The authors performed a series of laboratory experiments and field surveys regarding a heating system with convectors installed beneath seats, which has been newly developed for providing a good quality of heating environment for halls. The globe temperature measured at the point of virtual center of seated person-Seat Globe Temperature (SGT)-was found to give a good correlation with the thermal sensation of occupants, and was described as a function of heat flux from the convectors. From these results, it is considered that the SGT should be applied when this heating system is designed.

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Room arrangements on the first floor of detatched houses have been discussed for these 10 years in the field of locality of housing or modern Japanese living style. This study analyze the composition of living room, dining room, kitchen and wasitsu with tokonoma, Japanese tatami room with alcove for flower arrangement or hanging paintings, based on the survey by Housing Loan Corporation. LD. K two rooms type is developped to L. D. K three rooms type as total floor area increasing. This type is supplied mainly by two-by-four system, prefabrication system and conventional large housing construction system. DK type (none L) is provided by conventional small housing construction system mainly in rural area. Washitsu with tokonoma is found in most dwellings even in prefabricated houses. This room is planned for guest entertaining. Tsuzuki-ma, connecting rooms of Japanese style, is one of typical solutions for arranging guest room and is widely supported based on the demand for entertaining many guests.

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Emergent management is a system of mutual interaction between a common space and living together. Nothing living is ever isolated. Any event and any creation in it is connected by a thousand threads with the emergent management, and this generates human living values. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the process of generating values based on the analysis of the action for pleasure and management of common space in the co-operative house U-court from the view point of emergent management. The values of management of common space and action for pleasure are actively generated through their consistent principles.

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The natural environment is being destroyed on a world wide scale. It is the complex result of various causes. And we are now aware that everything on the earth creates well-balanced circumstances. The only solution is to research how to deal with the causes one by one. What we should take into consideration about all of them is saving energy and using clean natural energy such as wind, solar and subterranean heat. We can not make an exception of constructing buildings and energy saving system should be considered from the starting point of planning and installed in them just like the electric and water supply facilities. As a case study we chose Nakasatsunai Environment Promotion Center which was built by the outside insulation method in Hokkaido in 1985. The building is equipped with a greenhouse as a supplementary heating system to warm the concrete of the building with the hot air from the greenhouse. In this paper we describe the design of the building in detail and analyze the living condition and energy saving efficiency. We mainly measured the room temperature and fuel consumption. And finally we compare with the results those of two other similar facilities-the village Office and the Welfare Center-which were built by the traditional method in the same village.

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The first objective of this study is to make clear the present condition of hospice care facilities in Japan. The second objective is to explore the possibility of organization of hospice care wards in the central acute general hospitals. The third objective is to make clear the actual conditions of the dying patients and particular characteristics of the hospice care. The results of the analysis are presented as follows ; 1) Most of the hospices in Japan are included in the hospitals. 2) The hospice care wards will be able to be set up in prefectural general hospitals. 3) In case of practicing the hospice care, it is important to increase the number of private rooms in general wards, and to keep some rooms ready for use as living rooms for patients and their families.

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This report aims to clarify what contemporary Japanese architects think of city through study on their published articles. It is the authors' opinion that architects have expressed their thoughts of architecture through not only designing actual building (material practice) but also written theories (language practice). At this point of view, before we have already investigated about housing theories of architects. Standing on the premise that minimum space which architects are able to understand is house, and maximum space city, this time we investigate urban theories of them as one of the most important architectural theories. We agree that the architectural journal is the most active field of intercourse for architectural expression. As data, We compiled urban theories in "SHIN-KENCHIKU", which is one of the most popular architectural journal in Japan, published after World War H. At first, the contents of each theory were investigated, and next some comments such as the phrase "city is the place for people to live" or "city is the symbol of nation" were extracted from each theory. Then meanings of those thoughts on city were analyzed through the method originated by Kawakita Jiro. We think that some groups of those thoughts, which we obtain through that analysis, indicate the extent and the direction of thinking on city of contemporary Japanese architects.

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Pedestrians approaching to the entrance to the stairs, are considered to judge the distance to the first descending step, and then adjust a pitch of walking. Relations of dimensions of tread and rise, and human peripheral vision, were theoretically analyzed. A theoretical method for obtaining the required dimensions of a tread was suggested in this paper. Pedestrians, in descending stairs, are usually looking down the stairs to insure a safer footing on a tread. If the pedestrians vision to their foot is obstructed in descending, they are considered to be liable to stumble. Two male subjects participated in the experiments. The human peripheral vision in descending stairs was analyzed in 24 different combinations of tread and rise. The ratio of vision screened by thigh movements was suggested for evaluating dimensions of tread and rise in regard to human peripheral vision.

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We analyzed the spatial structure of the Banking Hall both on site and through statements by several architects. We focussed on images relating to spatial structure and their physical elements, and organized these with respect to images relating to substance and types of spatial relationships. We were able to classify images relating to spatial structure into 3 types ; enclosed, saturated, and unified ; and their physical elements into 2 types : light and object. We determined 5 spatial relations : enclosing the space, saturating the space, sharing similar design, showering over, and having centripetal form. In this hall the perception of the space alternates between light space and object space.

