Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)
Online ISSN : 2433-0043
Print ISSN : 0910-8017
ISSN-L : 0910-8017
Volume 375
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1987 Volume 375 Pages Cover1-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1987 Volume 375 Pages Cover2-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1987 Volume 375 Pages Toc1-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1987 Volume 375 Pages Toc2-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1987 Volume 375 Pages Toc3-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • MASARU NISHIDA, TADAHISA KATAYAMA, AKIO ISHII, JUN-ICHIRO TSUTSUMI, YO ...
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 1-9
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Cross-ventilation in apartment houses can be considered as a phenomenon composed of two steps different in scale : the one is outdoor wind inducing ventilation to be taken in scale of a building or a group of buildings and the other, indoor air flow affecting thermal environment of a dwelling unit to be taken in scale of a room or a human body. In this paper authors study on the reproducibility of cross-ventilation in apartment houses by wind tunnel experiment from the standpoint of these two steps. For the first step are applied three kinds of approaching wind different in exponent of power law, using 1/300 scaled model of a part of a housing estate. However, mean speed above the roof of each of buildings in a row was well simulated for all of these three wind profiles. This might be attributed to that these profiles well agree with that of natural wind observed under 20m high, in spite of disagreement in the upper part. Pressure difference at each of the buildings was also well simulated with some exceptions, which are attributed to imperfect reproduction of varying direction of natural wind in the wind tunnel. For the second step are applied three kinds of approaching air flow different in turbulence intensity, using 1/20 scaled dwelling-unit model. The closer simulated turbulence intensity gives the more similar indoor air flow pattern to the field measurements.
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  • FUMIKO SUGAWARA, SUSUMU YOSHIZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 10-16
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Collection characteristics of 6 stage type Andersen samplers for biological particle sampling were theoretically analyzed to give the relation of size distribution of original airborne particles and the collected biological particles. With the postulation of similarity of collection characteristics with the integral curves of log-normal distribution, using the Ranz and Wong's impaction parameter, the transfer rate of particles of certain size range to adjancent or other stages were calculated, applying with the "the white noise" type uniform size distribution. As for the geometric mean sizes, the particles of size range of 3-6 μm in diameter which cover major part of airborne fungal particles gave very similar values for both airborne and collected particles. As for standartd geometric deviation, for the above size ranges, very uniform relations were obtained for up to σ_g=0.7 which are very popular values for biological particles. The inclination of regression curves were approximately 1.06 and meant the necessity of correction factor of around 6 %. For distribution with higher σ_g, the relations are rather variable that means the six stage type Andersen samplers are not suitable for the evaluation of particles with geometric standard deviation larger than 0.8 which are rather sharp distribution rearely encountered with biologiclal particles of natural origin.
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  • HIROSHI YOSHINO, FUSAO HASEGAWA, HIROSHI MATSUMOTO, YASUO UTSUMI, SHIN ...
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 17-27
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The air-tightness, indoor thermal environment, air quality and energy consumption in 13 units of highly insulated detached houses of wood-frame construction in and around Sendai city were investigated during winter of 1985. The results of this investigation are as follows : (1) Air-tightness The equivalent leakage area per unit floor area of investigated houses except for 2 houses was less than 8 cm^2/m^2. (2) Indoor thermal environment In the houses with a floor heating system, the room temperature was stable due to the heat storage effect of floor concrete slab, the vertical temperature gradient in the living room was small, and the globe temperature in the living room during the heating time after supper was 1.0℃ higher at the maximum than air temperature. In the houses with an oil heater, the air temperature at the point of 110 cm above the floor level in the living room was about 20℃ during the heating time after supper and was about 10℃ in the early morning. The vertical temperature difference between the points of 110 cm and 5 cm above the floor level in the living room was 4 to 8℃ during the heating time after the supper. The ratio of the temperature difference between the heated living room and the other unheated rooms to the indoor and outdoor temperature difference was scattered in the range of 0.4 to 0.8. (3) Indoor air quality The concentrations of CO_2 and NO_2 in indoor air of houses with unvented oil heater were high. In the houses with high CO_2 concentration, the concentration of NO_2 was also high. In some houses, the equivalent leakage area per unit floor area of which was less than 6 cm^2/m^2, the concentrations of CO_2 and NO_2 were so high. (4) Energy consumption The quantity of energy consumption for all uses in the houses with an oil heater was 11 to 15 Gcal per year and that in the houses with a floor heating system was 11 to 24 Gcal per year.
