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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1988
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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Article type: Index
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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Article type: Index
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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Article type: Index
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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KEI ANDOW, KYOJI MUGIKURA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
1-7
Published: September 30, 1988
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The high-frequency vibration characteristics of floor plates are the basis for the analysis of the propagation and radiation of solid-borne sound in buildings: In this report, the authors propose a method of predict both the driving point and transfer mobility from modal parameters which are calculated by Eigenvalue analysis. Results obtained by this analytical method are com-pared with measured values and discussed. The authors selected the reinforced concrete floor plates to be the subject of the investigation. The points discussed in the report include the following; 1) Determination of the appropriate size of the divisions for the finite elements. 2) Method of determining the boundary conditions of floor plates. 3) Use of the value 3 % obtained from experimental modal analysis as the damping coefficient. 4) Method of correction for the sizes of driving and receiving points. On the basis of the above, the mobility of various floor structures, including high-frequency vibration properties, can be predicted. If the exact vibration fores is available, the method predicted is highly accurate. Accordingly, this method is useful for the dynamic analysis of floor plates.
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TOSHIYUKI WATANABE, AKIHITO OZAKI, YOSHIMI URANO, TETSUO HAYASHI, YUJI ...
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
8-19
Published: September 30, 1988
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Many practical methods for calculating unsteady-state heat conduction of multi-layer walls have been developed in the time-discrete domain. They have some similarities in the basic algorithm to each other and then it is necessary to make clear the structures, the characteristics and the mutual relationships of them. In this paper, we derived systematically a series of calculation formulas in the time-discrete domain by using the pulse transfer functions based on the isosceles triangle or trapezoid hold function. We carried out numerical calculations for the five kinds of multi-layer walls and compared the CPU time and the accuracy of different calculation methods. The conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) Practical formulas for calculating unsteady-state heat conduction are divided into the numerical convolution type and the successive transition type. (2) The response factors method and the transfer function method belong to the numerical convolution type. The first or second common ratio method is thought to be a simplified transfer function method. (3) The successive integral method and the multiple common ratio method belong to the successive transition type. They are caused by the difference of hold function and state variables. (4) The calculating time interval is changeable in the successive transition type and we can treat approximately the time-variable parameter and non-linear problems by the successive transition method. (5) The calculation method used in HASP/ACLD/8001 is a combined type of the numerical convolution type and the successive transition type. (6) CPU time of the successive transition type depends upon the number of index terms composing the characteristic function and it is generally smaller than that of the numerical convolution type.
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SHUZO MURAKAMI, SHINSUKE KATO, YOSHIHIRO ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
20-31
Published: September 30, 1988
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The formulation and boundary conditions of the governing equations with generalized curvilinear coordinates for room air flow are presented in the preceding paper of this study. Semi-implicit scheme about time integral of the equations is applied to the formulation, so that the momentum equations and Poisson equation interact with each other. Present paper describes the numerical technique to solve the simultaneous equations of the discrete dependent variables with SOR method. Some numerical examples of two-dimensional room air flow are analyzed with k-e model equations and are shown and compared with results using a staggered grid system based on orthogonal coordinates system. The conclution is that the present formulation gives reasonable results with high accuracy.
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SUSUMU YOSHIZAWA, FUMIKO SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
32-38
Published: September 30, 1988
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In order to estimate and control the contamination by the airborne particles through the mechanism of settlement it is necessary to analyze the mechnism of falling particles in the atmosphere indoor as well as outdoor. The quantity of settled particles depend upon the concentration, exposure time and terminal velocity which are the function of aerodynamic diameter of the particle, and consequently the size distribution of the settled particles greatly differ from the original ones. In case of outdoors, the quantity of settled particles are obtained by the integral of product of partial distribution and terminal velocity of the particle using particle size distribution. The calculated values were fairly close to those experimentally obtained. In case of indoors, the authors analyzed the relation of quantity of settled particles and the airborne concentration and obtained the general equation which shows that the settled contamination is dependant on the concentration, particle size distribution which determin the terminal velocity, the ceiling height, and the air change rate which is the reciprocal of the time length of particles' stay within the room. Experiments were performed using model chamber of 30 ×30×30 cm in size with known ventilation rate. Theoretical values coincided with the results of experiment very well.
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HARUNORI YOSHIDA, TOSHIO TERAI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
39-49
Published: September 30, 1988
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For heating and cooling load estimation, weather data are the essentially important input. Mathematically modeled weather data are more attractive than the numeral data known as the reference year for the input, because of containing much stochastic information, achieving data compression and having applicability for the analytical load calculation. In this paper, the mathematical expressions of the component of duirnally periodic temperature, which is the specific feature of weather data, are investigated. We concluded that two expressions are best in the meaning of good applicability for the heat load calculation. One of them is the hourly averaged temperature of a month and another is the duirnally varying temperature made by the amplitude modulation with the solar radiation information. Appropriateness of the two expressions is verified by the more sopfisticated time series models which are based on non-stational time series analysis, which, however, are too complicated to apply for the present purpose.
