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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1987
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1987
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1987
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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TADAHISA KATAYAMA, SHIGERU GOTOH
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
1-8
Published: January 30, 1987
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Wind tunnel experiments concerned with the air flow around a model building are conducted. The hot-wire anemometer is made for trial which has little directivity of standard deviation of turbulence in plane at right angles to hot-wire and its characteristics are tested. The distributions of air flow speed and turbulent structures around a model are measured using the hand-made hot-wire in relation to the roughness parameter Z_0 of approaching flow. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) On the distributions of air flow speed around a model building ; increased ratio of standard deviation of turbulence [numerical formula] equals to about 2.2〜3.0 and is larger than that of mean speed U_M/U_S. The area of increased [numerical formula] decreases as roughness parameter Z_0 becomes larger. (2) On the turbulent structure of air flow around a model building ; peak frequency of power spectra moves to lower frequency range as Z_0 becomes larger. Distribution of probability density can be fitted with normal distribution considerably well in the area of increased mean speed.
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SUSUMU YOSHIZAWA, FUMIKO SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
9-17
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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It is very important to determine the size distribution of airborne microbiological particles for the purpose of engineering control of indoor air contamination. Most of the sampling apparatus of airborne microbiological particles collect them aerodynamically, and consequently the sizes obtained differ from the morphologically measured ones which are generally understood as sizes in the field of microbiology. This report is to clarify those relations between aerodynamical and morphological diameters, using Cladosporium spores of which size distribution has been known to have log-distribution with peaks around 3.5 μm through the field measurements thus far. From microscopical measurements using Porton graticule, these spores float on the air as single particles and also agglomeration of tens of spores of which maximum had 44 spores which was collected on Stage #1. The result of microscopic measurement gave the log-normal distribution with a peak at 8.9 μm which is much larger compared with aerodynamic diameter of 3.5 μm. In the same way, the histograms of each stage coincide rather well. The distribution of number of spores of each agglomerate also form a log-normal distribution cuve with median around 6-7 μm. Apparent density of spore agglomerates were obtained ; 0.13 g/m^3 for particles on Andersen sampler Stage #1, 0.41 for Stage #6. Comparison of destribution curves of actually collected particles with the theoretical ones calculated from Ranz and Wong theory and the above mentioned density was not necessarily successful and remained for further study.
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FUSAO HASEGAWA, HIROSHI YOSHINO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
18-26
Published: January 30, 1987
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The investigations on indoor temperature in various types of houses in Tohoku District have been continued since 1978. In this paper, the results of all investigated houses measured by the common method are totally analysed. The number of investigated houses is 139 units. These houses are devided into six types. The main results of this study are as follows : (1) The living room is only heated in almost all houses. The room temperature of 1.1 meter above the floor is 15 to 25℃ when the outdoor temperature is 0℃. (2) The vertical temperature gradient in the living room is so high. The ratio of vertical temperature difference to the indoor-outdoor temperature difference is 1/5 to 1/2 for all houses except the houses with a floor heating system. The ratio for the house with a floor heating system is near zero. (3) The temperature difference between the heated living room and the other unheated rooms is considerably high. The ratio of the difference to the indoor-outdoor temperature difference is scattered in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 in the main bedroom and in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 in the corridor and lavatory. (4) The lowest living room temperature early in the morning based on the outdoor temperature is 3 to 20℃. That of highly insulated houses is high. (5) The characteristics of temperature fluctuation of highly insulated houses with a floor heating system is so different from other houses. The indoor thermal environmnet is very good because the vertical temperature difference is low and the room temperature in the early morning is maintained to be high. Lastly, the indices of indoor thermal environment were devided into five ranks on the base of this investigation.
