Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)
Online ISSN : 2433-0043
Print ISSN : 0910-8017
ISSN-L : 0910-8017
Volume 362
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1986 Volume 362 Pages Cover1-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1986 Volume 362 Pages Cover2-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1986 Volume 362 Pages Toc1-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1986 Volume 362 Pages Toc2-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1986 Volume 362 Pages Toc3-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • YUKIO HAMADA, YOSHITO HIDAKA, HIDEKI TACHIBANA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 1-7
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Concerning the calculation method of random incidence sound transmission loss (TL) of multiple structure walls, a theoretical investigation was made by applying the electrical four-terminal network theory, and the validity of the calculation method was examined by scale model and full-scale experiments. As a result, it has been found that the approximate sound transmission loss characteristics of multiple structure walls of relative simple constructions can be predicted by. the calculation method based on the four-terminal net-work theory.
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  • RYOICHI SATO, YASUO NISHI, TAKEO KOZIMA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 8-18
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Following the discussions in their previous paper, the authors state their studies on the mathematical representation of projections given by some simple curved surfaces in the form of rectangular straight line form. The authors discuss about the solution of the equations got as the mathematical representations of projections and they also present examples of figures which the equations give.
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  • KUNIO MATSUURA, HWAY SUH KIM, HISATOMI TANAKA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 19-25
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In Part 2 the slats of blind system are uniformly illuminated by the direct sunlight on the critical condition of precisely shading it with slats. On this incident condition numerical solutions of the integral equations give the average luminances of downward and upward surfaces of slats, and from these results the transmittances of blind system of downward and upward light to interior are calculated. When comparing these values with those of flat slats louver system, it is recognized that the differences of both data are not so remarkable. Effects of regular reflection of direct sunlight on the slat surfaces are investigated on the direct and indirect illuminances on the working plane in interior. The first regular reflection on the upward surface of slat adds to direct illuminance. A calculation method of this component is introduced and numerical examples are compared with illuminance due to the diffuse reflection of direct sunlight on the upward slat surfaces. An additional transmittance by the first reqular reflection is also calculated as downward and upward fluxes. It becomes clear that the more regular reflections than twice are negligible for transmittances of blind system. As a result, effects of regular reflection of slat surface are not important as far as Venetian blind system is usually used in the normal slat angle of inclination. Thus, the calculation method of flat slats louver system can be available to get direct and indirect illuminances from Venetian blind system in normal condition.
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  • HIROMICHI MIZUNO
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 26-34
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Numerical solutions are presented for laminar combined forced and free convection heat transfer between finite vertical heated parallel plates. Boundary layer equations are transformed into dimensionless form by introducing the dimensionless variables, and it is found that mean Nusselt number Nu_m is considered to be a function of modified Peclet number Pe^* and parameter Gr^*/Re^<*2>. A finite difference numerical method is adopted to solve these equations. Paticular attentions are given to heat transfer results, which cover a wide range of modified Peclet number Pe^* and parameter Gr^*/Re^<*2>. For combined convection the heat transfer results are related to following equations. (1)Fully developed temperature field (Pe^*≦1.5) Nu_m=1/2Pe^* (2)For U_1=1(Uniform)and P_1=0 Nu_m=1/2Pe^*[1-esp{-(C_1/(Pe^*))^<C_2>}]^C_3×[1-exp(-C_4/(Pe^*))]^<-0.245> where, C_1=(4.5+0.012 B)^<4/3>, C_2=1-0.002 B, C_3=3/4(1-0.002 B)^<-1> C_4=[(2.25+0.006 B)/(0.76+0.106 B^<0.821>{1-exp(-3.37/B)}^0.41]^<1/0.245> B=(Gr^*)/(Re^<*2>) (0.1≦Pe^*≦2×10^4, 0≦(Gr^*)/(Re^<:2>)≦50
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  • KOTAROH HIRATE, MASAHITO YASUOKA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 35-43
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Experiments on measurement of psychological quantity were made, with using photomontage slidefilms of street-vistas and by introduction of a new structual model of psychological evaluation, and the possibility that psychological quantity is connected to simple physical quantity, is shown. The objects in experiment were black and white photomontage slidefilms. After obstructive elements (i.e. utility poles, billboards, and original roadside trees etc. ) retouched, roadside trees were montaged. Experiments were made into tow parts. At part 1, backgrounds, trees, planting arrangements on the objects were changed and in part 2, width of road and planting arrangements, too. After t-test, F-test and variance analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference in experimental conditions, and the effect of background was small. Applying the new model with 2 turning points on response continuum to the results of these experiments, the best interval of plantings was calculated on each case. Lately the following are concluded ; 1. The best width of planting exist on "evaluation" scale. 2. The best interval of planting changes according to height of trees, but in regular height, there is no significant differences in trees and backgrounds. 3. The best interval of planting in "evaluation" scale is a few over 10m. 4. Platanus-6m is the most preferable. 5. The logarithm of the density of planting is the most suitable parameter for explaining of psychological quantity, and, the relation between stimulus and judgement corresponds to Weber-Fechner's theory. 6. For the plane stimulus as slidefilms, the subjects grasp them solidly. The fact shows high perceptual constancy of human.
