Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 352 Pages Cover1-
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 352 Pages Cover2-
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1985 Volume 352 Pages Toc1-
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1985 Volume 352 Pages Toc2-
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_Toc2

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THE IMPULSIVE EFFECT AND THE PERCEIVED NOISINESS OF REPETITIVE IMPULSES

TETSUMI SATO, KIYOTO IZUMI

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 1-9
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_1

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It is known that most impulsive sounds are noisier than others with equal acoustical energy. The perceived noisiness of impulsive sounds, however, cannot satisfactorily be assessed by established methods. In order to clarify the nature of the perceived noisiness of repetitive impulses, three series of psycho-acoustical experiments were performed in an acoustically treated listening room. Six to eight trained subjects were requested to adjust the level of the continuous sound to the impulses to achieve the equal perceived noisiness in Experiment I , and were requested vice versa in Experiment II and III. Stimuli included fifteen time-patterns of electrically generated repetitive impulses. Several interesting findings were obtained by these experiments, which were organized in a proposal named the Perceived Noisiness Model of Repetitive Impulses 82-A. It consists of the energy effect and the impulsive effect, and is expressed as in the following formula. PSE = Leq + IE_<max>・exp(-α・RR)・exp(-β・DT)・(1 - exp(-γ・DR))・1/(1 + δ・exp(- ε・BBL)) where PSE=continuous sound levek of equal noisiness in dBA Leq=equivalent sound level in dBA RR=repetition rate per second DT=decay time in msec. DR=duration of each pulse in msec. BBL=background-to-burst level in dBA IE_<max>=hypothetical maximum value of impulsive effect in dBA α, β, γ, δ, ε=constants obtained by experiment

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A STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF VIBRATION TRANSMISSIBILITY OF CONCRETE FLOATING FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

SHO KIMURA, KATSUO INOUE, SHINJI NAKAZAWA

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 10-19
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_10

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In this paper we are concerned. with the concrete floating floor construction, which is one of the most promising ways to control floor impact sound. We try to calculate the effectiveness of this construction as precisely as possible by using the vibration transmissibility of the whole system. The calculation itself is as follows. We divide the whole system into the two parts -the upper part, which is made up of the mass of floating screed and spring of resilient material- and the lower part, which consists of the mass and the spring of concrete floor slab. We presuppose that either part is independent and complete of itself. That is, we are allowed to regard each part as a single degree-of-freedom vibration system. Then, we are in a position to calculate the vibration transmissibility of each part. Next, we convolute both transmissibilities in order to have total transmissibility of the whole system. In the process of calculation we combine the whole frequency range of the upper part, but only the first order of resonance frequency band of the lower part so that the calculation may realistic as well as reasonable. We justify our way of thinking by demonstrating that the calculated total transmibility appoximately equals to the one measured in a field experiment in the whole frequency range.

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THE ESTIMATION METHOD OF HOURLY GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION USING DURATION OF SUNSHINE, CLOUD COVER AND THE OTHER CLIMATIC ELEMENTS

HIROSHI AKASAKA

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 20-31
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_20

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The methods for estimation of hourly global solar radiation using the other climatic elements as predictor varibles are discussed in this paper. For this investigaion, mainly data measured at Kagoshima Meteorological Station during a year of 1975 were used. Hourly cloud cover and cloud type were chosen first in chapter 2 as predictor variables. It was concluded, however, that they were not effective estimation indices. The duration of sunshine over a long period is known to be correlated strongly with the global solar radiation of the corresponding period. In chapter 3 the question of whether the same relation also exists in hourly data was examined. The following results were obtained : The hourly global solar radiation can be represented by a linear function of the hourly extra-terrestrial insolation when the hourly duration of sunshine is given. And more effective relation between them can be obtained if hourly climatic information about the weather condition, the cloud cover or the vapor pressure as well as the duration of sunshine are available. From these conclusions, several equations for the estimation of hourly global solar radiation using these climatic elements were proposed. However, it is possible that the relationship of the global solar radiation data to the sunshine data measured in Kagoshima does not correlate to the relationship of global solar radiation data to sunshine data measured at other meteorological stations. This problem was considerd in chapter 4, and a method for the generalization of the formulae obtained in chapter 3 to the entire Japanese islands was proposed. In chapter 5, estimated values from the formulae were compared with the measured values.

