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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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Article type: Index
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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Norihisa HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
1-10
Published: October 30, 1991
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The theory in this study is based on Morse's famous treatise "Sound waves in rooms", and it is investigated by'numerical calculation method that this theory is applicable to the calculation of a sound field generated from vibrations of a wall which composes a room of rectangular parallelepiped ; that is, the calculation of structure borne sound of floor slab. The accuracy'of this method is confirmed by the experiments concerning a piston vibration and a transient vibration of the wall.
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Kyoji FUJIWARA, Kiyoshi MASUDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
11-19
Published: October 30, 1991
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This study presents the reflection characteristics of different wall types whose surfaces are periodically and symmetrically corrugated in one direction. So far on the simulation of sound field in a hall, the reflection from the wall with complicate surface has been considered to be perfectly diffuse or a mixture of partially diffuse and partially specular. The results studied following these idea is hardly used in practice. And recently many researchers in architectural acoustics have reported that the lateral sound reflections to the listening point is very important for getting better hall acoustics. From these facts, it is very meaningful to explain the relationship between reflection characteristics and the structure of the wall. In this study many different shapes of wall cross-sections, let say, rectangular waves, repetition of arcs, sine waves, trianguler waves and Schroeder's quadratic residue sequences, were examined and the results of reflection characteristics were illustrated. As the results, it is found that the repetition of arcs has very nice reflection characteristics as a diffuser contrary to the expectation of the reflection characteristics of Schroeder's diffuser.
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Morimasa ITAMOTO, Hiroyoshi SHIOKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
21-27
Published: October 30, 1991
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For evaluating generated noise by air flow at straight glass fiber'ducts, twelve kinds of straight ducts are studied. Pressure drop, sound attenuation and sound insulation charac.teristics of side wall of straight ducts are described. Experimental and calculated method to evaluate generated noise by air flow at straight glass fi- ber ducts are discussed.
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Hiromichi ICHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
29-36
Published: October 30, 1991
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In this paper the author shows the details of several problems related to the average sky factor of street in an urban space. These problems are as follows. (1) The regression equation for the average sky factor. (2) The relation between the average sky factor and the site area, or the road ratio. (3) The existence of the maximum average sky factor. (4) The comparative study of the street of which the building coverage ratio is 100 % and the street in which the buildings on either side will be assumed to be built in blocks of uniform height, extending continuously in both directions.
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Masato SATO, Masao INUI, Yoshiki NAKAMURA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
37-45
Published: October 30, 1991
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This study examines the effects of types of work and visual environment on human psychology and behavior in office spaces in terms of subjective appraisal, work performance, behavior patterns, etc. A series of factorial experiments was carried out in order to make the effects of visual environment clear. The results are summarized below. 1) Significant effects of window and interior decoration on workers were verified. 2) The presence of a window and interior decoration improved work performance for the major types of performance test. 3) The presence of a window and interior decoration makes subjects' behavior active.
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Go IWASHITA, Ken-ichi KIMURA, Susumu YOSHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
47-58
Published: October 30, 1991
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The purpose of this study is to present a method to assess the distribution of perceived air pollution in a room using trained panel with reference gas of acetone. Fifty-one subjects were trained to judge perceived air quality in decipol proposed by Fanger, and sixteen judges selected among them reported the indoor air quality of tobacco smoke from smokers at three measuring points in a small chamber. Age-of-air was calculated from the history of tracer gas concentration in order to assess ventilation efficiency at points of interest in a room.
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Tatsuo OKA, Yoshio KATO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
59-66
Published: October 30, 1991
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Energy consumption in various factories appropriate to employing co-generation system, was surveyed through questionnaires. Those factories have been selected for the survey in which comparatively low pressure steam was used and plenty of steam was consumed comparing to electricity. Annual operation hours of factories and parameters to predict the full load equivalent operating hours are shown. Annual and Daily load profile of steam and electricity consumption, annual load curves of steam and electricity consumption were shown.
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Tadahiro TSUCHIKAWA, Tetsumi HORIKOSHI, Emi KONDO, Yoshihito KURAZUMI, ...
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
67-75
Published: October 30, 1991
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The effective radiation area factors for a female subject are obtained ; i. e. 0. 77 for UNCLOTHED-STANDING, 0.89 for CLOTHED-STANDING, 0.71 for UNCLOTHED- SEDENTARY and 0. 78 for CLOTHED-SEDENTARY. Configuration factors between a female subject and rectangular planes are obtained. The effective radiation areas of surface-parts of a nude-standing male subject are obtained ; i. e. 12 % for HEAD, 42% for BODY, 17% for ARMS and 33 % for LEGS where the subject's total body surface area is 1.80m^2 and the effective radiation area is 1.44m2. Configuration factors be- tween each of surface-parts and rectangular planes are proposed.
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Tsunehiro MANABE, Junko TSUNETOU
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
77-84
Published: October 30, 1991
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The aim of this study is to indicate systematic classification procedures of control methods by building users, based on "principle". The process of this study is as follows ! We extracted "principles of building users" from four typical types of building users' role. We also extracted "governing principles" by analysis of phenomena which occur at buildings. Based on these "governing principles" and "principles of building users", controle methods by building users are classified systematically. As a-result of this study, we could comprehend the whole aspect of hu- man being in the study of building construction design.
