebuilding all of dwelling units of the housing estate, 2) rebuilding the housing estate in several stages, 3) something to be renewal in the dwelling units, 4) enlargement of the dwelling units, 5) repairing the dwelling units only, And analyzed the characteristics of these five groups. We pointed out the relation of these characteristics to residents' lifestage and their income.
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Naomi ANDO, Masahiro CHATANI, Koji YAGI, Masayuki YONENO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
143-154
Published: October 30, 1993
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To advance the form description, the model with dual objectives, one for analysis and one for. expression of Streets approaching to the Plazas is constructed by using Plane Voxel Model. As it is thought that the principal component analysis, a type of multivariate analysis, is effective to interpret the image of the environment which cannot be explain by a single standard. 25 form data, including the approaching perspectives, thought to show the form characteristic of Streets around Plazas are culculated. And 6 types of 35 streets, characterized by 7 principal components, were identified. Through these discussions and-analysis, the method of using Plane Voxel Model is examined and the characteristics of the form of Streets around Plazas were clarified.
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Hiroshi ZAINO, Shigeki NAMBU
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
155-163
Published: October 30, 1993
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The Purpose of this study is to investigate the amenity evaluation of different open-space disposition patterns from utilization behavors in open-space and space for common use at reorganized built-up area. The study has two analysises. The first is to ascertain the amenity evaluation of different open-space disposition patterns, using the behavor density and the rate of utilization behaviors based on amenity activity. The second is to determine the direction of amenity evaluation, using the rate of utilization behaviors in relation to indoor's space and outdoor's open-space.
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Yukio NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
165-176
Published: October 30, 1993
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The third stage of historic preservation in the USA (late 1960's〜early 1980's) is distinguished by the National Register of Historic Places introduced by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Restriction of districts registered in the National Register is relatively weak, whereas historic districts designated by local ordinances or state laws are under stricter control of historic district commissions. The other feature of this period is the introduction of tax credit program in both property tax and income tax. Although these tax breaks have promoted extensive restoration and preservation of private buildings, it may be resulted in "incentive driven" historic preservation.
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Yukio NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
177-186
Published: October 30, 1993
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Preservation of historic sites and monuments in Japan dates.back to late 1890' s, when the industrial revolution set off and regional developments began to demolish local landscape and historic sites throughout the country. First occurred as local movements, preservation of historic sites and monuments became patriotic, and later imperialistic influenced by the nationalism particularly after the introduction of the Historic Sites, Landscape and Natural Monuments Protection Act 1919. Historic sites related to the Emperors are put the first priority by the 1919 act until the end of the Second World War.
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Yasuhiko NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
187-196
Published: October 30, 1993
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Okada Tokitaro (1859〜1926) was one of Japanese colonial architects, in 1886 with whom famous architect Tatsuno Kingo established the first one of architectural offices in Japan. In the Russo-Japanese war Okada moved into Dalny, and in 1906 extending his building activities, opened Okada-komusho (architect and contractor) in Dalny. This paper introduces his building activities and shows them linked up with Japanese ruling over the Northeastern Province of China "Manchuria".
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Yasunobu TANIGAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
197-202
Published: October 30, 1993
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This paper analyze the design methods of drawings of the mullion and the transverse arch by Lorenz Lechler. He was the late gothic "Baumeister" in Heidelberg and wrote the book called "Unterweisung". He instructed to design those drawings of templates of two sizes of "alt" (old, large) and "jung" (young, small) as in the ratio 7 : 5. The result shows it described by the following means : (1) Two scales in the ratio 7 : 10 in each unit. (2) The scheme consisted three inscribed squares that has the sides as in the ratio 10 : 7 : 5.
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Masao NOGUCHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
203-211
Published: October 30, 1993
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In this thesis, the oldest block called Castellaccia in the center of the historical district of Peccioli, small medieval city in Tuscany, is analyzed through the historical documents "cadastre(1834)" in order to clarify the immovable property system of .the block in 1834. Not only the relation of family make-up and their properties, but the arrangement and its boundary of properties are 'analyzed to define the property system, especially the relationship between the physical aspect;building unit and the socio-economic aspect;boundary of property.
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Miyuki YASUMATSU
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 452 Pages
213-221
Published: October 30, 1993
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Many critics have already pointed out baroque characteristics inherent in the buildings of Otto Wagner. Based on this, in this article, L tried to explore his view, about baroque architecture, considering its relations with the evaluation by Vienna art-historians and neo-baroque architecture. I drew Wagner's view about baroque architecture from his 'book "Modern Architecture". Then, the connection between Wagner and art-historians at his time, A. Ilg and A. Riegl, over baroque architecture was studied. Further, through examined Wagner's writings, I discussed his opinion about the regional characteristics and the relations to baroque.
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 452 Pages
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