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NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROOM AIR DISTRIBUTION BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

HIROSHI MATSUMOTO, FUSAO HASEGAWA, YASUO UTSUMI

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 32-40
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_32

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This paper describes the numerical analysis of room air distribution by the finite element method which can easily deal with any domain, the boundary conditions and so on. The two-equation model of turbulence (κ-ε model) is applied to the governing equations of room air, and the discretization of the basic equations is formulated by the penalty finite element method. which results in the replacement of the equation of continuity by u_<j,j>=-λ^<-1> p where λ>>1 is the penalty parameter. The finite element equations are solved by the partitioning method that the equations are partitioned into the momentum equation of the mean flow and the transport equations for turbulence kinetic energy k and that for turbulence energy dissipation rate ε, and the modified Newton method is employed in the iterative procedure. The accuracy and the stability of the scheme by the influence of the penalty parameter are examined for the two dimensional Poiseuille flow. Though the accuracy of the solutions is improved as the penalty parameter is increased, the large parameter makes the condition of the coefficient matrix ill and the numerical convergence is hard to be obtained for the computer. In this computational experiments the scheme has good accuracy even when λ=10^3. At last the numerical example of the three dimensional room model is carried out and the solutions are confirmed to be fully sufficient. As a result, the finite element method is effective for the prediction of the room air distribution.

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STUDY ON THE NEW HOME WARRANTY SYSTEMS : Investigation into the system of the Home Owners Warranty Corporation in the U. S. A.

KOUHEI MATSUMOTO

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 41-47
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_41

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The objective of the study reported herein is to examine the characteristics of the Home Owners Warranty (HOW) Program in the U. S. A. The principal characteristics of the HOW program are summerised as follows ; 1) The HOW program was developed in 1973 by the National Association of Home Builders on the investigation into the NHBC scheme between 1972 and 1973. This program aims not only to protect consumers from defective dwellings but also to supply knowhow of the home building business to the registered builders. 2) The builder's liability continues during one year for all defects of dwellings and two years for defective installations and major structural damages. 3) The insurer covers the repair cost of the major structural damages reported after two years before the expiration of the tenth year. 4) The insurer also covers the repair cost of defects liable to the registered builders in the case of their default. 5) The benefit of the program is assigned to the successive owners. 6) The quality standard of the HOW defines, in a concrete form, the quality level to be attained by the builder, which defines in the same time the defect liable to the builder. 7) The inspection of building process is not done in general by the HOW. 8) The registration of builders is purely voluntary, and offered to the applicant after the examination of the financial stuation, technical ability and reputation of the customers. 9) The insurance is composed of the surety bond in the initial guaranty period and the property insurance for the ten year protection. The payment of the insurer is 4.3 times more than the premium. 10) The dispute is submitted to the HOW's conciliation and, after the failure, reffered to the arbitration under the Expedited Home Construction Rules of the A. A. A.. and finally put on the trial. The registered builders or the insurer must accept the award of the conciliation and the arbitration, but the owner may appeal to the upper stages.

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A STUDY OF THE OCCUPANCY SPACE OF FURNITURE IN THE LIVING AREA (PART 1)

MITSUO WATANABE, ATSUKO EGUCHI

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 48-58
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_48

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The quantity of furniture in the household has increaced in recent years, which has effected the living conditions within the household. In this paper we will discuss this tendency as it is reflected in the statistical date.for a 20 year period, from 1958 to 1978. The quantity of furniture in the household showed a rapid rate of increase during these 20 years, wich the area occupied by furniture increasing 2. 64 times. Although living space had increased over this period of time, the increase of furniture space progrssed at a much faster rate.

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ON THE PROCESS OF FORMATION AND TRANSITION OF THE NAGASAKI FOREIGN SETTLEMENT

TATSUO MIYAMOTO, MITSUTOSHI TSUCHIDA

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 59-68
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_59

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This paper is discussed on the process of formation and transition of the Nagasaki foreign settlement. Conclusion as follows. 1. In the other studies, it was pointed out that there was a plan to separate the foreign settlement from Nagasaki City. It was the plan which separate the lots of south of Ohura by setting the stream of Ohura river toward the foot of Ohura Hill. In this paper, we made an additional remark that there were five border lines by various system to separate the foreign settlement from the others. And there were also two border lines to distinguish three grade lots of the Nagasaki foreign settlement. 2. We pointed out that Higashi-Yamate had a unique character in the increase in area and the rate of utilization of lots. 3. After the Middle years of Meiji Era, new residential sites were used in different from traditional ones. It was that there were several houses in narrow site and the site area of one house was more narrow than the traditional one. And also we want to add to that there were background about an sudden increase in population of foreigner of Nagasaki foreign settlement from 1894 to 1901.

