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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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Published: June 30, 1993
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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Shin-ichi TANABE, Yae HASEBE
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
1-8
Published: June 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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Control principle and evaluation method for thermal environment with the thermal manikin are described in this paper. Under the still air conditions, nude and clothed thermal manikin was exposed to measure skin temperatures and heat loss. Combined heat transfer coefficient for nude conditions were estimated and they were not depended on the surrounding temperatures and its averaged value was 7.9 W/m^2℃. Those at foot and hand were bigger than other parts and thigh and crotch were smaller. The method to calculate PMV from total heat loss was described. Estimation of clo value from heat loss, skin temperature of manikin, and equivalent temperature were discussed here.
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Fumiko SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
9-14
Published: June 30, 1993
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This is to report the result of measurements carried out in two collective house buildings in Tohoku District on fungi and mites allergen in house dust. Fungi were counted after cultivation on Agar plates. Mites allergens were determined for Derf I, Derp I and Der II by immuno-chemical method. The fungi counts in February and September in A building showed no significant difference. Derp I did not have a definite tendency and Derf I and Der II showed very high values in September compared with those in February. The correlation between mites allergen and fungi was not observed and the correlation between mites allergen, fungi and the temperature, humidity was not found either.
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Weijun GAO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
15-27
Published: June 30, 1993
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The effect of the urban structures on the thermal environment is theoretically examined. The results show that the land use in the urban area can greatly change the urban thermal environment. Although a large bulk ratio in the building area may result in a higher air temperature during the day, the open space with a green area (lower plot ratio) can mitigate the thermal environment to some extent. Furthermore a thermal evaluation of an urban renewal project is made, which suggests that the local climate could be improved and the energy use could become much more effective.
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Tohru KAWAHARA, Satoru SADOHARA, Toshio OJIMA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
29-38
Published: June 30, 1993
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This study examines in which area in Tokyo 23 wards it is possible to introduce District Heating & Cooling with hot water. District Heating & Cooling with hot water tends to increase as utility of unused energy has increased. These area ware selected at the following three points; 1) efficiency of heat transportation 2) balance of the demand for heat according to the temperature 3) Possibility of heat recovery in case of using heat pump.
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Hiroshi AIZAWA, Asako TUDA, Atushi SAITOU
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
39-48
Published: June 30, 1993
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This paper aims to investigate conditions of preservative improvement in view of change of landuse and mixture of residential use and the others. In analysis, we adopted the town unit overlaped byuse-zones, and reveal problems in built-up houses area according to change of land use and its relation to legal control. Following results were obtained : 1) Residential zoning is valid only to category l exclusive residential district. Category 2, residential use and neighbourhood commercial district are similar to each other. 2) Results of categorizing district by land use point out that built-up houses area is regarded as the structure; 'residential-commercial' or 'dwelling-undwelling'. 3) Current legal control prescribes land use, but not the direction of its change.
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Mariko SONODA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
49-58
Published: June 30, 1993
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between detached houses for nuclear families and those for stem-families. This study uses data from the investigations of newly-constructed detached houses which were financed by the Goverment Housing Loan in 1987. The summary of the results is as follows; 1) There is a tendency for houses for stem-families to have greater floor area, more dwelling rooms, and more tatami rooms. 2) A greater number also have a tsuzuki-ma (2 or more tatami rooms which can easily be joined by opening sliding-ponel doors) and a Buddhist altar. 3) 15 % of aged persons have their own rooms with a private kitchen and/or toilet, the rest have only their own rooms that are ordinary tatami rooms.
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Katsuhiko YASHIRO, Masahiro CHATANI, Koji YAGI, Toshiaki NAKAZAWA, Aki ...
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
59-69
Published: June 30, 1993
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Chinese cave dwellings, or YAO DONG, are generally regarded as a primitive type of architecture, being primarily constructed of earth. However, a YAO DONG is centered around the courtyard, which is a spatial characteristic common to Chinese architecture. The objective of this paper is to describe regional variations in Chinese cave dwellings (YAO DONG). In order to achieve this, the way in which the structure of various pit dwellings evolve through time is analyzed. In conclusion, the region in which pit type dwellings are distributed, the southern part of the Loess Platean, is divided into two areas. The courtyard space of dwellings found in the western area can be described as being of the expandable type, while those in the eastern area may be said to be fixed.
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Yasushi KASAJIMA, Shoji IMAI, Soichiro MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
71-79
Published: June 30, 1993
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This paper aims to make research on the desire of between the housework (to fold linen and to iron) spaces and LDK-planning types, a number of bedrooms in Open-zone, drawing-rooms, children's rooms and so on. The questionnaire on 764 samples in 17 planning type, 3 LDK and 4 LDK, shows such results as follows. The location of the housework spaces is influenced from the floor space of LDK-rooms. In many cases, the housework is chosen of next a south balcony, Japanese-style room in Open-zone. It is repulsed with children's rooms at elder life stages, and drawing-rooms through the all life stages.