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YOSHIMI URANO, TOSHIYUKI WATANABE, TETSUO HAYASHI, YUJI RYU, AKIHITO O ...
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
50-59
Published: September 30, 1988
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The purpose of this study is to develope a passive cooling system in which water evaporative cooling and atmospheric radiative cooling are used together, effectively. The authors carried out a series of field experiments with twin test houses and simulations for these houses. The double envelope system which had outer insulation materials of a roof and walls saturated with water and had panels for solar shading at the outside wall surfaces was applied to the houses. To examine a method of making full use of atmospheric radiative cooling, the roof panel of one house was movable and could be opened in the nighttime, while the roof panel of the other took form of a duct and the air in the roof duct cooled by longwave radiative heat exchange to the sky was circulated through the test house. The former was designated the movable roof panel system and the latter was designated the air cycle system. The results were obtained as follows: (1) The water evaporative cooling system in which the outer insulation materials are wetted can be an effective method of preventing1 room air temperature rising excessively in the summer, including a rainy period. (2) The room air temperature of the air cycle system is approximately 5 degrees lower in the daytime and 0 to 1 degree higher in the nighttime than the outdoor air temperature. (3) In case of circulating the room air with fans, as the air circulation rate increases, the cooling effect of the air cycle system increases. (4) The insulation material that has been saturated with water in summer may be air-dried in winter as long as supply water is stopped. In this case, the room air temperature is 5 to 17 degrees higher all day long than the outdoor air temperature, because the outer insulation material has a high thermal resistance.
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MASURO URAYAMA, KEIJI SATO, TOMOKAZU IZAWA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
60-72
Published: September 30, 1988
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This paper aims to analyze housing demands as a major factor of urban sprawl in Urbanization Control Areas (UCAs), where developments and buildings are in principle not permitted in order to restrain disorderly expansion of the urban area. The conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) The housing activities in UCAs are caused by local housing demands in UCAs and extensive housing demands outside UCAs. (2) The local housing demands of farmers and their off-spring continue to generate within UCAs, because they need not move out of urban suburbs to find employment. (3) As their housing activities are permitted due to legal exceptions in the regulation system of UCA, large housing demands consequently promote urban sprawl over a long term. (4) Though the extensive housing demands must be concentrated in Urbanization Promotion Areas, they promote urban sprawl in UCAs. This is due to the detached houses and lots, which are developed in disorder on existing building lots in legal, are supplied for the extensive demands. (5) Therefor it is necessary to reduce disorder housing activities in UCAs, in order to restrain extensive housing demands and, consequently, to control urban sprawl.
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KEIJI SATO, TOMOKAZU IZAWA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
73-85
Published: September 30, 1988
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This paper proposes a selecting method for the areas where needs the housing and environmental improvement, and presents its application using the City of Nagoya as a case study. The main method proposed of this study, is to find out those areas which are characterized by the concentration of high-density, substandard dwelling units, and by the shortage of infrastructures day-to-day living. Substandard dwelling units referred to in this study include: (1) rental wooden apartments provided by private sector; and (2) "small-site" houses whose site area is less than 100 square meters per unit. The former, mostly supplied in the postwar rapid economic growth period, are characterized by wooden, weak structured, small dwelling units without proper sanitary facilities. The latter, mostly built in. the prewar days up unitil the beginning of postwar rapid economic growth, have become considerably delapidated and extremely congested due to the extension of each house. The infrastructure-shortage areas are characterized by the narrow alleys in the neighhourhoods and by the limited provision of parks and playlets. According to the study result derived from the application of the proposed method in Nagoya City, a total of 1 109 districts are found to be in heed of redevelopment or environmental improvement. It was also proven by the study that the proposed method is effective in selecting for such areas characterized by the above physical features. The study is concluded with the findings that the areas which require urgent renewal and environmental improvement are those where "samll-site" houses are concentrated with the limited provision of infrastructure for day-to-day living.