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POSITION DE L'ARCHITECTURO-LOGIE ET LA PROBLEMATIQUE DE <<***・****s>>

UZUSHI NAKAMURA

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 69-77
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_69

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La "dispositio", que Vitruve a formulee dans sa theorie architecturale, nous pose a travers l'histoire occidentale une des problematiques essentielles de l'architecturo-logie. Il est bien notoire qu'il l'avait definie comme "rerum apta conlocatio elegansque e compositionibus effectus operis cum qualitate", mais qu'entendait-il dans sa pensee hellenistique par "res"-objet de l'action de "dis-poser"? Il s'agit de re-chercher tout le domaine ou regie ce principe de "dispositio", c'est-a-dire le domaine considere des objets architecturaux. Cet article a pour but d'eclairer cette notion, tres globale chez Vitruve, et d'essayer un dialogue architecturologique selon l'axe ideologique pose par la<<***-****s>>, terminologie grecque ancienne qu'il a designee comme l'origine de sa "dispositio". On peut trouver la meme idee, sans doute plus elargie, chez Ciceron, Aristote et Platon : <<****s * **** *****>>par Aristote (METAPHYSIQUE 1022 b), "compositio rerum aptis locis" par Ciceron (DE OFFICIIS I. 142) etc, et ce serait etonnant que Ciceron ait rassemble dans sa theorie de "dispositio" la notion de"occasio"-temps propice, "res" etant comprise comme phenomene temporel ainsi que spatial. En plus la <<********s>>employee par Platon nous ouvre une perspective d'interogation sur notre "etat d'ame" (***S), qui est toujours conditionne par quelque <<*****>> ; c'est la situation essentielle d'existence de n'importe quel <<**********>>surtout pour nous mortels. Alors, la, ce n'est pas le createur (sujet-auteur humain que supposerait une pensee moderne) qui "dis-pose" quelques objets, mais au contraire c'est le creteur lui-meme qui est toujours "dis-pos・ "Be-stimmtheit" chez M. Heidegger. La <<*********>>nous poserait ainsi une problematique ontologique de la <<*******s>>au sens le plus large defini par la "ΣYMIIOΣION". Or, Vitruve semble sous-entendre ce sens de<<********>>, lorsqu'il mentionne "l'univers"-Nature Creatrice Peripateticienne-comme la realisation ideale de ce principe (Ch. IX). Dans l'histoire des traites de l'architecture, on peut tres souvent trouver les notions et les expressions similaires, mais don't les portees de sens sont tres limitees ou tout modifiees. …cf., vers une esthetique chez L. B. Alberti, vers une sociologie chez J. F. Blondel, vers une theorie de "com-position" chez J. N. L. Durand qui propose pour la creation architecturale une attitude moderniste pour ainsi dire "de la pensee de sur-vol" (M. Mer.leau-Ponty). C'est ainsi que le domaine de la problematique de<<********>>nous semble donner une occasion (occasio) de reflexion et de critique architecturo-logiques sur notre crise de l'Archi-tecture face au monde de la Technologie.

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ON THE "YOROZU TATEMAE OBOECHO" OF HARA HIKOZAEMON, A MASTER CARPENTER : A Study on the carpenters in Kiso district from the late Edo to the Meiji periode, through historical documents preserved in Hara Family (1)

TAKEHISA KOTERA

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 78-85
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_78

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The main subjects argued in this article are as follows. 1. Characteristics of the carpenters in Kiso in the Edo periode. 2. Contents of the "Yorozu Tatemae Oboecho", a sort of bullding list of all his life. 3. Regional extent of his working sites. 4. Contracts and wages (currency and rice). 5. Working days a year.

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TEE PROPERTIES OF "KIWARI" IN THE "FURUKAWA SHINBEI'S KIWARI-NOTES" GROUP

KATSUHIKO WATANABE, MARIKO OKAMOTO, AKIRA NAITO

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 86-92
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_86

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This paper is one within a series of works in which we intend to clarify the lineage and properties of the architectural reference books on japanese traditional modular coordination (lit. Kiwari). We therefore discuss here about the characteristics of Kiwari in the "FURUKAWA SHINBEI'S KIWARI-NOTES" group and the properties of special words, units and systems of Kiwari in such medieval Kiwari texts.

