In the case of condensation problems from the standpoint of prevention of condensation damage, it is fundamentaly necessary to forecast the distribution of moisture content in building walls. But it has been seen that the theory of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in materials had never been fully established because of the complexity of the transfer mechanism and the difficulty of determining transfer coefficients and of performance of detailed experiments. Our purpose in this paper is to establish the equation which can predict the process of condensation. The results investigated in Part 1 of this paper can be summarized as follows. (1) Based on the fundamental equations of heat, water vapour and water liquid transfer in materials, the simultaneous heat and moisture transfer equations to be investigated were presented. (2) The principles of determination and the measuring methods suitable for building materials for all transfer coefficients contained in the equations were clarified. (3) The new method of separation of moisture conductivity, which was one of transfer coefficients, into vapour and liquid components was proposed. (4) Based on the measuring methods, all transfer coefficients were measured for soft wood fibreboard as a building material.

View full abstract

In this study, the river environment was chosen as the subject to consider comfortable water enviornment in region. And we have the aim to clarify the relation between the properties of river environment and people's opinions. This paper which is analysed the evaluation of living environment on the basis of questionnaire executed to the regional dwellers is the first installment of this study. The contents are as follows : 1) The Nagara, the Chikugo and the Shimanto basins were chosen as the subject to the study. We showed the properties of the three rivers and regional indexs of 9 municipalities in the upper, the middle and the lower reaches. 2) We showed the people's opinions in each region with 45 items for each evaluation of components of living environment. 3) Selecting 6 factors by the factor analysis with 45 items, we clarified the trends of evaluation with the average factor scores in each region. 4) Using 5 items for comprehensive evaluation of living environment, we showed the results of the people's opinions in each region. And we analysed the relation between comprehensive and each evaluation, using the Quantity theory cluster II and III. 5) We analysed the relation between comprehensive evaluation of living environment and properties of answerers of questionnaire, using the Quantity theory cluster III. 6) Using the average factor scores and the average scores of comprehensive evaluation in each region, we showed the correlation matrix on the 6 factors and 5 items above mentioned. Furthermore, we showed the relation between the average factor scores and the selected regional indexes.

View full abstract

The problem of this study is to find out whether there is a sign system in suburban home landscape. Housing functions not only for use but also for sign which has effect on mentality of human life. But in a recentry according as the variety of construction become divergent, the type of housing stops to be visible and disorder among the visual forms disturbs the aim of housing area planning because planning is generally consisting in a conventional code which provides a proper signification for a type. With this in mind, this paper trys to make up a code through analyzing the correlativity among visual aspects or features collected from 120 detached houses. As a result of quantifying analysis based on matrix of binary features, the auther concludes that several types are visible on two significant units, i.e. [sightplan] [fasade].

View full abstract

Life table has been developed as a very useful tool in demography. Although some kinds of table like marriage life table have already been made, family life tabel which is closely related to housing has not yet been available. In this paper using demographic method, a new concept of Family Life Table is proposed based on Marriage Life Table 1970, Vital Statistics 1970, 1970 Population Census of Japan. Family Life Table is consisted of three parts : Basic, Divorced and Widowed, and Remarriage. Basic part, dealing with couples both first married is a starting table of the others. It is a fundamental part, which is treated in this paper. The main foundings in this research on Family Life Table are as follows. (1) 90 % of cohort couples have a first child without divorced or widowed, and 80 % of couples experience it within 3 years of marriage. (2) 70 % of cohort couples keep married untill their first child grow over 18 years old. (3) The number of one-person households resulting from divorced or widowed without a child amount about 11 100 for wife, 9 500 for husband out of 100 000 after 60 years of marriage. (4) 66 % of cohort couples experience their first child's marriage without divorced or widowed. (5) Males divorced or widowed are easier to remarry than females. Divorced persons are more likely to remarry than those who widowed. The rate reaches about 75 % for males and 45 % for females, of which accumulated number of remarriage is devided by that of divorced and widowed one-person households, and that of father with child (ren) reaches about 65 %, mother with child (ren) reaches 20 %.