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In this paper we intend to explain the complex patterns of rural residential land ownership in Taiwan by analyzing its transition processes, and we hope this study will be useful for the improvement-planning of rural settlements in Taiwan. Therefore we put a general view upon the history of rural settlements, and analyze the historical changes of land ownership in a social, political and economic context. Two villages were chosen for investigation, these were founded by immigrants from Fu-Chien Province and Hakka people from Kwan-Tong Province of mainland China. Through this investigation, we understand the major factors of the complexity in the ownership of rural residential land and that there are some differences about the patterns of land division and residence extention between these two villages.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relations of spatial recognition and the composition in landscaping, and to find the meaning of traditional landscaping in Japan. The natural and geographical features in the Oki islands corresponds to a spatial pattern "Alternative Circles" of land and sea. There are many old shrines that were located in important places in the spatial patterns and the compositions of the landscape in the Oki islands.

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In the previous papers we proposed the spatial correlation analysis method for analyzing two-dimensional urban lattice data, and reconstructed its theory for categorical variables. This paper describes a method for estimating the spatial influence model (SIM) in the case that the explaning variables are categorical. As a numerical example, we construct a model for the distribution of residential utility by linking SIM to a logit model. The value of this utility can be obtained by using the Wilson's spatial interaction model whose structure is the same as a logit model's. We construct SIM with categorical variables for describing this value.

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In the first stage of the history of historic preservation in the USA (〜 the 1920's), emphasis was laid on the preservation of historic sites related to the national events such as the Independence War and the Civil War. At the beginning of the second stage (the 1930's 〜 early 1960's), the great depression was instrumental in promoting historic preservation as nationalistic movements and as the countermeasures of unemployment. Favorable decision for the constitutionality of zoning control paved the way for local ordinances on historic districts rather than preservation of individual structure, which is one of the distinguished features of American historic preservation.

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This study aims at examining method for tenants to participate in management of condominiums with increasing number of rental units. We made clear attitude regarding management of the three types in condominiums, absentee owners, residential owners and tenants, towards'tenants' participation in condominium management. 1. As for the attitude regarding management of the three types, they are expected to share, the common opinion that it is good for tenants to participate in management in some form, and particularly in areas where there is a strong connection to their daily lives. 2. There are little difference of attitude of cooperated life between residential owners and tenants. Tenants have little knowledge on condominium management. They don't much participate in management of their condominium. However, tenants tend gradually to enlarge their knowledge and motivation to participate in management through experience. 3. From the above, it is possible that tenants participate in condominium management except making decision of management of condominiums with long-term prospect.

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Ocha-ya was a lodging used by feudal lords in Mouri-han in Edo era. Mitajiri was one of the principal towns in Mouri-han and there was a Ocha-ya in Mitajiri. The main part of Mitajiri Ocha-ya was composed of Bansho, Gozama and cookroom. Mitajiri Ocha-ya was used exclusively by Mouri-family and was used in Tenmei age both as a residence and as a lodging. The early plan of Mitajiri Ocha-ya was similar to the lords' residence but it shifted to the peculiar plan during Edo era.

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1) The administrator of 'DOHGURA' was 'NEN-YO', who was a priest holding an administrative position in the cooperative organization of Japanese medieval Buddhist temples. 2) The property administrated by the temple's cooperative organization was called 'BUTSU-MOTSU' (the property of Buddha) 3) However temples did not have 'DOHGURA' in ancient times, there were various ways to store temple's Property such as 'DOHGURA' in medieval times. 4) Main temples that had 'DOHGURA' were the new type of main temples in medieval times, and those had an important meaning in relation to the management of temples and to the society of monks.

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The word "architecture of Nihon-shumi (Japan-taste)" indicates the architectures which represent Japaneseness by the manner that gives traditional motifs of Japanese wooden architecture to the body of modern building. This word has been commonly used after the Taisho-era by getting the common image and recognition of it through the works which were designed for representing Japaneseness among the architectural competitions and the real buildings. In the Meiji-era, the manner of "architecture of Nihon-shumi" was not yet established. This paper treats the manners which were discussed at the end of Meiji-era for representing the "Nihon-shumi (Japan-taste)" on architecture. It is demonstrated here that some manners which are different from the manner of "architecture of Nihon-shumi" were argued at the end of Meiji-era as well as the similar ones of it.

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In 1921, the Ofuna Denentoshi Co. Ltd. was established to construct the garden city in Japan. But it is not known the detail of its motivation and purpose that they established it, and the project of the residential quarter because it bunkrupped halfway. The Watanabe family the business proprietor had managed the plan of Watanabe-cho that was taken notice of the ideal garden suburbs in Tokyo Nippori. The Watanabe family was not satisfied with the Watanabe-cho project and they established the company the Ofuna Denentoshi Co. Ltd. to construct the garden city. This article report presents the business contents which had been taken out by the Ofuna Denentoshi Co. Ltd. from the news and the project reports of company and considers the contents of the residential quarter "Shin Kamakura" which had been constructed in front of Ofuna station.

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After the turn of the Twentieth century, American industrial buildings develop some innovative design vocabularies which include concrete frame, ribbon window, and glass curtain-wall. The main motive of such development is a demand for natural lighting. A multi story ferroconcrete structure develops from a bearing wall into a grid frame wall and a cantilevered non-bearing wall with ribbon window. On the other hand, a one story steel structure develops from a large glass window into a pillarless glass curtain-wall.

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In Great Britain nineteenth century suburbs were developed along with the middle classes. This paper examines the middle class residential areas in Sheffield, a city which flourished with the steel industry, and the land societies which developed the suburbs. I have studied the building regulations stipulated by the developers and the appearance of the houses remaining presently. These regulations specify such things as the materials to be used for external walls, the number of storeys, and the building line, which particularly is an important element in determining the street landscape of the middle class suburban houses.

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