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YOSHIMI URANO, TOSHIYUKI WATANABE, TETSUO HAYASHI, AKIHIKO UCHIYAMA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
27-37
Published: January 30, 1987
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Many kinds of passive cooling devices can be found in Japanese traditional vernacular houses. They are available for us to get good ideas on the research and development of new passive cooling systems applied to the modern houses. This paper shows the results of field survey and simulation on thermal environments of the traditional vernacular houses in Northern Kyushu in order to make clear the relations between building elements and thermal environments. The results are concluded as follows. 1) It is effective to make use of convective, radiative and evaporative heat exchange at the indoor ground surface. 2) By combining gable vents of the attic with relief vents under the floor, the stack ventilation systems enhance discharge of hot air from the attic and inflow of cool air from outdoor. 3) When the envelopes and partitions with large heat capacity are cooled by night ventilation, they can be used as valuable cooling sources in the daytime. 4) It is important to keep roof insulation, exterior wall openings and solar shading devices. The spaces over the ceiling and under the floor function as thermal controling or heat absorbing ones of the dwelling rooms against outside weather conditions.
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SHUJI FUJII, KAZUUO IWASE, YOUNG KWANG KIM, ICHIYA HAYAKAWA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
38-43
Published: January 30, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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As to the design of clean rooms, theoretical approaches and analyses were not sufficiently developed and the U. S. A. Federal Standard 209 B was generally applied. At present, the equation of homogeneous momentary diffusion is used for calculations. There is a problem, however not only in reducing particulate concentration in clean room but also in decreasing the number of particles reaching the objective as well as their adhesion ratio. Particulate behavior in clean rooms is considered at three scales, which are : (1) macro analysis of the whole clean room (2) analysis of particulate behavior near the objective (3) analysis of particulate adhesion mechanisms. From the viewpoint of above-mentioned items (2) and (3), it is very important to make direct micro-measurement of particulate bahavior near the objective and adhesion to it without field disturbance. In this paper, a remote detection system of particles in clean rooms is described, Particulate scattered light of a He-Ne laser is remotely detected by using an optical system, a video system and an image processing system. Furthermore, by using the system, particulate behavior near the objective and adhesion are evaluated. These results are considered to be useful for the development of design methods for unidirectional airflow type clean rooms.
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HIDEKI SHIMIZU, TORU FUKUI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
44-55
Published: January 30, 1987
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Rich context of "meaning" in central districts was studied by analysing the structure of elements recalled by interviewee under given 28 adjectives. The cluster analysis was applied both to these adjectives and recalled elements. 6-7 clusters of elements in each district were compared in terms of semantic structure by observing semantic factors attached to each cluster. Their spatial distribution pattern of clusters which are shown as networks between clusterised elements were supposed to show semantic sub-areas.
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YASUHIRO SAKURAI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
56-67
Published: January 30, 1987
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This paper aimes to classify the development process of group formation in leisure life and to clear the structure of demand for assembly facilities from the viewpoint of connection with above-mentioned development process. The conclusions are as follow ; 1) The development process of group formation at public assembly facilities which is open to the whole city relatively shows 'core shift pattern'. 2) The development process of group formation at private assembly facilities which is open to the whole city relatively shows 'core keep pattern'. 3) The one who takes parts in private group formation shows different pattern of demand from the one who takes parts in public group formation especialy in aspect of facility management, facility scale, and 'facility speciality or collectivility'.
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KIYOKO NAKAJIMA, HIROKO ICHIMUNE, FUMIKO OKITA, TOSHIO SHIOTANI, HIROO ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
68-80
Published: January 30, 1987
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The purpose of this study is to found the relation between the effective factors including a view of home life and amount of possession of the household articlees in the house, and the accumulated explanation ratios for amount of possession of the household articles by multivariate analysis. In this paper, we have investigated 772 families for 513 kinds of the household articles. The following results were obtaind. 1) It is found that amount of possession of household articles are controled by each condition (a view of home life, condition of family, condition of a sotial stratum and the condition of house) of the dwellers, and the factors which have influence upon amount of household articles differ with kinds of household articles. 2) Using the method of Hayasi quantication theory 1 analysis, we have obtained the accumulated explanatory ratios about 50 % for amount of possession of each kinds of the household articles. 3) According to our investigation, it has been definitely shown that a view of home life can be expected index for analyzing amount of possession of household articles.
