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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Hisashi HIRAOKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
1-6
Published: January 25, 1993
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There are two problems on the radiation transfer model within plant canopy of Ross. One is that the model does not settle a problem of mutual shading. The other is a problem on accuracy in evaluating the scattering properties of a single leaf. At the present stage, it is practically impossible to computer the Ross'es model in which an exact scattering function of a single leaf is incorporated. In this paper the second problem on accuracy of a scattering function is examined with the data of Ranson. The practical utility of the Ross'es model on estimating a radiation field within plant canopies is verified by the present study.
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Hisashi HIRAOKA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
7-14
Published: January 25, 1993
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This paper reports a way to compute Differential Stress Model stably. Differential Stress Model belongs a kind of convection-diffusion equation with cross diffusion term. We showed how to determine a stable time step for an equation of this sort, based on the Hirt's heuristic stability analysis, with which a time step is calculated easily. The Hirt's method was supported by the Neumann's Fourier series analysis.
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Shinsuke KATO, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Yasushi KONDO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
15-20
Published: January 25, 1993
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In this paper, three-dimensional non-isothermal flowfield is simulated by the two types of turbulence models, the k-ε model and Algebraic stress model (hereafter abbreviated as ASM). These results are compared with the experimental ones. The predicted distributions of velocity, temperature and turbulent energy by ASM generally denote less steep gradients and agree with the experiment better than does the k-ε model. This advantage of ASM over the k-ε model is attributed mainly to the difference of the evaluation of the Reynolds stresses (u_iu_j) and the turbulent heat fluxes (u_jθ).
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Hironori WATANABE, Hirotoshi YODA, Toshio OJIMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
21-29
Published: January 25, 1993
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In this study, it was shown that the applied usage of the geographical information and a mapping method of multi-temporal earth surface temperature distributions for wider city area, and it was compared with Landsat IR data. First, earth surface temperatures were measured severally by portable infrared thermometer to set measured times to the overpass time of Landsat. Variations of surface temperatures for 24 hours at intervals of one hour in. summer days were drawn. Land use index was corresponded with its land cover, and applied measured surface temperatures to land use data. So earth surface temperature distribution maps were drawn. Next, map by using Landsat data was compared with one by using geographical information, and effectualness was investigated.
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Satoshi SUDO, Toshio OJIMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
31-40
Published: January 25, 1993
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The first purpose of this paper is to clear the relation between the number of houses and the leveling-down of loads. And the second is to clear the leveling-down of loads in mixed-use buildings. To evaluation the leveling-down of loads, we defined "mean load factor" and "diversity factor". With using these factors, we shows the conclusions as follows : With the increase the number of houses, "mean load factor" grows. But, if the number of houses goes over 15〜20, its change comes small. And we found out the optimal ratio of the mixed-use buildings between houses and offices.
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Tomoko YAMADA, Yasuhiro ENDOH
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
41-50
Published: January 25, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors which induce the various human living values in the neibouring environment. It may be assumed that interrelationship between environment and community creates such values. We concerned with the maintenance process in the shared space of co-operative housing 'Ajirogi-yokochoh' where the residents' participation has been made both in the planning and in the management. In conclusion, the sense of community is changeable but one of the factors which renew the satisfactory community is the diverse meanings of socializing in the process of improving the environment.
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Eisaku HIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
51-57
Published: January 25, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the fact and the need of separating Reception Area from Family Living Area in a house, especialy to analyse the relation between the levels of the separation and the degree of urbanization, the relation between the levels of the separation and the age-grades, and the change of zoning pattern caused by the increase of bed rooms, using statistical method. Result : (1) There is a significant correlativity between the level of separating and the degree of urbanization. (2) The level of separating in young age is lower than in old age.
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Yasuaki ONODA, Akitoshi MATUMOTO, Minoru KANNO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
59-69
Published: January 25, 1993
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The aim of this paper is (to clarify the definition and the actual situation of "Culture Halls". Especially this paper gives weight to the relation between thier condition in utilization and the classification of the municipalities where they are. We classified the municipalities with the population and the centrality of them. The results of this study are summarized as follow : 1. The total number of facilities that have "Culture Halls" is 1545 on March 1988 in Japan. 2. Those halls were used for 176.8 days, a year on a avarage in the fiscal year 1987. 3. The number of used days were depend on the population and the centrality of the municipalities.
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Shun WATANABE, Hitoshi WATANABE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
71-78
Published: January 25, 1993
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This paper describes that how all architectural elements are classified and represented with the human recognition methods such as extension, attribute and intension from the stand point of cognitive science, and then considers relations between representation of architectural elements and their shape, definition of their existence in the space, and dynamism of architectural design process. For design synthesis, knowledge-based model of design is needed which has the structure in the framework for representing knowledge, and we proposed the prototype of architectural integrated fneta-model in the object-oriented paradigm. In this model, all architectural elements are represented with above classification rules, and many design processes can be formalized as human desingers do.