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  • SABURO MURAKAWA, MASARU NISHIDA, YASUO KOSHIKAWA, HIROYUKI WATANABE
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 44-54
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The purpose of this study is to collect the basic data for planning effective using systems of water resources in region. We research and analyse the people's water uses and opinions in the dwelling houses, which are along the 9 channels in the river basins of the Chigusa, the Maruyama, the Asahi, the Chikugo and the Yabe. We describe the frequencies of water uses in each purpose of using water and the opinions for saving water. We analyse the relation between the character of family and the water uses by the Quantity theory cluster III, and we clarify the difference so that the urban people pay attention to water uses more than the rural people. In three cases using tap, well and channel waters, we analyse the water uses, the opinion of water uses, the evaluation of water quality and the factors of water using pattern. In these analyses, we clarify that the tap waters are lower than the well waters in the evaluations of "Smell", "Temperature" and "Taste", and we describe that the people using well and channel waters have the requirement to keep the presented water use system, and that the degree of the requirement is affected by water quality. Considering the relation between the water quality and the evaluation of water and the relation between the water quality and the water use, we clarify that the relation between water index S (COD, turbidity) and the evaluation of water R makes an approximation with an equation R=kln (S/So), (Now, k and So : constants), and that there are similar relations between these indexes and the ways of water use.
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  • KOTAROH HIRATE, MASAHITO YASUOKA, KEN'ICHI SATOH
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 55-62
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new model with 2 turning points on response continuum is introduced to express a structure of psychological evaluation, and the example of an application of this model is reported. The relation between physical stimlus and human judgement is roughly classified into two patterns. One type has 1 turning point in judgement according to increase of stimulus, and the other has 2 turning points in it. The former is able to be analyzed by the usual psychological model, but the latter has not been discussed in the architectural field. Therefore, a new model that explains the latter type is introduced corresponding to judgement on the scale of "evaluation" extracted from semantic differential technique. Secondarily, the concept of this model is mentioned and the solution by numerically calculation is explained. In the latter half of this report, the experiment is stated as the application of this model about the best illuminance on sleeping and resting. Experiments was made under the following conditions ; Date : Dec. 1-3, 1983. Place : in the experimental room at Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Experimental conditions : the illuminance on the face of subjects is able to be controlled from 0 lx to 1 900 lx. Subjects : 9 people. Scale of rating : "good-bad" bipolar scale, 6 categories. Method : method of adjustment for 2 settings and method of constant for 4 settings. After the application of this model to the results of this experiment, the best illuminance is calculated and Weber-Fechner's theory was led between the illuminance and the human judgement under the condition of this experiment.
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  • MASAO AOKI, CHOICHI SHINYA, HIROTOSHI SHINOHARA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 63-73
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Nagasaki Yojosho, the first Western style hospital with modern medical school in Japan was built in Nagasaki in 1861, designed by Pompe, Dutch navy surgeon. The hospital buildings were H-shaped wooden building composed of two two-storied double pavilion wards and a one-storied central building, equipped with 124 beds and medical installations. In this paper we studied the process of selections of suitable sites, layout planning and block plan of the Nagasaki Yojosho through the project by Pompe. You can find some similarties in the methods of planning hospitals between the project by Pompe and "Handleiding tot de kennis der Burgerlijkeen Militaire Bouwkunst" by Storm and "Notes on Hospitals" by Nightingale.
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  • YASUHIRO SAKURAI
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 74-86
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The purpose of this paper is to clear the frequency, date and hour of group activities in leisure life and relation between similar type of group activities and assembly facilities. The conclusions are as follows ; 1) The difference among some cities with regard to group formation in leisure life is more shown in the neighborhood group activities. 2) For the planning of assembly facilities, it is important to give attention to the tendency of group activities in weekday-forenoon or weekday-night whose frequencies over onece a week. 3) The relation between similar type of group activities and assembly facilities reflects differencies of facility stocks among some cities. 4) In the conclusions, this paper shows the hypothesis about the development process of above-mentioned relation.
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  • TOTA NOMURA, CHIHARU IKEDK, RYOICHI YAGINUMA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 87-93
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The objective of this paper is to classify museums in Japan by their materials. The contents of this paper are as follows. 1. Introduction. 2. Objective of the study. 3. Outline of the investigations. 4. A new classification of museums in Japan by the materials. 5. Comparison between the new type and the existing type. 6. Conclusion.