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  • SHOICHI KAJIMA, SHUMPEI OHARA, AKIO SAGAE, SATOSHI TOGARI
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 28-38
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The actual room air temperature distribution and air-movement have been researched in four office spaces together with an investigation of the views of the occupants with regard to this aspect of comfort. The results show that (1) To restrict complaints about the thermal environment to less than 20 %, room air temperature should be kept below 26℃ when cooling. (2) Vertical gradient of room air temperature increases during heating. To restrict complaints to less than 20 %, a consideration in room environmental design is to maintain the air temperature at floor level (0.1 m above the floor) higher than 21℃ and at head level (1.1 m above the floor) lower than 25℃. (3) To control the vertical gradient of room air temperature, it is important to avoid the excessive declease of floor surface temperature when heating is stopped. (4) Information has been given on the relationships between sensation of air-movement and discomfort, and between room air temperature and desirable air-movement.
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  • HIROSHI HOMMA, MAKOTO YAKIYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 39-48
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    About 35 % of heat generated by a human body is dissipated by convection in a normal room condition. This convective heat dissipation causes upward air stream around the body. The characteristics of free convection around human bodies were surveyed through infrared thermograms, smoke wire photographs and hot wire anemometry in this study. Male students of a normal height and weight were chosen for the experimental objectives. Experiments were carried out under standing and seated postures, and also under naked and clothed conditions. A heated rectangular model of a height of 1.6 m and a total surface of 1.6 m^2 was also included in the objectives. The results of the three methods indicated that stable free convection existed already at the ankle level. Laminar air flow enclosed the lower parts of the subjects to the height of the thighs. The range of peak air velocities was 5 to 15 cm/s in this part. The range of boundary layer thicknesses was 1 to 3 cm here. The upper parts of the subjects were enclosed by the turbulent flow, the average air velocity of which was about 20 cm/s, and the boundary layer thicknesses of which ranged between 5 and 10 cm. The measured velocities of the clothed condition concentrated in the slower part, and the measured velocities of the naked condition concentrated in the faster part of each of the ranges. The velocity of the free convection corresponds to the allowable maximum air movement for comfort in an air conditioned room.
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  • HIDEMASA YOSHIMURA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 49-56
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    This report aims to suggest a metrical model which measures escapability from a maze by taking human behavior of choosing routes into consideration, and to find a clue to the location planning of fire escape according to the types of escape routes. By applying this model to three different kinds of mazes, it is ascertained that this model serves the following purposes. 1. To measure an escapability from a maze. 2. To compare metrically escapabilities of various kinds of mazes. 3. To know the most escapable arrangement of goal points in a maze. This model will be helpful for planning safe arrangement of fire escapes.
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  • YUKIO KOMATSU, YASUHISA KATO
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 57-63
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In this part of the report, using the same data as the former part, we calculated the life time of wooden houses in several forms by city. They are represented by the terms of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % of cohort should be removed. Then taking the removal terms of 30 and 50 % of cohort, we analyzed the correlativities with some characteristics of dwellings of each city. The results are as follows : the population of a city tend to have negative correlation with the life time of wooden houses, and the rate of aged houses the rate of owned houses and the average area of floor space of dwelling are tend to have positive correlations.
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  • HIDEKI SHIMIZU, HIROKUNI TANIGUCHI, FUMIHITO MIYAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 64-75
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    The physical attributes perceived of the townscape composed with the bank building were studied through the sorting experiments of 80 color photographs by 20 architectural students. The experiments were proceeded in 3 areas. (1) on the bank building itself, (2) on it's surroundings, (3) on the relationship between the bank building and it's surroundings. The similarity matrix which was constructed from this sorting process was imput to the multidimensional scaling analysis "SINDSCAL". 5 sorting dimensions from each experiment were extracted and interpretated for the physical attributes.
