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Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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Published: November 30, 1989
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Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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Article type: Index
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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HIROKAZU FUKUSHIMA, MASAHITO YASUOKA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
1-9
Published: November 30, 1989
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In this paper, taking phase in consideration, we discussed the characteristics of floor impact sound of low frequency (lower than 63 Hz band) and the calculation of its frequncy response function. We studied the characteristics by experimental modal analysis with a scale mode1 (S1:16). We have obtained the following results; (1) The sound pressure mode of the floor impact sound is determined by floor vibrathon mode and acousitic mode of lower sound field. However, the mode with lower damping ratio has large influence. (2) As for the sound radiation of a floor with fairly high mechanical impedance, the movement of the floor can be modeled as follows, -The floor is divided into smaller grids compared to the wave length of bending wave. -Each grid move in the direction vertical to the floor. -the amplitude and the phase of each grid are represented by those of the bending wave at the center of the grid. On the basis of these results, we suggested a method of practical calculation for frequncy response function of floor impact sound, and examined its accuracy.
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KEI ANDOW
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
11-17
Published: November 30, 1989
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In the previous paper, we report the high-frequency vibration characteristics of reinforced concrete floor plates for the purpose of the analysis of the propagation and radiation of solid-borne sound in buildings. In this report, the author propose a method of predict both the driving point and transfer mobility of the anisotropic floor plate from modal parameters which are calculated by Eigen-value analysis. Results obtained by this analytical method are compared with measured values and discussed. The author selected the anisotropic floor plates as deck-plate and keystone-plate to be the subject of the investigation. The points discussed in the report include the following: 1) Estimation of anisotropic floor plate 2) Confirmation of boundary conditions using the experimental modal analysis 3) Use of the value 1 % obtained from experimental modal analysis as the damping coefficient of deck-plate and keystone-plate. 4) Method in the case of having no fixed points inside the analyzed area Additioning to the predict method of the reinforced concrete floor plate, on the basis of the above, the mobility of anisotropic floor structures as deck-plate and keystone-plate, including high-frequency vibration properties, can be predicted. If the exact vibration force is available, the method predicted is highly accurate. Accordingly, this method is useful for the dynamic analysis of floor elates.
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HIROSHI AKASAKA, SOUICHIROU KUROKI, YOSHINORI INAMURA, HIDEYO NIMIYA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
19-28
Published: November 30, 1989
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Circumsolar radiation is the diffuse solar radiation from the ring shaped area of the sky around the sun. When global solar radiation is separated into direct and diffuse component, it is usually included in the direct solar radiation. However, the amount and the angular distribution of the component have not been clarified. In this study, global solar radiation I_<TH>, direct solar radiation I_<DV>(θ_0), and diffuse solar radiation I_<dH>(θ) occluding the direct and diffuse solar radiation up to the angular distance θ from the center of the sun, were measured at a ground based station for various seasons, weather conditions, and solar altitudes h. for three θ ( = 8°,16°,32°). The instruments used were Eppley pyranometer, EKO pyrheliometer with opening half angle θ_0 (=4°), and the combined device of Eppley pyranometer and a sun shading disc attached to an automatic sun tracker. From these observations, circumsolar component S_<DH>(θ) on a horizontal plane was calculated by the following formula : S_<DH>(θ) = I_<TH> - I<dH>(θ) - I_<DV>(θ_0)sin(h). The estimation formulas for I_<dH>(θ_0) and S_<DH>(θ) as functions of θ, h, and atmospheric permiability P,as well as a relationship between I_<dH>(θ_0) and S_<DH>(θ) were developed.