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HIROSHI SUZUKI, SHINGO TAMAKI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
81-94
Published: January 30, 1987
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The first purpose of this report is to classify the housing improvement behaviors through the residential mobility. The second purpose is to examine the social characteristics and locational conditions of households by types of the housing improvement behaviors. The third purpose is to analyse the various factors which are concerned with methods of housing improvement behaviors, by using Path Analysis. Conclusions are as follows, The housing improvement behaviors are classified into eight types, and each type is prescribed by the housing tenure, the housing demand and the housing improvement behaviors. Each type has its own characteristics in points of social and household characteristics, and locational conditions. And determinants of housing improvement behaviors are different among the improvement steps, and are different between the analysis on the desire for housing improvement and the analysis on the result of housing improvement action by the improvement steps.
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YOSHIKO NISHIJIMA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
95-103
Published: January 30, 1987
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It is the purpose of this study to analyze the housing consciousness of the resident in regard to improvement of rented houses owned by the local government. The results are as follows : 1) There is much difference between rebuilding and enlargement of the house in regard to household characteristics. 2) The quality of demand for rebuilt rented houses owned by the local government includes both new owner-demand and replacement-demand. 3) The residents of improved rented houses owned by the local government feel paying their monthly rent to be a burden. But in the case of enlarged houses, residents highly appraised of improved houses, and the monthly rent, because it is local government policy to keep rents inexpensive.
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MITSUO WATANABE
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
104-111
Published: January 30, 1987
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The area occupied by furniture in the household has increased in recent years. Both in the first (part 1) and the second paper (part 2), my discussion has been based upon the statistical data. On the tendency, the present research (part 3) dealt with the data derived from the investigation on actual conditions in the houshold, comparing them with the former results. On the whole, the results well agreed with those expected. As a byproduct of the investigation performed, the wall area occupied by furniture turned out to be 2.86 times as much as the floor area occupied furniture.
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HIROYASU FUJIOKA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
112-118
Published: January 30, 1987
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Le Corbusier came to Japanese architects' knowledge in about 1923 through his project of Contemporary city for three million inhabitants and his book, "Toward an Architecture". Japanese architects soon noticed his works and theories and in 1929 their admiration of him reached its peak. One of the reasons why he was so admired by them is that he seemed to be an ideal architect who could advocate and practice radical rationalism beautifully. This shows how the Japanese architects who had searched a new architecture made much of practicing rationalism. Another reason can be counted ; his works and drawings were easy to accept for Japanese architects because they could find similar aspects to Japanese traditional architecture or paintings. The years of criticism soon followed right after the enthusiastic admiration. Although Le Corbusier had kept high reputation in general, some architects who had fully admired him began to criticize him pointing out the discordance between his works and theories. This also shows their devotion to rationalism. Between 1935 and 1945 Le Corbusier had been an idol of some Japanese architects. But their way of admiration was a little different from that in the late 1920s ; they admired Le Corbusier as a prominent form giver. This might reflect the giving way of the rigid rationalism of the 1920s which demanded exact conformity to the purpose of the building and accordance of shape and theory.
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TAKESHI ITO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
119-125
Published: January 30, 1987
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the physical, socio-economic and political nature of Tenma Honganji Jinaimachi (Temple Town), which existed for a short time (1585-1591) in the Tenma district of Osaka. The study is divided into 3 phases and constitutes an investigation of the importance of this town in its geographical and historical setting. This article (the first part of the study) concentrates on a discussion of physical aspects of Tenma Jinaimachi its location, scale and the formation of the urban blocks.
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KENJI SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 371 Pages
126-135
Published: January 30, 1987
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This study analyses the planning of the main building and the room composition of the upper-ranked Hatamoto houses of the late Edo period through a review of a drawing of Hatamoto Ikeda's house. The strict order in the feudal society and the established formality of the ranks can be recognized not only in the overall layout but also in the room configuration and the interior decoration.
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 371 Pages
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