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  • AKISHI HONDA, RYOZI YAMASHITA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 76-87
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In Japan, many houses for mine workers were built from the 1880's to the 1960's. However, since the goverment changed its energy policies in the sixties, the coal mining industries declined and mine workers who lost their jobs left the coal mining districts. In the 1970's, rehabilitation programs of the district were emphasized. Since the coal mine is located on the site where the coal is found, workers forced to live closed to the mines. Also to facilitate labor manmagement, workers have been made to live collectively. In our country this type of collective housings were called NAYA or HANBA before the 1900's. With the improvement of labor-management relations, the name have been changed to KOFU-SHATAKU, KOFU-SHUKUSHA or TANKO-ROMUSHA-JUTAKU. As the dialogue labor and management increased after the second War, the name was shortened to TANKO-JUTAKU, as it is commonly referred to in administrative circles. This paper is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, the authors studied the historically changing process of housing for miners, then we made a chronological table and divided it into six periods. In the second and third chapter, we examine the origin and evolution of NAYA and KOFU-SHATAKU that were built for coal miners between the 1880's and the 1920's.
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  • TAKASHI SUZUKI
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 88-103
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Le present article qui suit les precedents consacres a l'analyse morphologique du nouveau quartier Saint-Georges (Paris, ancien 116 arrond.) (Fig.1), a pour but d'analyser les comportements des agents intervenant dans le lotissement de ce quartier et les profits qu'ils en ont tires. Les donnees pour l'analyse sont obtenues par le depouillement des minutes des actes notaries qui sont enumerees par cotes du Minutier Central en fin de l'article. A part la Compagnie Saint-Georges (Constantin, architecte ; Sensier, ancien notaire ; Dosne, ancien agent de change ; Loignon, proprietaire) , le plus gros lotisseur qui a pris l'initiative de l'operation du quartier St-Georges, une dizaine d'autres (hormis ceux qui lotissaient pour consruire des immeubles pour eux-mgmes) sont intervenus, soit en mgme temps que la Compagnie St-Seorges ("Premiers lotisseurs"), soit en acquerant des terrains aupres des premiers lotisseurs, et notamment aupres de la Compagnie St-Georges ("Lotisseurs secondaires"). L'intervention des lotisseurs secondaires se concentre entre l825 et l830, periode correspondant a celle de la crise des operations des nouveaux quartiers. Durant cette periode ou les ventes de lots se rarefiaient (Fig.2), la Compagnie St-Georges achetaient des terrains aux autres premiers lotisseurs et vendaient en mgme temps des siens au profit des lotissuers secondaires (Tabl.1, Tabl.5). Les lotisseurs ont presque tous fini par tirer des profits de l'operation (Tabl. 2). Nous avons calcule les profits d'operation en les identifiant aux excedents des prix d'achat sur ceux de vente des terrains (Tabl. 3). Pour apprecier les niveaux de ces profits, nous avons pris comme repere la rente de l'epoque (5 % par an en general). Les premiers lotisseurs ont fait des profits beaucoup plus eleves que la rente (19. 2 %, 43. 7 % par an), par suite des interventions a court ou moyen terme (3 a 7 ans). Par centre, les lotissuers secondaires intervenant au moment de la crise ont fait des profits de l'ordre de la rente (2.4 % a 6. 5 % par an), par suite des interventions a long terme (plus de 10 ans). Quelques autres lotisseurs secondaires intervenant au stade de l'essor du marcha de lots (1835-1837) pouvaient neanmoins tirer des profits plus eleves (plus ou moins de 40 % par an). Les lotisseurs, et notamment les premiers lotisseurs, out eu recours aux credits de diverses formes ; achats et ventes a credit de terrains ; emprunts ; et transports de creances. Us ont, d'un cote, reporte le paiement des prix des terrains au moyen des achats a credit (Tabl.4). Us ont, d'autre cote, avance le recu des prix de vente des terrains au moyen des transports de creances (Tabl.6). La Compagnie St-Georges a d'ailleurs fait plusieurs emprunts pour payer sans retard les prix de quelques achats . Les credits dont dependaient les lotisseurs semblent avoir constitue un facteur interne da la crise des operations qui s'etait declenchee vers 1826. Les majeurs lotisseurs secondaires, par centre, ne dependaient pas de credits entrainant des obligations. Us ont paye les prix des terrains au jour meme des achats ou eventuellement a l'avance, ce qui a certainement favorise les vendeurs, les premiers lotisseurs, qui s'affrontaient a la crise de l'operation. Ces lotisseurs secondaires qui ne s'endettaient pas pouvaient retenir les terrains pendant longtemps apres l'achat, pour les revendre enfin et faire des profits de l'ordre du niveau de la rente. Les credits font surgir les facteurs suivants qui justifient la modification des profits annuels d'operation calcules ci-dessus : 1) le decalage des dates de transaction et de paiement du prix des terrains ; et 2) le paiement et le recu des int£rets (Table. 8). Les profits annuels modifies en tenant compte de ces facteurs augmentent par rapport a