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MASATO SATO, MASAO INUI, YOSHIKI NAKAMURA, CHIEMI TANAKA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
29-37
Published: November 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to objectively evaluate the characteristics of various types of visual environmental factors, their roles, their psychological effects by subjective appraisal, eye movement, and work performance. The visual environmental factors used in this experiments were window, illuminance level, potted plant, picture, and video. Subjective appraisal was clearly affected by visual environmental factors. Potted plants created feelings of comfort and friendliness and helped them resist fatigue or recover from fatigue. Illuminance level did not seem to create much of an impression or have much effect on the feelings. The characteristics and roles of visual environmental factors were clarified by human eye movement. Subjects did not look at the window or the painting frequently, but their presence was a source of satisfaction. Subjects' eye often rested upon potted plants. Looking at the potted plants was a means of relieving eye strain. On the other hand, video was looked at frequently, but this had the effect of eve-strain. Illuminance level seemed to have had very little effect on eye movements. Work performance was clearly affected by visual environmental factors. When the response of the subjective appraisal was good, work performance improved. Thus, improving the visual environmental factors can be thought of as a source of motivation for better work performance.
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HIROO TARUMI, SHUJI FUJII
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
39-46
Published: November 30, 1989
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The Landsat satellite is one of the image data aquisition system for remote sensing purposes and has become the benchmark against other satellites. Thematic Mapper acquires data of 7 spectral bands and pixel size is 28.5 m×28.5 m at Tokyo. In order to analyze the Landsat Thematic Mapper Image in urban areas, it becomes important to discuss the conditions of mixels. Therefore, the authors made field investigation to obtain a ground-truth data concerned with and cover around the Imperial Palace. In the next place, the maximum likelihood classification method was applied to the Landsat thematic mapper image. Through the comparison of both information between obtained land cover mesh data (9.5 m×9.5 m) and classified image data (28.5 m×28.5 m), the conditions of mixels included in each category were analyzed. The following items become clarified. 1) Mixels are classified into some of categories involved in mixels themselves, in the case where categories are asphalt, shady asphalt, lawn, tree and water surface. 2) Mixels composed of asphalt and lawn, asphalt and water, almost belong to the category which the distribution ratio is higher in each mixel. 3) Mixels of asphalt and shady asphalt fall under the category of asphalt. 4) In disregards of the component ratio in mixels, mixels of tree and others scarcely belong to the category of tree. This leads to the underestimation of green fields.
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KAZUYO HAYAKAWA, NORIO ISODA, TAKUKO YANASE
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
47-55
Published: November 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The physiological and psychological effects of air temperature and humidity on the human body during physical exercise in the summer were investigated. The experiments were carried out in a climate chamber at Nara Women's University at three different air temperatures (30℃, 32.5℃ and 35℃)and at four different relative humidities (30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 90 %). The mean radiant temperature was equal to the ambient temperature and the air velocity was less than 0.2 m/s. The subjects were four young healthy women and they wore bra and panty (about 0.03 clo). The exercise intensities were 25 W and 50 W. After the subjects staved in the chamber for more than 30 minutes, they pedaled bicycle ergometer at the rate of 50 rpm for 30 minutes. The physiological responses of the human body (skin temperatures, rectal temperature, heart rate, metabolic rate, body weight) were measured. Mean skin temperature was calculated from the weighted mean formula by Hardy and DuBois. Skin wettedness was calculated from body weight loss, mean skin temperature and metabolic rate. The psychological responses (thermal sensation vote, comfort vote, evaluation of environment and so on) were asked. The results were as follows: (1) The higher the air temperature and the relative humidity are, the higher the mean skin temperature is. The stronger the exercise intensity becomes when the relative humidity is above 70 %, the higher the mean skin temperature is. In view of the relation between the mean skin temperature and the comfort vote, the higher the mean skin temperatures are, the more uncomfortable side votes increase. As the mean skin temperatures are above 34.5℃ at rest and above 33.5℃ at 50 W, the uncomfortable side votes increase. (2) The higher the air temperature and the relative humidity are, the heart rate increase. When the exercise intensity is strong, the effects of the air temperature and the relative humidity on the heart rate are observed. When the heart rate is more than 130 beats/minute, the uncomfortable side votes increase. (3) The higher the air temperature and the relative humidity are, the higher the skin wettedness is. When the exercise intensity is strong, the effects of the combination of the higher the air temperature and the higher the relative humidity on the skin wettedness are seen. The uncomfortable side votes can be observed when the skin wettedness is above 0.2 at rest and above 0.4 during exercise at 50 W. The ineffective sweat rate increases when the skin wettedness is above 0.4. (4) The contour lines of the mean skin temperature, skin wettedness, and comfort vote, are shown on psychrometric charts. In the light of them, the thermal uncomfortable zones of rest and exercise can be comprehensively examined. (Fig.18) (5) The thermal uncomfortable zone is at the lower end of the Discomfort Index and the WBGT Index and estimates the effects of humidity less than them. Whereas the thermal uncomfortable zone is at the higher end of the comfort lines set by Nevins et al., Rohles et al., Fanger and SET*, and shows the effects of humidity more than their comfort lines.