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Masahiro CHATANI, Koji YAGI, Kyungin KANG, Narihisa TAMURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
79-86
Published: January 25, 1993
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This paper presents a form evaluation of Precast Concrete Curtain Wall (CW) components considered from the standpoint of difficulties in fabrication as affected by forms. Seventy five CW components of differing forms utilized in fifty six high rise buildings in the Tokyo Area were selected and used as speciments. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), evaluation criteria based on the level of complexity of CW forms, with corresponding numerical values were established, and together with the analysis of the relation between the form and its measurements, a mathemathical formula for estimating cost of fabrication was proposed and tried, with the result showing the validity of the formula in projecting cost.
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He Gyung JUNG, Hitoshi WATANABE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
87-97
Published: January 25, 1993
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In order to know the behavior of the customer in the concorse, we surveyed the Seoul Station from 8:00 am to 7:00 pm on a Sunday in August. The contents of this survey are 1. number of customers 2. distribution of customers 3. staying of customers 4. service of the ticket 5. number of customers at the restaurant 6. walking speed. And we found some differences of the architectural planning from Japanese Station, and found some problemes of the planning at the concorse in Seoul Station.
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Ki SEO, Hiroshi DOHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
99-109
Published: January 25, 1993
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The object of this study is to obtain the fundamental knowledge on the space of campuses through the analysis and definition of the relative factors of its spatial composion and variations. This paper deals with the results of spatial composition of Korean Campuses. Eight types, (street-axis, street-axis dispersion, square connection, building connection, street area-non axis, mixture-non axis) were extracted through the analysis of classification which depend on the similarity of spatial composition of 70 universities, 76 campuses in Korea, and on the three factors-(axis, grouping, circulation)-that cause to frame the spatial composition. In last part, we discuss about the cirtain point of likeness and peculiarity between Japanese and Korean campuses. First, we found consistency of fundamental composition of space, both in Japanese and Korean campuses not with standing the process of various transformation. And secondely the peculiarity of gradual apperance and alternation in Japan, in contrast with rapid apperance and alternation in Korea.
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Okinori TANIGUCHI, Yasushi ONO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
111-120
Published: January 25, 1993
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As far as a landscape concerned, it is general that a landscape is articulated into elements and to operate or control those elements is to construct a landscape. But I clarified these view contains a certain misunderstanding coming from a natural scientific view. In a landscape, landscape elements are multi-storied, as if we can say each elment contains a whole landscape. As a case : study, this is made explicit in a landscape of Fukuyama city located in the centre of Seto Inland Sea in Japan. This view signifies a posibility to solve a contradiction and disunity in a landscape evaluation in their root.
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Yoshio YASHIRO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
121-131
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This paper describes the fault tree model of progress of the fire phases from a point of view of lifesafety in building fire and the modes of progress which are defined with the model. I analyzed processes of the actual building fires with the fault tree, and understood characteristics of the processes of the fires. These buildings had faults about structure of fire protection measures, these were the types of progress connected between the fire phases by some basic factors. I propose the idea of planning of firesafety with the fault tree model.
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Juichi YAMAZAKI, Tsutomu SHIGEMURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
133-141
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This paper examines the land use during the age of slash-and-burned method of cultivation in Nakakubo hamlet. And it analyzes the establishing process of land-ownership. Through this analysis, this paper defines the structure of three basic territories related to land use and land-distribution, and also explains their characters. There is a existence of a strong community rule of equality between each household. The rule of equality is clearly manifested in the land-distribution. As the result, this paper concluded that the hamlet's social structure is reflected on land use formation.
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Koya SAKAHARA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
143-149
Published: January 25, 1993
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In this paper, as the basic data for planning the multiple-use facilities in rural areas, we show the frame for-estimating the number of users for each the activities - gathering, studying and sports - from a viewpoint of the town and village unit. And then we show the relations between various data and a method of estimating the number of users.
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Yoshihisa TAKEBAYASHI, Toshio OJIMA, Kimiya MURAKAMI, Takashi HASEGAWA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 443 Pages
151-158
Published: January 25, 1993
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This research attempts to investigate the required performance of the buildings. The construction cost is the major factor which represents the level of the required performance. The change of construction cost is assumed to be caused by two factors, the change of the unit cost itself and the change of the required performance. The analytic method of the required performance is finally proposed by the data analysis of the change of construction cost by using these two factors. Also, an example of the analysis of the office building by using this method is shown.
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 443 Pages
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