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  • MOTOHIRO KAMATA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 104-113
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    Trough the analysis of municipal corporation level, 3 typical indexes are abstracted to evaluate coexisting zone. First one represent the internal coexisting index. Second one express external coexisting index, and last one is rate of increase of population which I added on purpose. Second step is the analysis of agglomeration level. I used 3 typical indexes which were abstractedon analysis of municipal corporaton level combined together to classify agglomeration. I confirmed the validity of combined indexes-namely agglomeration can be classified into 5 types (1 urban type, 3 coexisting types, 1 rural type). Making use of 5 types, I found out one characteristic in conclusion that is coexisting types have a scattered distribution in agglomeration, unlike continuous extent pattern which urban type has. Conparing with popuration index social-economic index, and space index, it is definite that each type have its own character.
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  • KOUICHI ISHIZAKA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 114-125
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    This paper deals with an estimation method of residential land use index in Tokyo metoropolitan area. A summary of conclusion is as follows ; (1) A ratio of apartmenthouses in total construction housing is efficiently estimated by the index of urbanization, which based on the density of household. (2) When calculating a dis-consturuction ratio of housing from statistics of housing stock and housing flow consturuction, the ratio is about 11% in case of non-apartmenthouses, and about 14% in case of apartmenthouses. And these ratios have no relationship to the urbanization index. (3) When building a formula to estimate a ratio of apartmenthouse by using the result of (l) and (2), that formula has performance for practical use. (4) And building the other formura to estimate average land area of non-apartmenthouse by using the result of (3) and other experimantal formura, that estimation fromura also has performance for practical use, in the case of some estimation purpose. (5) According to generally thinking, it is considered that the average land area of non-apartmenthouse becomes to be smaller, when urbanization is going up. But from this survey, it becomes to be clear that when the average land area of non-apartmenthouse becomes to be less than a certain value, the tendency of being smaller stops, and instead of this tendency, the raio of apartmenthouses becomes to be increasing.
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  • SHINJIRO KIRISHIKI
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 126-133
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • HIROYUKI NIWA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 134-140
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    In case of Minobusan-Kuonji, Omosu-Honmonji, Ikegami-Honmonji, the "Miei-Do" (founder's hall) was established earlier than the "Hon-Do" (main hall), This "Miei-Do" has the significance of staple construction in all the Buddhist temples. Therefore, We considered that these facts had influenced on the plan of the compound in the Buddhist temples.
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  • YUJI HASEMI
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 375 Pages 141-147
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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    This paper describes an exploratory analysis based on the similarity theory to explain the experimental wall flame heat transfer correlations reported in the previous paper (# 359, J. Structural & Construction Engg.) and formulate gasification process in the pyrolysis zone. Prediction of flame spread properties is made by applying these results into the theory derived in the previous report. The predicted results seem to be consistent with previous experimental works on the turbulent upward flame spread along vertical PMMA slabs.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1987 Volume 375 Pages App1-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1987 Volume 375 Pages Cover3-
    Published: May 30, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2017
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