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Katsuki YOKOYAMA, Yurika IMAI, Takashi TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
81-89
Published: June 30, 1993
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Fundamental argument of this paper lies on the differentiation between the two aspects of architectural space : that as geometrically represented entity and that as cognitive entity in our mind. An experimental analysis here showed that several different floor plans can be drawn from single cognitive description of real architectural space written in an essay. Further analysis on 70 plans drawn by the subjects in the experiment showed that there underlies a certain sort of structured "orientation system" for each drawing, which is constructed from the perceived "directions" of verious parts. Based on this result, the authors tried to reinterpret a series of previous contributions to cognitive map studies and to highlight a cognitive aspect of architectural drawings.
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Kahoru KITAURA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
91-97
Published: June 30, 1993
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We have video recorded the kitchen work three days in ten houses and then we analyzed them. Working time around the sink is about 200 minutes and not affected by sink types or days of the week, and about half of it is the working time in the sink. The working time is related to the food kinds number which shows the quality of the menu, and average times of washing and opening faucets are closely related. Almost all water is not used for drink. The working time is mainly affected by quality index like food kinds number rather than quantity index like number of a family members.
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I-jyh WEN, Shigetomo KIKUCHI, Terukazu TAKESHITA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
99-110
Published: June 30, 1993
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Complex land ownership and disordered self-grown residential areas have formed an obstacle for the development of rural residences in Taiwan. Therefore, a series of improvement programs have been executed by the government that focus on land readjustment, planned renewal of houses and the improvement of public facilities in rural residential areas. But the intended effects have not been reached because of lacks in the legislation and different expectations between residents and government. In this paper, we inspect the results of the improvement programs to understand what problems are still unsolved. Futhermore, we try to consider how to improve rural residences by analyzing the demands of the residents.
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Koya SAKAHARA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
111-119
Published: June 30, 1993
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In this paper, on the basis of our former frame for estimating of the number of users for gathering, studying and sports from a viewpoint of the town and village unit, we show the figure of the indexes for estimating the number of the users. And then, we report the results of our application of this method to the 3 towns and villages. The results show that our estimated numbers were nearly the same as those of the actual users. This means that we could apply this estimating method the actual planning.
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Yasuo HIBATA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
121-130
Published: June 30, 1993
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This paper deals with how microscopic land-use changes, such as rebuilding in a site and use conversion of residential building floor, influence on the size of population and household members in the inner urban area of Tokyo. Based on the case study of Zinguh-mae Chiku district, in Yamanote Sub-Centers Belt Zone, we predict how the number of residents will decrease for the next twenty years if existing microscopic land-use changes would continue. Through matrix model we discuss how public intervention would cause impact on the change of land and floor use.
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Takashi OMI, Keiji KITAHARA, Shinya SATO
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
131-138
Published: June 30, 1993
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We reported previously on regional character and common aspects of condominium development in nine cities. Mainly focusing on architecture. In this study we took up the issue of the previous landuse of the condominium sites. We divided landuse into 2 parts : the development of already existing housing property and the development of previously non-housing property. We studied a character of the architecture, changes in property ownership, and regional differences. As a resuit, we found differences between properties in the center of the megalopolis and those in satellite cities. We found that the ownership of properties in the center of the magalopolis didn't change as much as the ownership of properties in satellite cities.
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Akira TAKAI
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
139-149
Published: June 30, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to present a reconstitution of a building from the 1557 Hinokuma-Kunikakasu-jingu main shrine. The present drawings are based on writings dated 1557, parts of the Kii-Zoku-Fudoki and the three drawings from the medieval period. We have found that the 1557 reconstruction of the main shrine (a width of 7 bay and a depth of 5 day) is one size larger than the present main shrine (a width of 5 bay and a depth of 3 bay). Further, from the Hinokumagu-Nenju-Shinjiki, written in 1399, we can infer, for example, the location of the "naigu", the "gyokuden" and the"midan". We found that the 14th century and 16th century constructions had also many points in common.
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Meiji FUJITA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
151-158
Published: June 30, 1993
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To reveal the social character of a medieval Japanese city, here, I introduce two reconstructions of Sadaie Fujiwara residence and its environs based on Sadaie's Diary, "Meigetsu-ki". One is 4 site plan indicating lands purchased by Sadaie. The other shows the plan and location of Sadaie Residence and outlines of its surrounding buildings. In accordance with there reconstructions, the social image of this community would be suggested. Amongst feudal lords, landowners and house possessors, there were many artisans and merchants lodged at row-houses without legal superficies. After the Kamakura Era, they obtained leasehold rights and the row-houses were devided by several owners.
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Masatsugu NISHIDA
Article type: Article
1993 Volume 448 Pages
159-170
Published: June 30, 1993
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A schematic plan of a cistercian church in the sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt has been vaguely assigned to a prototype of cistercian church plan with the rectangular ambulatory. But the rectangular ambulatory is a distinctive creation of English mediaval architecture. While the plan of Morimond, with the rectangular ambulatory, is similar to Villard's plan, it has never been considered as a prototype. The "Bernardian plan" is largely recognized as a prototype, but the rectangular ambulatory never appears there. In this article, taking up three types of the cistercian chevet plan concerning the rectangular ambulatory, a typological analysis was made to clarify a characteristic of the Villard's plan. This paper verified that Villard's plan was unique among the cistercian church plans.
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Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 448 Pages
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