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HIDEYO TOTANI
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
57-65
Published: November 30, 1989
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The economical activities have rapidly expanded through economic development of all over the world. When the import and export goods have increased, the codes and standards concerned of both sides (import and export) are obliged to be influenced by the level of internationalization. Recently, a lot of building materials in Japan have been imported from the USA and Canada. But there are a lot of differences among the building codes of Japan, the USA and Canada. Even if the direct trade barriers such as tarif and trade matters have been put aside, people can't utilize building materials which are imported, if the building code won't permit to use these building materials. The governments of the USA and Canada pointed out the matters of building codes as domestic barriers against the trade, and the commitees to discuss the matters have been held between bilateral countries in order to solve the matters. But the fruitful results can't have harvested, because of the lacks of the understanding of the mutual codes. The aim of this paper is to make clear the differences among the building codes. This is a seriese of analizing the codes and the difference of the codes of the three countries. In this paper, the differences of the composition and the structure of the codes are mainly discussed. The differences are not only technical matters, but social and cultural matters which have been developed through long history of each countries.
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SHIN-YA NISHIMURA, TAKASHI TAKAHASHI, ICHIROU HAGIWARA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
67-76
Published: November 30, 1989
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The purpose of this article is to clarify the team-building system in design organizations. The relations of design works and making teams are different types in each organization. This system characterize the design organization. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Characteristic items of design organizations There are 21 items that characterize a type of organizations. These items are divided 3 groups that concerned organization structure, a team unit size and design process. 2) Typology of design organizations by characteristic items Design organizations are divided into 2 typical organization structure at the point of integration and specialization. 3) Model of team-building system The team-building system consists of 3 subsystems. These are team-making subsystem, team-control subsystem and adaptation subsystem. Each design organization has this system with different structure.
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NAOKO KANEYASU, NAOTO KOBAYASHI, SATORU TANJI, SUSUMU SUGIURA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
77-83
Published: November 30, 1989
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The subject of this study is to analysis the difference of the residential style at independent house among 6 cities : Sapporo, Akita, Niigata, Nagaoka, Jouetsu and Kanazawa which are cities in snowy district. We indicate the residential style with the degree of overlapping among different zones of dwelling space that are distinguished by the use corresponding to living actions classified. Here, the living actions are classified to three categories : the acts concerning with recieving guests (these are named act G), the acts concernning with familly (named act F) and the personal acts including the transfers between rooms (named act P). 575 samples are classified to 5 types of residential style (type I〜type V). From the result of our analysis, in Sapporo, the family room and the guest room are used together in the center and here concentrating the indoor traffic lines, on the contrary, in Naeaoka and Jouetsu, there is a conspicuos tendency to establish the room for the guest only by dividing the traffic lines. In Kanazawa, there is a tendency to establish the family room and the guest room together by dividing the traffic lines. Akita and Niigata are the middle among 6 cities from a viewpoint of the residential style.