View full abstract

Mixed land use areas form local society of setting down permanently. On the contrary, it is the fact that in this society the change of abode and occupation always appear. Partly there are some persons who move in and out. In this study some points below are analyzed. (1) The ratio of the change of abode and occupation in mixed land use areas. (2) The sphere of the change of abode and occupation. (3) The change of local character by the occupation at the moving

View full abstract

In order to conserve and rearrange urban environmental conditions at district level with the paticipation of it's residents, it is necessary to get informations through surveys of conciousness of the people and catch their needs and elaborate the rational and efficient plans to meet their requirements. Ohta word area in Tokyo was selected as an exmple of this study and basic informations of residents' appraisal for the environmental conditions through questionnaire including appraisal in total and in each 17 sub items such as air polution noise, etc., together with related data on physical and socio-economic conditions of each sub di,strict were collected. Brief results of quantitative analysis in basic structures of appraisal for their living environment are as follows. (1) Factors of physical and socio-economic indicators of the area are much more contributive than that of household indicators given by face sheet data of the questionnaire against total evalution value. (2) Spatial structure of residents' appraisal for environmental conditions at district level consists of the three sub levels as 4-5 blocks, one sub district, 2-3 sub districts or one district and people are giving their appraisal to major environmental items such as air polution, noise, disaster, green, and traffic safety, in sub district level. (3) Contributive order of every appraisal item was clarified according to each six catagories of district.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to make clear characteristics of small city in the provinces (SCP) . Results are summarized as follows. (1) SCP is defined according to 3 facters ; namely it was established through merger of old administrative areas called "kyuson" by lawful procedure In 1953, its size is not much over population 50.000 which is standard to be city, and it locates in the provinces. (2) SCP is characterized not by population but concentration of inhabitants and industrializing highly. (3) Comparing SCP with same size city which had existed before merger of old administrative areas, SCP has less charactevistics which are required to city. (4) Inside SCP, regional differentiation is observed. In a kyuson which became centre of SCP, new administrative machinery of whole city area was establised, so it has become urbanized area, on the contrary other kyusons abolished its administrative machinery, then have become hinterland of the city. (5) In a prospect of this study, transition of regional differentiation should be made clear, in view of influence of merger or abolishment of administrative machinery and other public facilities.

View full abstract

Before mid-19th century, several-kinds of wood-working machines appeared. The process of introduction of them was reflected in carpenters' and joiners' movement of those days. They were used extensively in large general builders' works as well as in many saw-mills.

View full abstract

It is possible to find many examples of medieval architecture preserved in ordinary structures in Nepal, but it is the Darbar palace in the cities of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhadgaon in the Kathmandu Valley, which best perpetuate the traditional style of Nepalese architecture. This article considers the architectural function of the towers called Mandir or Bhawan-which are a major architectural feature of palace construction, in an attempt to clarify their historical character. As a result, I was able to draw out the following conclusion : The towers lay have two functions. One is to serve as a temple structure, of which the style is supposed to go back to the sixteenth century (Malla Dynasty). This is case, for example, of the Degutalle of Patan Darbar. The other function is to act either as living quarters or as a political monument comparable in aim, to the Japanese Castle. The style of this kind of structures dates back to the eighteenth century (Shah Dynasty) and we find an example of them in the Basantapur Bhawan in Kathmandu Darbar. Even though the present study was based only on the evidence of the remaining palace buildings, we have records of the existece of the two types of towers even before the period corresponding to the Malla Dynasty.

View full abstract

Tanzan-Jinja is one of important shrines in the history of Japanese architecture on account of its characteristic plan and style. I showed in my monograph the following facts. 1. 'Ikken-shimen bisashi' plan of this shrine probably traces back to 914. 2. The style of 'Kasuga-zukuri' may have been used in 914. 3. The plan may have a distinctive feature of 'Miedo' (a hall which installs a portrait) as which this shrine was built originally.

View full abstract

It is one of the characteristic features of traditional KOREAN houses that the part with raised floor is composed of MALU and ONDOL. In this paper, the period of generalization of ONDOL among upper class residences is certified to be in the 18th century through literary evidences, and the historical issues regarding KOREAN domestic architecture is discussed.

View full abstract

The aim of this paper is to clarify the existence and origin of yagura-yashiki (town house with tower) in joukamachi (castle town) ; which is found in the folding screens depicting the townscape of joukamachi . I considered yagura-yashiki in other joukamachi; Osaka, Tottori, Fushimi and so on, and recognized the facts that yagura-yashiki was built at the corner site in the center of joukamachi, and that at Osaka it was originaly built for the purpose of public use in the early Keichou period (1597-99). In the next paper I will consider the function and meaning of yagura- yashiki. Contents are as follows ; Preface 1. yagura-yashiki at Osaka 2. yagura-yashiki at Tottori, Fushimi and Aizu-wakamatsu 3. The origin of yagura-yashiki 4. Conclusion

View full abstract