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  • TADAO KOGA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 94-102
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The aim of this research is to find out of the criteria of space planning for housing for the severely handicapped. The most important factor, on the planning of living environment for the human being, is to have to comprehend factor of human being. I made a trial classification for the severely handicapped by disabled degrees of upper limbs functions and lower limbs functions as a model for spinal injury persons. Results of classifications are as a follows; (1) Disabled degree is classifiable to three types i. e. very severely disabled, middle severely disabled and slightly disabled degree. (2) From a point of view of daily living pattern activities of daily living are classifiable three patterns of all assist, seme-assist and independence patterns. (3) This classification matrix method of spinal injury persons is adapted to other severely handicapped. we must consider by factor of human being not only space planning of housing but planning of living environment for human being.
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  • MITSUO WATANABE, ATSUKO EGUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 103-112
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The quantity of furniture in the household has increased in recent years, in the first paper (part 1), we discussed on the basic tendency. In this report, we will discuss details of this tendency on kinds of house, on ranks of income, on types of family. The area occupied by furniture in the household has increased in the same degree in all kinds of families, so the smaller the house, the less the space available for living.
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  • TAKESHI NAKAGAWA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 113-120
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    This paper is concered with the considerations used in the variations of the architectural structural scale in the seventeenth century and eighteenth century. The traditional Japanese structural scale is expressed generally by a basic span and its multiple in the structure's front face. Also, in "KIWARI", almost all the structural dimentions are a proportion of the basic span and a certain coefficient. However, in the "KIWARISHO", the traditional Japanese architectural textbook, we can find adequate consideration for the composition especially in the "SHOUMEI", one of the above-mentioned texbooks. As a consideration in the variation of the structural scale, the proportional coefficient of the height or the roof size is lower for a larger structure, or higher for a smaller one.
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  • KATSUHIKO WATANABE, MARIKO OKAMOTO, AKIRA NAITO
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 121-127
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In this paper, we examined the modular-coodination (lit. kiwari) system of "Juho kiwari-note". As a result, this paper clarified the fact that the system uses different modules compared with later kiwari texts in Edo era.
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  • AKIRA SATO
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 128-135
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Modern writers have been, for the most part, negative in estimating the mid-19th century attempts to improve brickmaking. Examination of the drawbacks indicated by these writers suggests that such drawbacks had limited effects, if any. It should be admitted that several attempts proved a certain efficiency in brick field in 1840s and 1850s. And some big general builders are supposed to have shared in it.
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  • HIDEKAZU SHIRAI
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 136-141
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Le probleme de l'idee de la cabane primitive ou rustique, comme an le sait, jouait un role tres important au sujet de l'origine de l'architecture au 18^e siecle en France. En particulier, "Essai sur l'architecture" (1753, 1755) public par Laugier exercait une influence decisive sur ce probleme. Il a reduit l'architecture a trois elements essentiels que la cabane presentait-la colonne, l'entablement et le fronton : son traite montre que l'architecte doit considerer cette cabane primitive comme le principe qui le conduit a la loi immuable de l'architecture. Cependant, cette pensee donnerait le jour a l'autre probleme de l'efficacite structurelle a cause de sa qualite interne. On peut dire que ce dernier probleme nous rappelle le nom de Durand, qui contredisait l'idee de la cabane primitive de Laugier. Il n'a pas considere la cabane comme l'objet naturel : selon lui, elle n'est que le produit informe des premiers essais de l'art, car pour lui, l'utilit£ est le principal but de l'architecture. Ainsi, nous pouvons formuler la conclusion hypothetique suivante a l'aide de la remarque interessante de Payot concernant la cabane de Laugier : en considerant trois elements tels que le commencement, la cabane et l'architecture (le batiment), qui correspondent a trois aspects de Nature (physis), on pourrait designer la comparaison que, d'une part, la cabane de Laugier signifiait la nature ordonnee de khaos, d'autre part, celle de Durand l'objet de l'art qui devait imiter celle de Laugier. Pour approfondir cette etude, nous devons consulter le traite de Quatremere de Quincy, qui reflechissait sur l'imitation creatrice de Nature.
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  • MASAYUKI MIURA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 142-149
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Katoh-jingu is one of important shrines in the history of Japanese architecture. It had been being worshiped by the Fujiwaras throughout the Heian era and the Kamakura era, and had been a very influential shrine. I showed in my monograph that the main shrine in the Kamakura might have had a plan similar to 'Shimen-bisashi' which was articulated into the core and the surrounding envelope. I guess that the rear envelope was used keeping ritual goods and that the frontal envelope was the place where the Shinto priests performed rites.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 150-151
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 362 Pages 151-153
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1986 Volume 362 Pages App1-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1986 Volume 362 Pages Cover3-
    Published: April 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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