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KAZUTAKA KUROSAWA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
85-96
Published: November 30, 1989
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This report presents the result of our case study of house plan types in which efforts are made to apply to it the pattern-analytical procedure we have developed as a means to apprehend, notably, their regional pattern characteristics and probable directions of pattern-transition in, e.g., any major specific district or city of this country. The attendant analysis is atempted of available instances in Hokkaido respecting their recent pattern-transition, so as to find out appropriate plan patterns considered to evolve through their expected transition out of those existent. The above process consists of: 1) firstly, analyzing noticeable tendencies in recent years on relatively macroscopic indices such as the dimension the number of the rooms, the types of the non-private rooms, of a dwelling house, and others; 2) also analyzing noticeable trends of pattern-transition observed in that period by use of sets of data of room arrangement combined with their circulation counterparts both obtained from linkage-, adjacency- and arrangement-patterns of the considered house plan types; 3) further, reviewing any appreciable changes, that may concurrently occur in the dwellers' mode of living as well as their claims for its improvement which can both constitute principal motives for the pattern transition; and 4) finally deriving therefrom constituent plan-patterns which agree with such requirements of room arrangement and circulation as should be in the expected directions of pattern-transition, depending on the analysis of the above-mentioned tendencies of pattern-transition and its factor indices.
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SANG-HEE KIM, SHOJI SUMITA, SUNG-JU KANG
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
97-106
Published: November 30, 1989
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The purpose of this paper is to make clear a relationship between ANBANG and GOSILU in present apartment houses, compared with detached houses in terms of modernization process on the way of living in Korea. The data of 125 cases were gathered from the field survey of condominium type apartment houses in Seoul and Pusan on summer, 1988. The results are as follows; 1) In comparison with detached houses, the composition of plan for apartment houses is more akin to the LDK plan type that has clear division between public and private space. 2) Concernig the way of living, ANBANG is transforming to main bedroom, and GOSILU to living room. On that point, apartment houses are more modernizing than detached houses. 3) However, ANBANG is still used as a guest room as to receiving formal guests. There remains partially an ambivalent character in ANBANG in terms of modernization.
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YOSHIO TANAKA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
107-115
Published: November 30, 1989
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From 1877 to 1886, the central government was promoting the building codes being enacted. In this treatise, I report the process of that trial and examine the relation between the trial and each local building codes, enacted on and after 1886. I, as a result, clarified following five points. 1) The central government mentioned here is the Sanitary Bureau of the Department of the Interior. 2) In 1882, the Sanitary Bureau branched out its work and set about a countermeasure to sanitation of the city. 3) Still more, in 1882, the Sanitary Bureau commanded each prefecture to keep the land sanitary. 4) In the case of the eight main cities, the main factor in enacting the local building codes is based on 2) and other cities, 3). 5) I am convinced that Sensai Nagayo and Shimpei Gotoh chiefly promoted enacting these building codes.
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IKUKO MUROZAKI, AKIKO ICHIOKA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
117-127
Published: November 30, 1989
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The main purpose of this study is to analyze relationship between childern's play and playing spaces and to know the some character of elements and nature in spaces where they can find out attractive place of playing. It has already been known fact that children play not only at the arranged playpark but also at whole spaces in neighbourhood. Therefore, we selected four neighbourhood districts different from its natures and investigated children's playing by observation with short interviews. The main findings by our analysis are the followings: (1) It can be found there are certain relationship between kinds of particular play and natures of space. (2) Children's play is induced when they meet some attractive physical elements in the spaces. The various kinds of elements are grouped by three locational categories such as specialized playground, residential surrounding and other open space. (3) Attractiveness in natures of space can be evaluated by following six aspects : 1. spaciousness of place 2. existence of playing instruments 3. diversity of enviroment 4. existence of intimate sitting spot 5. materials for handiwork 6. existens of natural asset (4) These relationship can be realized when supported by the following fundamental conditions : 1. free availability 2. safety 3. easy access including location
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YOUKO HIRATA, TSUNEO KAJIURA, HIROKO SAITOH
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
129-140
Published: November 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the character of the residents who are hard to take part in the management of condominiums. The results are as follows; (1) In the residents of condominiums, some residents exist who are hard to take part in the management of condominiums.They exist mainly in such condominiums as a unit size is smaller than 30m^2, location is the midtown area and easy of access. (2) With regard to the residents' characters, absence owners and single owners apart from their family abound in one-room-type condominiums, and dual income families and the aged owners abound in family-type condominiums. (3) Owing to existence of such residents, many troubles are caused, for example, the attendance of a generel meeting is low, and the select of owners-association stuffs is difficult, therefor in fact the owners-association is inactive. (4) It is necessary to produce the new type management system for condominium-residents who are out of keeping with the existent management system.