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TAKASHI TAKAMI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
86-97
Published: September 30, 1988
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This paper aimes to consider'the techniques used on the plotting of residential area and the plotting a block in the post towns, and to make clear what its character has had influence upon the present city area. The main results are as follows. . 1) The urban pattern of the post towns had had the linear town on the Nagasaki Highway, and the site shape (d/f) that had plotted on either side of its street had had the slender shape, and the outside of its town had been divided by the natural fence, such as the seashore, the river, the wood, and the like. 2) The frontage of a lot had shown a tendency to converge into 3 - 5 KEN (6〜10m). The other side, its depth had shown a tendency to scatter a little into 15-30 KEN (30-60 m), under the influnce of the land-form. 3) The principles of its planning had used the module of 35 KEN and the technique of the vista. 4) .Its characters of the plotting had degraded on the ground of the inconsiderate'town planning. 5) The single lot plotting in the block had changed into the double lot plotting, over and above this, it has changed into the plotting the four side. 6) Its variation has produced the back sites and the alleys, in no small numbers. And the strong correlation between the back sites and the alleys was confirmed.
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KYOUNGOK PARK, TERUO MOCHIDA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
98-105
Published: September 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The objectives of this study are to research the characteristics of spaces through the comparison in physical aspects and living aspects of the two house plan patterns between the YOUNGNAM region type and the SOUTH-EAST region type in Korea. 84 floor plans, deep interview and questionnaire were examined for this study. Followings are the result of this study; (1) The house plan patterns of the two different regions both have a common 3-KAN plan type of the one-line plan. (2) The allocation of the storage space in the 3-KAN plan type and in the 4-KAN plan type of the two-line plan is different from one region to another. One is in the PUOK area and the other is in the CHAGUNBANG area. (3) The regularities of locating doors of the 3-KAN plan type and the 4-KAN plan type are different from one region to another. (4) The wide wooden floor (DECHUNG or CHUNGBANG) is located in the center of the 4-KAN plan type in both regions, and it is open-type in the YOUNGNAM region, whereas it is closed-type in the SOUTHEAST region. The usage of the MARU for the religious service in the same. (5) Most of rooms' [KUNBANG, CHAGUNBANG (MORIBANG), SARANGBANG] functions are similar as spaces for sleeping, eating, gathering, entertainment in the daily life and special occasions.
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HIROSHI SUZUKI, SHINGO TAMAKI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
106-115
Published: September 30, 1988
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The main purpose of this report is to analyze the numbers of public housing' s applicants after 1946. The second one is to analyze what social and economic factors had been affecting on the- numbers of the applicants for the public housing. ・ Conclusions are as follows, 1. The numbers of applicants had been on very high situation from 1946 to 1966, and they had been drastically decreasing from 1967 to 1978, and they have been staying on a stable situation after 1979. 2. That is, the characteristics of the public housing demands is largely divided into three periods after 1946. And, its characteristics have been reflected by the social and economic situation of the each times. 3. The applicants for the first class public housing have been playing more conclusive roles for the numbers of the applicants, while those for the second class public housing had not been so much varying. 4. It is the demand-supply relations in the housing market that had prescribed the numbers of applicants for the public housing, after the World War H. 5. However, after the second Oil Shock, 1978, the numbers of the applicants for the public housing have been staying under the low and stable situation. It suggests that public housing are now in new era.
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SHIGERU WAKAYAMA, TATSUO OKAJIMA, MASAYUKI SUGA, MASANORI OKUYAMA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
116-124
Published: September 30, 1988
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This report is a study on the image and constituent of the facade of modern Multi-Storied buildings. We classified the constituent of the facade of modern Multi-Storied buildings into 7 types (nonstandard, structure exposed, with the balcony, central opening, uneven opening, even opening, undistinguishable the opening and the wall). 30 scenes (exterior) of all types of that were evaluated by 34 students with 30 rating scales. Image factor analysis was applied to the data and yielded 4 main factors (simple-complexity, hard-soft, hori-zontal-vertical, friendly-indefferent). The facade of modern Multi-Storied building can be almost interpreted as 2 axes, simple-complexity axes and hard-soft axis.
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HIROYUKI NIWA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
125-130
Published: September 30, 1988
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In this paper, constructed perid and transition of the scale with time were studied for Shaka-Do (Buddha's hall) and Soshi-Do (Founder's hall) setted in foure temples of Myo-Hokkeji, Myohonji, Hondoji and Sogenji, by ancient documents. Tese temples were gived and preserved large scale Mandala by Nichiren. As the result, following items were appeared that 1. Constructed period of Shaka-Do was earlier than constructed period of Soshi-Do at three temples of Myo-Hokkeji, Hondoji and Sogenji. 2. The scale of Shaka-Do was larger than Soshi-Do, and 3. Shaka-Do had been arranged on the axis line of Nio-Mon, from the view point of arrangement of the Buddhist temple.
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Shunsuke KUROIWA, Michio MAEKAWA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 391 Pages
131-142
Published: September 30, 1988
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 391 Pages
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