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kunio FUNAHASHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
85-92
Published: October 30, 1991
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A questionnaire survey about residents' path choice and experiments on wayfinding performance of the first-time visitors in residential areas organized by rectangular grid streets have been executed. Two types of path choice behavior, i.e., "boundary walking" and "zigzag walking", and also characteristics and situation of each walking type are identified. These results are discussed with respect to the Garbrecht's model of random walking and random paths.
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Satoshi MATSUSHITA, Shigeyuki OKAZAKI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
93-100
Published: October 30, 1991
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Wayfinding behavior was explored by experiments using four plans of mazes. Judging from the observed behavior patterns and reasons of choosing paths, four characteristics of wayfinding behavior were derived : memory of paths, strategy of choosing paths, tendency to keep proceeding or to turn round, and tendency to go straight or to turn frequently. Strategy of choosing paths changes according to the change of situations : meeting dead ends, returning to the passed places, proceeding to the reverse direction of the destination, and no clear change of situations.
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Akikazu KATO, Makoto YANAGISAWA, Gen TANIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
101-116
Published: October 30, 1991
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With the globalization the opportunities are increasing for the Japanese architects to plan and . design hospital architecture in overseas developing areas. Especially in South and Southeast Asia, those projects under the Japanese governmental cooperations add to a considerable number. World Health Organization (WHO) has published various guidelines and sponsored a number of symposiums and workshops. In this study actual cases are collected and analyzed to'provide for the fundamental issues of space programming and plan-type applications for the future decision- making process in the international team including the Japanese architects.
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Hiroyuki TAKAI, Mitsuo TAKADA, Kazuo TATSUMI, Mamoru TOHIGUCHI, Jaerak ...
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
117-123
Published: October 30, 1991
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Highrise living is the most typical style in Hong Kong. Learning their actual condition on living shuold be valiable for us. As methods of study, we visited some housing estates and made some interviews to university and public/private housing developers to get information on the actual state, and visited 13 resi-dents to know their way of life and consciousness on living. The apartments are well-designed and some good ideas are made to overcome the high density of population and get confort in their climit. Although many people have little choice on living, they are satisfied with it.
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Shin-ichi OKUYAMA, Kazunari SAKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
125-135
Published: October 30, 1991
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The aim of this report is to illustrate what contemporary Japanese architects think of housing through study of their published articles. It is the author's opinion that to design houses for architects is not only supply a dwelling but also make concrete their most important feelings about architecture in general, and architects ex- press their thoughts of architecture through not only designing actual buildings (material practice) but also through written theories (language practice). In this report the authors agree that the architectural journal is the most active field of inter- course for architectural expression. Housing theories in "SHIN-KENCHIKU" published after World War II have been compiled as data, "SHIN-KENCHIKU" is one of the most popular architectural journals in Japan. At first, the contents of each theory was investigated, and next some comments such as the phrase "housing is a vessel of life" or "housing is a model of architecture" were extracted from each theory. Then the meaning of those thoughts on housing were analyzed through the method originated by Kawakita Jiro.
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Yasushi KASAJIMA, Shoji IMAI, Soichiro MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
137-145
Published: October 30, 1991
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This paper aimes to propose a zone of dwelling units and make research on the relation between the zone and the time for children's separation or isolation. The area of both LDK and bedrooms linking with LDK is defined as Open zone. The area not linking with LDK is defined as Closed zone. The questionnair on 764 samples in 17 planning types, 3LDK and 4LDK, shows results as follows. Parents' bedroom is in most cases in Open zone through life stages. Children's bedroom is in Open zone at the early life stage, and in Closed zone at late life stage. After isolation, children's bedroom is generally in Closed zone, but this tendency declines according to the number of bedrooms in closed area, children's sex and so on, they cope with it by using each zone properly.
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Kotoko YAMASAKI, Reiko MACHIDA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
147-156
Published: October 30, 1991
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This paper analyzed the parents ideas and expectations concerning the factors involved in determining the course of education. Results : Todays, the interests of parents on housing life can grouped into eight categories. The . interests of housing life appear at each stage of housing demand. According to where the parents put the emphasis, policies of housing education can be typified 5-type. The interests of housing life and policies of housing education both show high correlation between the type of housing, the age of the housing facility, the current living conditions. A high degree of correlation was in the between their'categories.
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Hiroshi AIKAWA
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
157-164
Published: October 30, 1991
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A research on the character of Alberti's theory, compared with the books of Vitruvius, shows that he presented many canons of order, technical knowledge and art. On the other side he in-sisted on the norm of design namely concinnitas. Comparing his own architectural works, I have found that Alberti considered varieties of decorations and concepts of works as important matters. To unify the varieties of decorations into a whole he recognized a kind of rank in outlines of parts i lineamentum. And to have a new concept he desired the reasonable validity.
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Shizuo MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1991 Volume 428 Pages
165-172
Published: October 30, 1991
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This paper treats of the compositional theory of Francesco di Giorgio's central axis plan church. He finds a perfect form in a circle as well as in a reguler square, and relates his observation with a human body. He develops his theory geometically, depending on the Vitruvius's theory. According to his theory, plans and facades can be composed with a commensurable module derived from a geometrical method. In general, a church volume is decided by a diameter of a circle, and detailed proportions are decided by a supposed column proportion derived from a human body (male, female, maiden).
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 428 Pages
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