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SHIGERU WAKAYAMA, TAKASHI FUJIHARA
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
141-147
Published: November 30, 1989
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We find out the Japanese emotion in mediaeval times with one's architectural space, as the result of analizing and considering the architectural terms in KOKINSYU and SHINKOKINSYU. In KOKINSHU,in the terms represent house, YADO is superior to other terms. And it find out the pessimism is related life from poet that include SUMAU. In SHINKOKINSHU, YADO is ordinary used, and IHO is appeared. These mean that the aesthetic of temporary and WABI residence are developed in emotion of this age. And we find out that emotion of architectural space grew variety from the terms represent part increased.
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HIROYASU FUJIOKA, ATSUKO OKAZAKI
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
149-155
Published: November 30, 1989
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It is well known that the population in the suburban area around the city of Tokyo grew rapidly between the 1900s and the 1930s, especially right after the Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and that many new residential districts were developed then. The aim of this paper is to show not a few people moved to suburban area at that time by checking the addresses, occupations and income taxes of the people who were listed on the 1921 version and 1931 version of a famous who's who called "Jinji-Koshinroku". The number of the people who lived in Tokyo Prefecture and who were carried on the 1921 version of "Jinii-Koshinroku" is 6,672. Checking their addresses and occupations, it can be clear that there was a tendency that places to live in were connected with those to work at : many wealthy merchants lived in Nihonbashi-ku, many businessmen in Shiba-ku and not a few bureaucrats in Kojimachi-ku. And around 1921, not a few people who belonged to the middle class already lived in Toyotama-gun, one of the counties surrounding the city of Tokyo. Out of the 6,672, 3,497 were listed on the 1931 version of "Jinii-Koshinroku". Among them, 2,184 were selected as valid samples to be inspected. 1,256 out of the 2,184 persons did not change their addresses. 928 did. 47 % of them moved outwards, only 10 % inwards. Many among the people that emigrated from the city of Tokyo to its suburban area were businessmen, bureaucrats and officers, who belonged to the middle class and whose income was not so big. The suburban districts where many moved in at that time were Shibuya-cho, Yoyohata-cho, Sendaeaya-cho, Nakano-cho in Toyotama-gun.
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YOSHIAKI TEGOSHI, ISAO NAGASAWA, JUNJI MAEDA, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1989 Volume 405 Pages
157-165
Published: November 30, 1989
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Estimating several models of an architecture is heavy work even if the models are not so large. This paper presents a method that a design support system has a searching function using an idea of information processing techniques. The techniques of a generate-and-test, a data flow formulation, and a recursive call are applied to an architectural design procedure. A few stairway are designed by this method and some features of this method are found as follows; (1) The generate-and-test prevents failing to notice restrictions or design conditions. (2) It is easy to re-design and re-estimate the model. As the result the designer can search the best design. (3) The data flow formulation technique is equivalent to a procedure of the architectural design. Then the designer can maintain and manage the support system easily. (4) For the stairway design, which has a part of same design procedures, the idea of the recursive call is useful. The recursive call programming is realized by the technique of the data flow formulation.
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Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 405 Pages
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