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STUDIES ON THE WORKS DESIGNED BY SCHINKEL AFTER HIS TRAVELS IN ENGLAND : On the Rundbogenstil of K. F. Schinkel (2)

MASAAKI HORIUCHI

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 93-100
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_93

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The following buildings of the Rundbogenstil, which were designed or built by Schinkel from 1826 to 1835 are analysed in the present paper : I. Packhof (warehaus, 1830-32) II. Pfarrkirchen in Berlin (parish church, 1832-34) III. plans of Bibliothek (library, 1835) The three examples were intended to be built in brick without stucco, to which the Rundbogen was adapted, just like the brick buildings of northern Italy. The synthesis of the classical and the medieval styles was realized in the Pfarrkirchen (Johannes-and Nazarethkirche). Schinkel also planed the Packhof which was an extremely modern attempt for the early period of the 19th century. Since his journey to England in 1826 he was deeply influenced by English industrial buildings, which had grid plans and fire-proof vaults. These Britisch building techniques first appeared in the Packhof and much more evidently in the Bibliothek, although Schinkel himself detested the dullness of industrial building in England. And therefore he adopted in the Packhof a pyramidal form and applied the Rundbogen-windows in order to keep its architectural quality. Lastly the Rundbogen was brought in the Bibliothek (1st plan) as monumental blind arcades and in thefacade of the 2nd plan as several vivid formative combinations of brick arches. The interiors of all the buildings were built with vaults and transverse arches in the Rundbogenstil, since large areas could be spanned only by bricks in Germany, on account of the scarcity of iron. Schinkel's Rundbogenstil was firmly bound with the use of bricks, having digested the architetural elements taken from Italy and England, showed his original development until the last years of his activity.

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ON THE EMPLACEMENT OF A GATE IN FOLK HOUSES : Study on plane composition of rural landscape in Okinawa Part 5

IWAO SAKAMOTO, SHIGERU KAMIWADA, KATSUYOSHI TSUBAKI, YUNG-CHIEH KUO

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 101-110
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_101

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Generally, a gate in folk houese is placed at front of a main house in case of sites approachable to front, and also at right or left side in case of sites approachable to side, impossible to front. The orientation of main houses is highly changeable by other emplacements of gates. The condition to be other emplacements are concerned with roads and sites. The most of emplacements of gates to each orientation of main houses are a central part in case of front approach, a lower part in case of side approach, and a right part in case of back approach. The conditions to be other emplacements are concerned with roads, sites, relationship of location between a main house and annexes, a main house, and a mobile. In case of a lower part and a right part, a narrow passage is placed in each site, more than ten percent. Consequently, among all emplacements of gates, the wish to be a central part of a main house is strongest.

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ON THE EVOLUTION OF MAKING THE PROFILES OF BRACKETING MEMBERS JOINED CONTINUOUSLY IN THE TAP'O STYLE OF KOREAN ARCHITECTURE

AKIRA NAKANISHI

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 111-118
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_111

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This report forms a part of a study on the changing process of the bracketing complex of the Tap'o style architecture in Korea. There are two types of the bracketing. One of them is the older type : the section of each member composing the bracketing, such as the bracket arm, was made separate one another, so that the profiles of the bracketing seemed not to be successive (Fig. 2). The other is the newer one : the profiles of bracketing members appeared to be continuous, since the sections of members were joined at either end (Fig. 1). The manner of forming the profiles continuously was at first discovered in the interior of the bracketing supported on the column of the main hall, the Tae-ung-jon of Kae-sim-sa (1484, Fig. 13). In the 17 th century, after the Im-jin War (1592-8), this type of bracketing was made popular, and the interior of the intercolumnor bracketing and the exterior of the bracketing were also made by this manner. Moreover, in almost all buildings after the second half of the 18 th century, the profiles of bracketing members were made continuous not only in the interior but also in the exterior of the bracketing in the Tap'o style architecture. And this manner is regarded as one of the charcteristics of the Tap'o style at the end of the Yi-Dynasty.

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MODELING OF THE FLAME-CORED FIRE WHIRL

YUJI HASEMI

Article type: Article
1985 Volume 352 Pages 119-124
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_119

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A theory to calculate the distribution of velocities, angular velocity and static pressure of the flame-cored fire whirl is derived using the similarity analysis. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the theory with previous experimental work on the similar phenomenon ; the theory seems to be consistent with the experiments. A few fire whirls observed at actual city fires are analyzed based on the present theory.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1985 Volume 352 Pages App1-
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_App1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1985 Volume 352 Pages Cover3-
Published: June 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijax.352.0_Cover3

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