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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 354 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1985
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 354 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1985
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 354 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1985
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Article type: Index
1985 Volume 354 Pages
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TAKASHI YANO, ASATO KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
1-10
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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A laboratory study was carried out to investigate disturbance and noisiness of periodically non-steady noises in four task conditions. Totally 326 subjects participated in experiments. There were two main variables : the range of level fluctuation was from 0 to 40 dB and the repetition rate varied from 0. 25 to 4 Hz. The noises were exposed at two levels, 60 and 70dB L_<eq>. Task conditions were articulation test, intelligibility test, calculation, and reading, and their exposure durations were respectively about 6, 8, 3, 2.5 minutes. The task performance was investigated and the relation between disturbance or noisiness and performance was also discussed. The conclusions are summarized as follows. 1) In task conditions in which task performance is significantly affected by noises, disturbance and noisiness are influenced considerably by performance and have high correlation with it. 2) In task conditions in which task performance is not significantly affected by noises, disturbance and noisiness increase with range of level fluctuation. 3) In the same conditions as 2), the effect of repetition rate was not reasonably found, but consistently disturbance or noisiness tends to rise at 1 Hz in the case of triangular noises and drop at 1 Hz in rectangular noises. 4) It is considered that the complex effect of repetition rate as mentioned above is contributed by the interference of concentration on task and the rhythm of task exept for the effect of fluctuation factors.
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SHUICHI HOKOI, TETSUO IKEDA, GORO HORIE
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
11-21
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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It is necessary to have thermal conductivity of a moist material in order to understand the inner condensation in building walls, heat and moisture transfer in walls and ground wetted by rain. In this paper, the meaning of thermal conductivity of a moist porous material is discussed, based on the theory of heat and mass transfer. The steady state method and the periodic method are considered to be the normal measuring methods, and the meaning of thermal conductivities measured by them is analysed. The equation which gives the errors induced by moisture movement is proposed for the periodic method based on the perturbation method. This equation gives the measurement error in terms of the material properties.
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SHUICHI HOKOI, TETSUO IKEDA, GORO HORIE
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
22-31
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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In this paper, thermal conductivity of a moist material is measured by the periodic method, based on the results of the preceding paper. Necessary conditions for reliable measurements, such as the time necessary for achieving stationary state, amplitude and angular velocity of the input surface temperature, etc., are investigated. Based on these results, temperature conductivity (which include moisture movement) of wood fibreboard is measured for several different temperatures and water contents. The results show that thermal conductivity λ* increases rapidly with water content from 0.06 (kcal/mh℃) when air dried, to 0.18 at 200 % water content. Furthermore, it increases with the mean temperature and the rate of change is rather large. This increase is mainly because of the temperature variation of vapour diffusivity D_<TV>. which is a component of λ*. Making use of this fact, the value of D_<TV> and λ (the value with no moisture movement) were gotten separately from the results obtained.
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KAZUO EMURA, HEIZO SAITO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
32-41
Published: August 30, 1985
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The work which is a field measuring and estimation method for the total heat loss coefficient of rooms, so called KA, has been developed by Prof. Y. Matsuo previously, and it is confirmed experimentally by the authors that the method has a good enough accuracy for the present purpose such as to estimate the total heat loss coefficient only. But also it is expected to expand the method to be able to estimate the directional heat loss coefficients separately according to each orientation. In this paper, it was shown that authors succeeded in estimating the directional heat loss coefficients (so called K) by using the condensed orthogonal out-door weather effects, also to estimate the KA value with much higher stability than the previous method.
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MIDORI NOMURA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
42-49
Published: August 30, 1985
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In the schools for the handicapped, far developed grouping is found compared with the legal one, even in the schools with restrictive classes of 7 by 7 m built in uniform condition. This report mentions analysis about the relation with grouping/space in this situation and also grouping patterns for learning and H. R. activities in the future planning of the school for the handicapped.
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HIROKUNI TANIGUCHI, MASAHIKO KUMAGAI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
50-60
Published: August 30, 1985
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On the basis of research, the study is to classify the degree of functional interdependence according to user's common activities and to find the physical configuration characteristics of functional common space between facilities. The main results derived from analysis on these investigations are as follows : (1) User's activities in public social facilities are classified into 8 groups from the viewpoint of functional interdependence. (2) The common function between facilities are reading, study and assembly in which room sizes range from 30 m^2 to 80 m^2. (3) Mixed-use functional models are shown to be of three types from the viewpoint of functional interdependence and operational collaboration. (4) In the case where common functions between facilities are reading, study and assembly, such space accounts for generally more than a quarter of the total space available for user's activities. (5) Areas of spaces used for management, circulation, mechanical-electrical equipment, storage and service, which are common functions between the facilities, have a linear proportional relation to total floor areas.
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NOBUKO MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
61-69
Published: August 30, 1985
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This paper is the second paper of a continual study titled above. In this paper, the dwelling circumstance of the aged in Higashimukoujima area of Tokyo has been investigated as an example of the mixed residential area, Shitamachi. Main contents of this paper are as follows : 1) The dwelling circumstance of the aged is influenced by the holding of real estate and its holding condition. A characteristic point is that the aged who live in the combination of a workshop and a house are playing a leading part in community life. Most of them have a family network in community area. 2) The aging household people needs the livelihood assistance and community care. Most of them who live in the wooden apartment house can not settle down. This shows a typically present housing problem on the aged. 3) On the other hand, most of the aged in Higashimukoujima area settle down and live with a heir's family. The primary factors that made them possible to settle down and form community relation in the area are follows : 1. Residents have lived for long time. 2. Most of them have takan their occupation in this area. 3. They have made community life. 4. They have had family netwovk. 5. In this area the existence of the various housing types has satisfied the various family's honsing needs.
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YUHJI KUSUMOTO, NORITOSHI AOYANAGl
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
70-77
Published: August 30, 1985
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We wonder how the people who reside in rural areas consider their surrounding landscape ? This study was carried out for the purpose of researching into "Rural Landscape Planning Methods" in which we investigated the people in rural areas concerning the sense of beauty and preferred types of landscapes by using a questionnaire. As a result of this report, "Rural Landscape" was classified into four types of images by rural residents : "Traditional Paddy-fields Rural Landscape", "Agricultural Landscape", "Present Facilityscape" and "Disorderly Rural Landscape". According to our estimation, there are distinct differences in each local place which are caused by natural features, impact of urbanization and execution of rural development.
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HIROSHI AIZAWA, JUN OKAMURA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
78-86
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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The present paper follows the previous one which developed a new method for the evaluation of village communities by analysing statistically 64, 000 villages with 74 indicators which were taken from the agricultural census. In this article, the authors try to extend this method by incorporating social indicators concerning the social structure of village communities and the social behabiour of the residents. Fifty-two social indicators were identified around the following four main themes : the independence of individual farmers and their communities, the solidality of communities within and their unity with the outlying communities, the vitality of agriculture and community life, and the maintenace system of community and family life. Two thousands villages were chosen from three prefectures (Yamagata, Kanagawa and Kagoshima) which had different agricultural and social structures. A component analysis was used to classify the villages and the three main components obtained : first component : vitality of community and its ability to form groups second component : community autonomy and solidality in a traditional sense third component : intention to promote agriculture The second component was prescribed to a large extent by the conditions of villages such as the proximity to DID (Densely Inhabited District) towns and the population density, while the first and third components were hardly affected by those conditions. The results indicate that the vitalisation of village communities and the promotion of agriculture are possible throgh the introduction of rural and agricultural planning or through community's own effort.
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HIROSHI AIZAWA, AKEMI AKANUMA, NOBUO MITSUHASI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
87-96
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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This study aims to examine the purpose, process and location of land acquisition by farmers. Two villages with different land ownership patterns were chosen for investigation, and the transformation process of land ownership from the Meiji era to the present time was traced. The results show that, firstly, the transformation of ownership often took place in response to the introduction of land legislation which came out at a time of social unrest. Secondly, within an area which formed a social and physical unit with a cluster of houses at the center, the land located close to the homes was highly owned by farmers living within and this proportion became much lower around the village boundary, thus forming a circular distribution of ownership density with the cluster as the center. Thirdly, farmers acquired land which was located either close to their home or to their land, so that their holdings could be consolidated. Fourthly, although the Agricultural Land Reform of 1947, which was the major force in the whole land transformation process, contributed to some extent to the narrowing of class differentiation of the farming population, this was only in terms of the size of holdings and there still remain differences in other terms such as the level of the consolidation of holdings and their nearness to the home.
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AKIRA SATO
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
97-104
Published: August 30, 1985
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As compared with structural engineering, building technique has been rather neglected in studies of the history of modern archiecture. Formerly Hermione Hobhouse offered her opinion that 'the period 1820 to 1850 was one of technical advance in the building industry' and she connected the rise of Victorian master builder with the gradual mechanization of the industry. Yet her opinion seems to have been disregarded in later writings. What is necessary now is the survey of realities. This series of papers attempts to throw light upon the technique of the mid-19th century with the relevant facts appeared in professional journals, technical literature, Parliamentary Papers and so on. The first of these surveys the course of invention and introduction of stone-working machinery.
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HIROSHI ADACHI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
105-116
Published: August 30, 1985
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Dr. Goichi Takeda (1872-1938) was one of the most important architects working from the Meiji to Showa era. During the early years of his career, he is recognized as being a traditionalist. Nippon Kangyo Bank in Tokyo, his first work, is famous for being the first attempt at designing with the language of Japanese tradinional Styles. On the other hand, he is known for introducing and interpeting the European Modern Movement into Japan at the turn of the century. Tracing his eary essays and works chronologically, this paper deals with the relationship between his views of architecture as traditoinalist and those as a pioneer of new styles.
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KENJI SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
117-126
Published: August 30, 1985
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This paper concerns itself with particular Hatamoto houses based on the plans as originally drawn up in the middle Edo period. The status of the each dweller Hatamoto was determined. While the paper analyzes various aspects of the main building, it particularly focuses on Zashiki (the Tatami mat rooms which included the Tokonoma or alcove), as well as examines fundamental characteristics and development of the Hatamoto houses.
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TATSUO MIYAMOTO, MITSUYOSHI TSUCHIDA
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
127-136
Published: August 30, 1985
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This paper is discussed on the age of construction and the character of the seven western style houses in Nagasaki foreign settlement. Conclusion as follows. 1. These seven houses were constructed from 1894 to 1897. Its conclusion is led from the drawing maps of those days. 2. We pointed out that these houses have the character of rented houses from studying the distinctive feature of them. Its feature is different from the feature of the general house, for example the Glover's residence. 3. And also we want to add to that these houses are very important on the studying the houses in the middle of Meiji Era of the Nagasaki foreign settlement.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
137-
Published: August 30, 1985
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1985 Volume 354 Pages
138-
Published: August 30, 1985
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Article type: Bibliography
1985 Volume 354 Pages
139-
Published: August 30, 1985
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Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 354 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 354 Pages
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